Ngaba wena okanye umntwana wakho ninengxaki yokuhlala nigxile kwinto enye? Ngaba uziva ungaphumli kwaye ungaphumli ngalo lonke ixesha? Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, okanye i-ADHD (Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), njengoko abantu abaninzi beyazi. Elinye lamayeza aphambili asetyenziswa ukunyanga le meko yi-methylphenidate. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale mithi, ingakumbi uhlobo lokukhululwa olude oluthathwa ngokuhlwa.
Yintoni i-methylphenidate?
Ngamafutshane, eli liyeza elisetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-ADHD. Ngokwezonyango, likwicandelo lezinto ezivuselelayo. Cinga ngalo, kukho iikhemikhali ezithile engqondweni yethu (ii-neurotransmitters) ezinceda kwizinto ezifana nokuqwalaselwa nokulawulwa. Umntu one-ADHD unokuba nomsebenzi omncinci kwezi zinto. Ngoko ke, eli yeza lisebenza ngokuvuselela umsebenzi wezo khemikhali, linyusa amandla okugxila nokulawula ukuziphatha okungxamisekileyo nokungaphumliyo. Uhlobo olukhethekileyo esithetha ngalo kweli nqaku luyilwe ngendlela yokuba xa luthathwa ngokuhlwa, iziphumo zalo zivakala ubusuku bonke ukuya kusasa olulandelayo.
Izinto ekufuneka uzixelele ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uthathe amayeza
Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise eli yeza, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nembali yakho epheleleyo yempilo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ezinye iimeko zonyango zinokwenza ukusebenzisa eli yeza kube yingozi. Ukuba wena okanye nabani na kusapho lwakho unezinye zezi meko zidweliswe kwitheyibhile engezantsi, qiniseka ukuba uxelele ugqirha wakho.
| Imeko/inyani yezonyango | Kutheni ufanele uxelele? |
|---|---|
| Isifo sentliziyo, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, okanye imbali yentsapho yesifo sentliziyo | Eli yeza linokunyusa kancinci uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nesantya sentliziyo. |
| Isifo sengqondo (uxinzelelo, ukudakumba, isifo sengqondo esiguquguqukayo, iingcinga zokuzibulala) | Kuba amayeza ngamanye amaxesha anokuyenza mandundu impawu zengqondo ezikhoyo. |
| Ukuxhuzula | Eli yeza ngamanye amaxesha linokunyusa umngcipheko wokuxhuzula. |
| Imeko yeGlaucoma | Kuba inokunyusa uxinzelelo lwamehlo. |
| Isifo sesibindi | Kuba inokuchaphazela inkqubo yokususwa kweyeza emzimbeni. |
| Iingxaki zokujikeleza kwegazi kwiminwe (umz. uRaynaud's phenomenon) | Kuba ezi mpawu zinokuba mandundu. |
| Isifo sikaTourette okanye iintshukumo zomzimba | Kuba iimpawu zezi meko zinokwanda. |
| Ukuba ukhulelwe, uzama ukukhulelwa, okanye ungumama oncancisayo | Ufanele uxoxe nogqirha wakho ngendlela amayeza anokuchaphazela ngayo umntwana wakho. |
| Ii-aleji ezibangelwa leli yeza okanye nantoni na enye | Ukuthintela iimpembelelo ze-allergy. |
Yeyiphi indlela engcono yokusebenzisa eli yeza?
Njengoko ugqirha esitsho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha idosi echanekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
- Ixesha: Olu hlobo ludla ngokuthathwa ngokuhlwa okanye ebusuku . Zama ukuluthatha ngexesha elifanayo yonke imihla.
- Indlela yokuthatha: Ginya ikhaphu yonke ngeglasi yamanzi. Musa ukuyiqhekeza, ukuyityumza, okanye ukuyihlafuna ikhaphu. Ukwenza njalo kunokubangela ukuba lonke iyeza liphume emzimbeni ngaxeshanye, nto leyo enokunyusa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
- Ukuba unengxaki yokuginya:Ukuba unengxaki yokuginya ikhapsuli, ungayivula ngononophelo, ufafaze iipilisi ezincinci ngaphakathi ekutyeni okuthambileyo okufana ne-applesauce, uze uziginye ngoko nangoko ngaphandle kokuhlafuna . Kodwa thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto kuqala.
- Ukuba usela amayeza amaninzi ngaphezu kokuba kufanele, yiya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) ekufutshane okanye utsalele umnxeba iZiko loLwazi lweePoison kwiSibhedlele sikaZwelonke saseColombo .
Okubaluleke kakhulu: Eli yeza limiselwe wena wedwa. Musa ukwabelana ngalo nabanye abantu nangasiphi na isizathu. Alikho mthethweni kwaye linokuba yingozi kuloo mntu.
Yintoni omawuyenze ukuba uphoswe yidosi yeyeza?
Ukuba ulibele ukuthatha idosi yakho yangokuhlwa, yithathe kwangoko wakuba ukhumbule loo ngokuhlwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba lusuku olulandelayo xa ukhumbula, yitsibe idosi oyiphosileyo uze uthathe idosi yakho elandelayo ngexesha eliqhelekileyo. Ungaze uthathe iidosi ezimbini ngaxeshanye ukuze ubuyisele idosi oyiphosileyo.
Ezinye izinto ezinokusebenzisana nale mithi
Amanye amayeza anokusebenzisana ne-methylphenidate aze abangele iziphumo ezingafunekiyo. Kubalulekile ukuxelela ugqirha wakho malunga nawo onke amayeza owasebenzisayo (kuquka iivithamini kunye namayeza esintu).
- Amayeza okudakumba e-MAOI: Ukusela la mayeza kunye nala mayeza kuyingozi kakhulu. Kunokubangela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
- Amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi: Eli yeza lisenokutshintsha ukusebenza kakuhle kwamayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi.
- Amayeza okuxhuzula: Ukusebenza kakuhle kwala mayeza kunokuchaphazeleka.
- Ezinye izinto ezikhuthazayo: Ukuyisebenzisa kunye neminye imithi ye-ADHD, amayeza okunciphisa umzimba, kunye neziselo ezine-caffeine kunokubangela ukunyuka kwesantya sentliziyo kunye nokungaphumli.
- Amayeza athintela ukujiya kwegazi (umz. iWarfarin): Ukusebenza kwezi zinto kunokutshintsha.
Izinto ekufuneka uzilumkele ngakumbi xa usebenzisa amayeza
- Ukukhula: Ugqirha uza kujonga ubude nobunzima bomntwana othatha eli yeza, kuba ngamanye amaxesha ukukhula kunokuphazamiseka kancinci ngenxa yokungathandi ukutya.
- Umnqweno Wokutya: Kuqhelekile ukuba ungabi namdla wokutya xa uqala ukuthatha amayeza. Esinye isisombululo sokutya oku kukutya ukutya okuncinci amaxesha amaninzi ngemini kunokutya isidlo esikhulu ngaxeshanye.
- Inkathalo kunye nengqalelo: Nangona eli yeza linokukunceda ukuba uhlale uphaphile, linokukwenza uzive ulele. Ngoko ke, lumka kakhulu xa uqhuba, ukhwela ibhayisekile, okanye usebenzisa oomatshini ude wazi kakuhle ukuba likuchaphazela njani iyeza.
- Isilumkiso esikhethekileyo kumadoda: Ukuba ufumana ukunqamana okuhlala ixesha elide okanye okubuhlungu okuhlala iiyure ezingaphezu kwe-4, isenokuba yimeko enzima. Funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza ukuze uthintele umonakalo ongunaphakade.
- Utshintsho kwiminwe yakho: Ukuba ubona naziphi na izilonda ezingaqhelekanga, ukungaziva, iintlungu, okanye ukuva ukubanda kwiminwe okanye ezinzwaneni zakho, kunye notshintsho kumbala (omhlophe, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu) ngelixa usela iyeza, xelela ugqirha wakho.
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zeyeza
Njengazo zonke amayeza, le inokuba nemiphumo emibi, kodwa ayinguye wonke umntu oyifumanayo.
| Uhlobo lwesiphumo esibi | Iimpawu |
|---|---|
| Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza. | |
| Iimpendulo ze-allergy | Ukurhawuzelela kwesikhumba, ukurhawuzelela, ukudumba kobuso/imilebe/ulwimi, ubunzima bokuphefumla. |
| Utshintsho kwisantya sentliziyo | Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza okanye ngokungangqalanga, isiyezi, iintlungu zesifuba. |
| Utshintsho kwimeko yengqondo | Ukungazinzi okukhulu, ukuphazamiseka, ukubona/ukuva izinto ezingekhoyo, iingcinga zokuzibulala, iimvakalelo zobutshaba. |
| Istroke kubantu abadala | Ukuba ndindisholo/ubuthathaka bobuso, ingalo, okanye umlenze ngequbuliso, ubunzima bokuthetha, ubunzima bokuhamba, intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu. |
| Ezi ziimpawu eziqhelekileyo, kodwa ukuba ziyaqhubeka, kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho. | |
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezincinci | Intloko ebuhlungu, ukungalali, ukungabi namdla wokutya, ukwehla kobunzima, isicaphucaphu, ukubona izinto ezingaqhelekanga. |
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Methylphenidate liyeza elisetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-ADHD. Liyandisa ingqalelo kwaye linciphisa ukungazinzi.
- Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise eli yeza, xelela ugqirha wakho lonke ulwazi lwakho lwempilo (ingakumbi iingxaki zempilo yentliziyo neyengqondo).
- Sela amayeza kanye njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuxelela, ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Musa ukuwaphula, ukuwatyumza, okanye ukuwahlafuna.
- Ukuba ufumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibi kakhulu (iintlungu zesifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumla, utshintsho olukhulu engqondweni), funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.
- Eli yeza lelakho wedwa. Ungaze ulinike omnye umntu. Ligcine kwindawo ekhuselekileyo kude nabantwana nezilwanyana zasekhaya.
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