Umhlaza usasazeka kwezinye iindawo zomzimba - Masifunde malunga nokusasazeka kwesifo

Mhlawumbi ukhe waliva igama elithi "metastasis," ingakumbi xa uthetha ngomhlaza. Ligama eloyikisayo. Kodwa ukuba uliqonda ngokuchanekileyo , ungalinciphisa olo loyiko kancinci. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngokuba yintoni i-metastasis, yenzeka njani, kwaye zeziphi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzazi ngayo.

Yintoni iMetastasis? Masiyiqonde ngokulula.

Ngamafutshane, i-metastasis kukusasazwa komhlaza ukusuka apho waqala khona ukuya kwamanye amalungu omzimba, oko kukuthi, kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Cinga ngayo njengesityalo esincinci esiqala kwindawo enye kwaye ngokuhamba kwexesha, sisasazeka kwaye sikhule izityalo ezintsha. Phantse zonke ii-cancer zinamandla athile okusasazeka ngale ndlela. Nangona kunjalo, nokuba isasazeka okanye ayisasazekanga kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Umzekelo, uhlobo lomhlaza, ubungakanani bawo, kunye nendawo umhlaza owaqala kuyo - siwubiza ngokuba 'yi-tumor yokuqala' - zonke ezi zinto zidlala indima.

Ngoku, khangela, kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili ezi seli zomhlaza ezinokuhamba ngazo ziye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba:

• Indlela yokuqala: Iiseli zomhlaza zinokukhula ngqo kwizicubu ezijikeleze ithumba eliphambili, ngokungathi zikhupha iingcambu.
• Indlela yesibini: Ezi seli zomhlaza zihamba ngegazi, oko kukuthi, ngenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi , ziye kwezinye izitho ezikwiindawo ezikude zomzimba, ezifana nesibindi, imiphunga, ubuchopho kunye namathambo.
• Indlela yesithathu: Ngenkqubo ye-lymphatic . Le yenye inkqubo ebalulekileyo emzimbeni wethu. Ngale ndlela, iiseli zomhlaza zinokusasazeka ziye kwiindawo ze-lymph ezikufutshane kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ezikude.

Ngawaphi amanye amagama e-metastasis?

Oogqirha basebenzisa amanye amagama amaninzi xa bethetha ngokusasazeka kwesifo. Usenokuba ukhe waweva la mazwi:

• Umhlaza we-Metastatic
• Umhlaza weSigaba sesi-4 (4)
• Umhlaza wesibini
• Ngamanye amaxesha ikwabizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza, xa kufutshane kuthiwe "mets".

Nokuba ligama lithini na, lithetha into enye.

Ziziphi iintlobo zomhlaza ezisasazeka (i-metastasize) ngolu hlobo?

Enyanisweni, naluphi na uhlobo lomhlaza lunamandla okusasazeka, okanye ukusasazeka, ngale ndlela. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza zibonakala zisasazeka ngaphezu kwezinye. Nazi ezinye zeentlobo zomhlaza ezidla ngokusasazeka:

• Umhlaza webele
• Umhlaza weColoral
• Umhlaza wesisu
• Umhlaza wemiphunga
• Umhlaza wesibeleko
• Umhlaza wePancreatic
• Umhlaza weprostate
• Umhlaza wolusu, ingakumbi i-melanoma
• Umhlaza wesisu
• Umhlaza wesibeleko

Musa ukothuka lolu luhlu. Oku akuthethi ukuba zonke ezi cancer ziya kusasazeka ukuba ziyavela. Kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ezi ntlobo zinamandla okwenza njalo.

Umhlaza uqala ukusasazeka phi?

Xa umhlaza usasazeka, ilungu eliya kulo kuqala lidla ngokukhethwa sisimila esiyintloko , indawo apho umhlaza waqala khona. Oku kuthetha ukuba uhlobo ngalunye lomhlaza lunokukhetha ukusasazeka kulo. Nazi ezinye zeendawo ezixhaphakileyo apho umhlaza usasazeka khona:

• Iindlala ze-adrenal (ezi ziindlala ezincinci eziphezu kwezintso zethu)
• Amathambo
• Ingqondo
• Isibindi
• Imiphunga
• Ithumba
• I-Peritoneum (le yinwebu encinci egubungela amalungu esisu)

Umzekelo, umhlaza webele usasazeka ngakumbi uye emathanjeni, emiphungeni, esibindini, nasebuchotsheni. Ngokufanayo, umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu ungasasazeka uye esibindini nasemiphungeni.

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza osasazekayo?

Ukusasazeka kwesifo akusoloko kubangela iimpawu ezinkulu. Ngamanye amaxesha iiseli zomhlaza zinokusasazeka kangangeenyanga okanye iminyaka. Ngenxa yoko, abanye abantu basenokungazi ukuba banomhlaza wesigaba sesi-4 .

Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimpawu ezininzi eziqhelekileyo ezidla ngokubonakala xa kukho i-metastasis:

• Ndiziva ndidiniwe kakhulu, ndidinwe kakhulu
• Ukubila ebusuku
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ngendlela engachazekiyo

Ukongeza, iimpawu zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni umhlaza wawukuyiphi indawo ekuqaleni kwaye usasazeke phi. Cinga ngoku:

• Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke esibindini (i-liver metastases) , iimpawu zingabandakanya: ukudumba, ukudumba kwesisu, ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya, ukuziva ugcwele nasemva kokutya kancinci, kwaye mhlawumbi ne-jaundice (ukutyheli kwamehlo nolusu).
• Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke emathanjeni (i-bone metastases) : Iintlungu zamathambo kunye nokuqhekeka okulula kunokwenzeka.
• Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke waya engqondweni (i-brain metastases) , iimpawu ezinje ngesiyezi, iintloko ezibuhlungu, kunye nokuxhuzula zinokubakho.
• Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke emiphungeni (lung metastases) , iimpawu ezinjengokuphefumla kancinci kunye nokukhwehlela okungapheliyo zinokubakho.

Kubalulekile: Ukuba nezi mpawu akuthethi ukuba unomhlaza osasazekayo. Zinokubangelwa nazezinye iingxaki zempilo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ezi mpawu ziyaqhubeka, kungcono ukubona ugqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso.

Zithini izizathu ze-metastasis?

I-Metastasis yinkqubo apho iiseli zomhlaza ziphuma kwi-tumor yokuqala zize ziye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, ezi seli zihamba ngegazi okanye ngenkqubo ye-lymphatic.

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokuchaphazela ukusasazeka kweeseli zomhlaza ngale ndlela, oko kukuthi, ukukhuthaza le nkqubo. Izazinzulu zisaphanda oku. Ngokwazi kwethu, ezi zinto zinokuba zezi:

• Inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka .
• Ukunqongophala kweoksijini kwizicwili (iHypoxia) .
• Ukwanda kwe-lactic acid egazini (i-Lactic acidosis) .
• Utshintsho oluthile kwinkqubo yokufa kweeseli olubizwa ngokuba yi-autophagy . (Ezi ziinkqubo zebhayoloji ezintsonkothileyo.)

Ezi zinto zinceda iiseli zomhlaza ukuba ziphume kwithumba lazo lokuqala, zifudukele kwiindawo ezintsha, kwaye ziseke iikoloni ezintsha apho.

Ufunyaniswa njani umhlaza we-metastatic?

Kwabanye abantu, xa beqala ukufunyanwa ukuba banomhlaza, kusenokwenzeka ukuba sele usasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Kwimeko enjalo, ugqirha uya kuzibona ezi metastases ngexesha lovavanyo lokuqala abalwenzayo.

Kwabanye abantu, ukusasazeka kwesifo kuyenzeka emva kokuba umhlaza wokuqala unyangiwe. Yiyo loo nto oogqirha bedla ngokucebisa ukuba kuhlolwe kwakhona emva konyango lomhlaza. Ngelo xesha, bajonga ukuba umhlaza uphinde wavela okanye usasazeka na.

Ziziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukuze kufunyanwe i-metastasis?

Ukuba ugqirha wakho urhanela ukuba umhlaza usasazeka kwi-metastatic cancer, angenza olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi vavanyo ukuqinisekisa oko:

• I-Biopsy: Oku kuquka ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesicwili kwindawo erhanelekayo uze ulihlolisise phantsi kwemakroskopu. Oku kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza kwaye zeziphi iintlobo zazo.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, izinto ezithile egazini (ezifana nee-tumor markers ) ziyanda. Zinokunika umbono wendlela amalungu omzimba (njengesibindi kunye nezintso) asebenza ngayo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwamathambo: Oku kunceda ukubona ukuba umhlaza usasazeke na emathanjeni.
• I-CT scan (i-computed tomography scans): Ingathatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zangaphakathi lomzimba. Inceda ekufumaneni izinto ezifana neethumba kunye nokukhula.
• Iiskeni ze-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Oku kufana ne-CT scan, kodwa kufanelekile ngakumbi ukujonga izicwili ezithambileyo, ingakumbi ingqondo kunye nomqolo.
• I-PET scan (i-positron emission tomography scans): Oku kunokubona indlela iiseli zomhlaza ezisebenzayo ngayo kunye nokuba ziphi na emzimbeni.
• I-Ultrasound: Isebenzisa amaza esandi ukuthatha imifanekiso yangaphakathi lomzimba.
• Ii-X-reyi:Isetyenziselwa ukujonga izinto ezifana nemiphunga namathambo.

Ayizizo zonke ezi mvavanyo ezenzelwa wonke umntu. Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba zeziphi iimvavanyo omawuzenze ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho kunye nohlobo lomhlaza.

Unyangwa njani umhlaza osasazekayo?

Into ebalulekileyo apha kukuba nokuba umhlaza usasazeke phi, unyango lusekelwe kwindawo umhlaza oqale kuyo . Umzekelo, ukuba umntu unomhlaza webele uze kamva usasazeke uye esibindini, oogqirha bawuphatha ngendlela efanayo naleyo baphatha ngayo umhlaza webele. Ngenxa yokuba isibindi sineeseli ezifanayo zomhlaza webele, azitshintshanga, yindawo etshintshileyo kuphela.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi eziphambili zonyango lomhlaza we-metastatic:

• Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Oku kuquka ukunika umzimba amayeza abulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye athintele ukukhula kwazo. La mayeza anokunikwa njengeepilisi okanye njengolwelo olufakwa emthanjeni.
• Unyango ngeehomoni: Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza (umz. ibele, iprostate) zixhomekeke kwiihomoni. Olu nyango lusebenza ngokunciphisa okanye ukumisa ukusebenza kwezo homoni.
• Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Oku kuquka ukuvuselela inkqubo yomzimba yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba nokunceda ukulwa neeseli zomhlaza.
• Unyango lwemitha: Isebenzisa imitha enamandla aphezulu ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Oku kunokujoliswa kwindawo ethile yomzimba.
• Unyango olujoliswe kulo: La mayeza enzelwe ukuhlasela kuphela utshintsho oluthile lwemfuza kwiiseli zomhlaza, ngoko ke abangela umonakalo omncinci kwiiseli eziphilileyo.

Ngamanye amaxesha, unyango olujoliswe kwindawo ethile lungasetyenziswa ukulawula iimpawu ezibangelwa kukwanda kwesifo, njengokunciphisa iintlungu nokuthintela ukwaphuka kwamathambo. Umzekelo, ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwithambo kwaye ubangela iintlungu, unyango lwemitha okanye utyando lunokusetyenziswa ukunyanga loo ndawo.

Ngaba i-metastasis inokuthintelwa?

Umhlaza awunakuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo ukuba ungasasazeki. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umhlaza ufunyanwa kwangethuba , oko kukuthi, ngaphambi kokuba usasazeke, ukususwa kwesi sifo ngotyando kunye nonyango oluncedisayo (olufana ne-chemotherapy, unyango olujoliswe kuyo, okanye unyango lwe-immunotherapy) kunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokusasazeka kwesi sifo kamva.

Iingcali zisaphanda iindlela zokuthintela, zokunciphisa, okanye zokuthintela ngokupheleleyo ukusasazeka kweeseli zomhlaza. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba senza kakuhle kangakanani na izinto, into ebizwa ngokuba yi-metastasis inokwenzeka.

Khumbula oku kakuhle: Ukuba unomhlaza osasazekayo, asilotyala lakho.Asikuko ukuba wenze into engalunganga okanye awenzanga nto. Uphando lubonisa ukuba akukho kutya kuthile okwenza umhlaza ube sengozini enkulu yokukhula, kwaye akukho kutya kuthile okuthintela ukusasazeka kwesifo.

Ukuba ndinomhlaza osasazekayo, ndimele ndilindele ntoni?

Iqela lakho lezonyango liza kusebenzisana nawe ngokusondeleyo ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza nasemva kwalo. Uza kuba nentlanganiso rhoqo kwaye kuya kufuneka wenze izigqibo ezibalulekileyo malunga nempilo yakho. Ngeli xesha, kubalulekile ukuba nenkxaso evela kusapho lwakho, abahlobo kunye neqela lezonyango .

Ulindelo lobomi kunye nomhlaza we-metastatic

Kwiimeko ezininzi, umhlaza osasazekayo awunyangeki . Nangona kunjalo, unyango lunokulawula ukukhula komhlaza kwaye lunciphise iimpawu. Kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, nokuba kukho i-metastases, ungaphila iminyaka emininzi . Kwakhona, ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza osasazekayo, ezifana ne -melanoma kunye nomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu, ziyanyangeka.

Amanqanaba okusinda komhlaza we-metastatic

Izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu liyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-metastasis onayo. Umzekelo, i-9% yabantu abanomhlaza wemiphunga osasasazekayo basaphila emva kweminyaka emihlanu. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantu abali-9 kwabali-100 abafunyaniswe benomhlaza wemiphunga osasasazekayo basaphila emva kweminyaka emihlanu. Ngokufanayo, ama-30% abafazi kunye ne-19% yamadoda anomhlaza webele osasasazekayo basaphila emva kweminyaka emihlanu.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda: La mazinga okusinda ziingqikelelo nje eziqhelekileyo . Azikuxeleli ngqo indlela oza kusabela ngayo kunyango okanye ixesha oza kuphila ngalo. Buza ugqirha wakho malunga namazinga okusinda asebenza kwimeko yakho.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Ukufunyaniswa ukuba unomhlaza osasazekayo kuza nemingeni yawo. Le mingeni inokwahluka kumntu nomntu, kodwa ungahlangabezana nezinto ezifana nezi:

• Iimvakalelo ezinje ngosizi, umsindo, kunye nokudana.
• Ndiyoyika ukuba unyango luza kuphumelela okanye umhlaza uza kuba mandundu ngokukhawuleza.
• Kuyadinisa ukubona oogqirha rhoqo nokwenza izigqibo ezibalulekileyo.
• Ukufuna uncedo ngemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.
• Ukudana ngenxa yeendleko zonyango.

Ukuthetha nomcebisi okanye unontlalontle kunokuba luncedo olukhulu ekujongeni ezi mvakalelo zinzima. Kwakhona, ukulawula uxinzelelo kubaluleke kakhulu. Ziqhelise izinto ezifana nokucamngca, ukuqaphela, okanye ufumane ezinye iindlela zokunciphisa uxinzelelo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha wam?

Ukuba ufumanisa naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha,Ufanele uthethe nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Iqela lakho lokhathalelo lomhlaza lingayilungisa isicwangciso sakho sonyango ukuze sihambelane neemfuno zakho.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Ukwazi imeko yakho kuya kukunceda wenze izigqibo ezisekelwe kulwazi. Nazi ezinye zemibuzo onokuzibuza ugqirha wakho:

• Ngaba zikho izinto endinokuzenza ukuphucula imeko yam?
• Ziziphi iindlela zonyango endinazo?
• Ngaba kukho naziphi na iimvavanyo zeklinikhi endinokuthi ndithathe inxaxheba kuzo?
• Nokuba ndingayeka unyango lomhlaza, ngaba ndiza kuqhubeka nokufumana unyango lokuthomalalisa iintlungu ? (Unyango lokuthomalalisa iintlungu lunyango olulawula iimpawu kwaye luphucula umgangatho wobomi)
• Kufuneka ndize kangaphi ukuze ndihlolwe kwakhona?
• Ngaba ndifanele ndicinge ngokhathalelo lwe-hospice ?
• Ukuba andikwazi ukwenza izigqibo, ngaba ndifanele ndikhethe umntu oza kundithathela izigqibo zonyango ngoku?
• Ngawaphi amaxwebhu asemthethweni ekufuneka ndiwalungiselele?
• Ungandixelela ngezixhobo eziza kundinceda ndikwazi ukumelana nale meko?

Okokugqibela, yintoni ekufuneka uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukufumanisa ukuba umhlaza usasazeke ukusuka kwindawo yawo yokuqala ukuya kwenye inxalenye yomzimba, okanye usasazeke , kunokuba yenye yezona zinto zoyikekayo umntu anokujongana nazo ebomini bakhe. Ukuba usandul’ ukufunyanwa unesifo esinjalo, kuqhelekile ukuba neemvakalelo ezahlukeneyo ezinzima ezidlula engqondweni yakho.

Nangona uninzi lomhlaza osasazekayo lungenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, kukho unyango olunokukunceda unciphise iimpawu zakho kwaye lwandise ubomi bakho . Ngoko ke, musa ukuphelelwa lithemba.

Cela ugqirha wakho ulwazi oluthe kratya uze ufumane apho ungafumana khona uncedo. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, joyina iqela lenkxaso yomhlaza kwindawo okuyo. Ukuthetha nabanye abadlula kwizinto ezifanayo nawe kunokukunceda uzive ngcono ngawe ngeli xesha lohambo. Khumbula rhoqo ukuba awuwedwa.

Umhlaza , ukusasazeka komhlaza, ukusasazeka komhlaza, iimpawu zomhlaza, unyango lomhlaza, umhlaza wesigaba sesi-4, unyango lomhlaza