Ngaba imithambo-luvo yethu ingatyhefwa? Masithethe ngetyhefu yemithambo-luvo!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva unesizungu ngaphandle kwesizathu? Ngaba amalungu akho ayaphela? Okanye uziva ngathi inkumbulo yakho iya isiba mandundu, okanye kunzima ukugcina ingqondo yakho ikwindawo enye? Mhlawumbi isizathu sale nto yinto esingacingi nokuyicinga. Oko kukungcoliswa yingqondo, okanye njengoko sikubiza ngokwezonyango, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-neurotoxicity . Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha namhlanje, kulungile?

Ngamafutshane, yintoni ubuthi be-neurotoxicity?

Ubuthi be-neurotoxicity bubangelwa kukwenzeka kwendalo okanye iityhefu ezenziwe ngumntu (ezibizwa ngokuba zii-neurotoxicants) emoyeni esiwuphefumlayo, emanzini esiwaselayo, ekutyeni esikutyayo, kunye nezinye zezinto esizisebenzisayo zonakalisa inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo. Ubusazi na ukuba inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo yinethiwekhi entsonkothileyo kakhulu? Ibandakanya ingqondo yethu, umqolo, kunye nemithambo-luvo emzimbeni wethu wonke . Ezi zezona zilawula yonke into esiyicingayo, esiyenzayo, esiyithethayo, nesiyivayo.

Ngoko ke, ezi tyhefu zinokubangela utshintsho ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Ezi nguqu ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba zincinci, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zibe nzima kakhulu . Nangona ezinye iinguqu zinokunyangwa kwaye zinyangwe, ezinye zinokuba yingozi ubomi bonke. Kwiimeko ezimbi kakhulu, le tyhefu ye-neurosis inokukhokelela ekufeni . Khawuthelekelele indlela eyingozi ngayo loo nto!

Ngamanye amaxesha, nezinto ezingaqhelekanga ukuba ziyingozi kuthi, umzekelo, amanye amayeza, zinokubangela ubuthi be-neurological xa zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Okanye, kukho izinto ezithile, ezifana ne-lead, ezinokuba yityhefu nokuba zincinci.

Le tyhefu ye-neurological inokwenzeka ngexesha lokukhula kwe-fetus , ukuphuhliswa komntwana , okanye ukuba ngumntu omdala . Nangona kunjalo, umonakalo obangelwa kukuvezwa kwezi tyhefu ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye nobuntwana bokuqala udla ngokuba mkhulu. Kwakhona, abantu abanezifo ezithile, umzekelo, abo bane-jaundice (hyperbilirubinemia) okanye abo banezifo ezifana neCharcot-Marie-Tooth Disease (CMT), basengozini enkulu yokuphuhliswa kwe-neurotoxicity.

Zithini ezi zinto zibangela utyhefu engqondweni?

Enyanisweni, kukho amakhulu eentlobo zezi zinto zibangela imithambo-luvo. Zinokuba kwimo yegesi, ulwelo, okanye eqinileyo. Ezinye iityhefu zinokubangela iimpawu nokuba zincinci kakhulu, okanye emva kokudibana nazo kube kanye. Ngelixa ezinye zifuna ubuninzi obukhulu kunye nokudibana nazo ixesha elide ukuze zibangele iimpawu.

Nantsi eminye imizekelo:

• Iimetali ezinzima: Umzekelo, ilothe, imercury.
• Ezinye izinto ezifumaneka ngokwendalo: Umzekelo, i-carbon monoxide, i-arsenic, kunye ne-trichothecene mycotoxins ezivela kwezinye iimold.
• Isibulali-zinambuzane:Umzekelo, `(organophosphates)` kunye `(chlorpyrifos)`. Ezi zisetyenziswa kwezolimo zethu, akunjalo?
• Izinyibilikisi ezifumaneka kwiifektri nakwiimveliso zokucoca: Umzekelo, `(tetrachloroethylene)`.
• Izixhobo zokwenza: Umzekelo `(vinyl chloride)`, `(toluene)`, `(formaldehyde)` kunye `(polybrominated diphenyl ethers) (PBDEs)`.
• Iziyobisi notywala: Utywala, ii-Amphetamine, ii-Opioids, ii-Inhalants, kunye ne-Cocaine.

Kukwakho neekhemikhali ezichaphazela iinkqubo zethu zeehomoni, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Imizekelo ibandakanya iBisphenol A (BPA) (efumaneka kwezinye iiplastiki), iiphthalates, kunye neepolychlorinated biphenyl compounds (PCBs). Ezi zinokubangela ubuthi be-neurotoxicity ngokungathanga ngqo.

Ubudlelwane phakathi kwamayeza kunye ne-neurotoxicity

Ubusazi na ukuba amanye amayeza, umzekelo, amanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kunye namanye amayeza okubulala iingqondo, anokubangela ubuthi bengqondo ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo? Kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi, iingenelo zala mayeza zingaphezulu kakhulu kuneengozi zobuthi bengqondo . Yiyo loo nto oogqirha bewanika ngononophelo olukhulu.

Amanye amayeza, ingakumbi lawo asetyenziswa kunyango lomhlaza, anokubangela ubuthi kwimithambo-luvo.

• Amayeza aqulethe iplatinum: `(oxaliplatin)`, `(cisplatin)`, `(carboplatin)`
• Amayeza eTaxane: `(paclitaxel)`, `(docetaxel)`
• Iialkaloids zeVinca: `(vincristine)`, `(vinblastine)`
• Izithinteli zeProteasome
• Ii-analogues zeThalidomide

Ayisiyo chemotherapy kuphela, kodwa unyango lwemitha lunokonakalisa inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi kwaye lubangele ubuthi be-neurotoxicity.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Enyanisweni, kunzima kubaphandi ukutsho ukuba le meko ixhaphake kangakanani, ngenxa yenani elikhulu leentlobo zee-nerve agents kunye neempawu ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi bathi ukuchatshazelwa kwethu kwezi -nerve agents kuxhaphakile .

Makhe ndikunike imizekelo emibini ukuze ndikuncede uqonde ubukhulu bale nto:

• Olunye uphando lufumanise ukuba kukho malunga nezigidi ezingama-385 zeetyhefu ezibangelwa zizibulali-zinambuzane kwihlabathi liphela minyaka le , nto leyo ebangela ukufa kwabantu abamalunga ne-11,000 minyaka le.
• Kukwaqikelelwa ukuba malunga nesigidi sabantu siyafa minyaka le ngenxa yetyhefu yelothe . Omnye kubantwana abathathu kwihlabathi liphela - oko kukuthi malunga nezigidi ezingama-800 zabantwana - unezinga eliphezulu lelothe egazini lakhe . Khawuthelekelele ukuba oku kuyingozi kangakanani! Ilothe ingafumaneka kwipeyinti ezindlwini ezindala nakwiithoyi ezithile.

Zithini iimpawu?

Iimpawu zetyhefu ye-nerve agent zingahluka kakhulu. Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwetyhefu oye wadibana nayo. Iimpawu zingaqala kwezincinci ukuya kwezinzima . Ngamanye amaxesha iimpawu zinokuvela kwangoko emva kokudibana netyhefu, okanye zingathatha iiveki, iinyanga, okanye neminyaka ukuba zivele.

Nazi ezinye iimpawu zomzimba:

• Iingxaki zokulinganisela kunye nokulungelelanisa (ukungakwazi ukuhamba kakuhle, ukuba nengxaki yokubamba izinto)
• Urhudo (intlungu yesisu)
• Ukudinwa, ukudinwa
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Umnqweno wokutya
• Iimeko zentlungu ezifana nentlungu ye-neuropathic
• Iingxaki zemisipha: ubuthathaka, ukuqaqamba, ukuxhuzula
• Isicaphucaphu kunye/okanye ukuhlanza
• Ukungabi nangqondo kwamalungu
• Utshintsho ebuthongweni: njengokungalali kakuhle
• Ubunzima bokuthetha, intetho engacacanga (dysarthria)
• Iingxaki zokubona okanye ukulahleka kokubona

Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iimpawu zengqondo nezokuqonda:

• Utshintsho lokuziphatha okanye iingxaki
• Ukuncipha kwezakhono zengqondo, umzekelo, ukukhubazeka okuncinci kwengqondo
• Ukudinwa okanye ukudideka
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwamalungu omzimba: Oku kuthetha ubunzima bokulawula iimvakalelo kunye nokungakwazi ukugxila.
• Ukucaphuka ngokukhawuleza kunesiqhelo, ukuba ndlongondlongo
• Ukulahleka kwenkumbulo
• Utshintsho lweemvakalelo

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubona ugqirha ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho nibona naluphi na utshintsho okanye iingxaki kwindlela acinga ngayo, ekuziphatheni kwakhe, kwimo yakhe yengqondo, okanye kwimpilo yakhe yomzimba . Oku kusenokubangelwa zizinto ezibangela utywala engqondweni, kodwa kunokubakho ezinye izizathu.

Iimpawu ezibonisa imeko engxamisekileyo

Ngamanye amaxesha ubuthi be-neurotoxicity bunokuba ngequbuliso kwaye bube bukhali kakhulu (ubuthi be-neurotoxicity obubukhali). Ezi mpawu zinokuvela ngequbuliso. Ukuba unezinye zeempawu ezingezantsi, kufuneka uye esibhedlele ngoko nangoko. Fowunela u-911 (1990 eSri Lanka) okanye uye esibhedlele esikufutshane.

Iimpawu zetyhefu yemithambo-luvo ebukhali zingabandakanya:

• Utshintsho kwisantya sentliziyo
• Ukudideka okanye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo
• Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo
• Ingqondo, kuquka ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo
• Ukuxhuzula
• Utshintsho olukhulu kubushushu bomzimba (umkhuhlane ophezulu kakhulu (i-hyperthermia) okanye ubushushu bomzimba obuphantsi kakhulu (i-hypothermia))
• Ukuqala ngequbuliso kobuthathaka obukhulu bemisipha
• Iingxaki zokubona ngequbuliso okanye ukulahleka kombono
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla

Zithini izizathu zokutyhefwa yimithambo-luvo?

Ngamafutshane, ubuthi be-neurotoxicity buyenzeka xa ezi zinto zibangela ubuthi kwi-neurotoxicants zingonakalisa, zitshintsha, okanye zibulala iiseli kwinkqubo yethu ye-peripheral okanye ephakathi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kuchaphazela iiseli ze-nerve, okanye ii-neurons . Uyazi, ezi neurons zezona ziphambili ezithumela kwaye ziqhube imiqondiso engqondweni yethu, emgogodleni, nakwi-peripheral nerves. Azizo ii-neurons kuphela, kodwa nezinye iindawo zenkqubo ye-nerve nazo zinokonakala, umzekelo , i-myelin egubungela i-nerve.

Ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo iyinkqubo entsonkothileyo, umonakalo obangelwa bubuthi bemithambo-luvo unokubonakala ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Nazi imizekelo embalwa:

• Utshintsho kumanqanaba ee -neurotransmitters (umzekelo, i-dopamine), ikhemikhali ebalulekileyo engqondweni yethu, kunye nokudluliselwa kwazo.
• Ukudumba, okanye ukudumba, kwengqondo okanye umqolo (neuroinflammation).
• Utshintsho kwisakhiwo sengqondo, umzekelo, utshintsho kumthamo wezinto ezingwevu nezimhlophe engqondweni.
• Ukonakala kwe-myelin sheath ejikeleze imithambo-luvo ejikeleze imithambo-luvo.

Ukuvezwa kwiiarhente zemithambo-luvo

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezi arhente zemithambo-luvo ezinokungena ngazo emizimbeni yethu:

• Ngokuphefumla
• Ngokutya okanye ngokusela (ngezinto ozityayo okanye oziselayo)
• Ngokufunxwa ngesikhumba

Ezi tyhefu zinokuchaphazela nomntwana ongekazalwa. Ukuba ezi tyhefu zingena emzimbeni kamama ngexesha lokukhulelwa, zinokudlula egazini ziye kumntwana ongekazalwa ngentambo yesisu . Yiyo loo nto amanye amayeza engacetyiswa ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kuba anokuba nefuthe le-neurotoxic kwi-fetus.

Xa ezi tyhefu zingena egazini lethu, zinokunqumla umqobo wegazi-ubuchopho (i-BBB) ​​okhusela ubuchopho bethu kwaye zichaphazele ngokuthe ngqo iindawo zenkqubo ye-nervous ephakathi. Okanye, njengee-EDC ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili, zinokuchaphazela ubuchopho ngokungathanga ngqo ngokutshintsha ezinye iinkqubo zomzimba.

Zininzi iindawo apho ungachaphazeleka khona zezi arhente zemithambo-luvo, kuba imithombo yezi tyhefu isasazeke kuyo yonke indawo.

• Ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo: ukukhutshwa komsi wezithuthi, ukukhutshwa komoya ovela kwezolimo, ukukhutshwa komoya ovela kwimizi-mveliso.
• Ungcoliseko lwendawo: Kwiindawo ezifana neepaki, izikolo, okanye ngenxa yeengozi zeekhemikhali kuloo ndawo.
• Ungcoliseko lwasekhaya: Ukusuka kwezinye izinto zasekhaya, ukutya neziselo. Umzekelo, ezinye izinto zokucoca, izitshizi zezinambuzane, kunye neepeyinti.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho?

Sele sixoxe ngokuba ezinye izinto ezibangela ubuthi kwimithambo-luvo zinokubangela izifo ezingapheliyo zemithambo-luvo . Kwiimeko ezinzima, nokufa kunokwenzeka.

Ukuchatshazelwa zizinto ezithile ezibangela ubuthi emzimbeni, ingakumbi ngexesha lokukhula komntwana ongekazalwa kunye nobuntwana, kufunyenwe kunxulunyaniswa nezinye zezi meko zilandelayo:

• Ingxaki yokunqongophala kwengqwalasela/yokungasebenzi kakuhle (ADHD)
• Ukukhubazeka kokufunda
• Uxinzelelo
• Ixhala
I-Schizophrenia-yeemvakalelo `(Schizophrenia)`
• Ingxaki ye-Autism spectrum (ASD)

Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba oku kubonisa kuphela unxibelelwano phakathi kokuchatshazelwa zii-neurotoxins kunye nezi meko. Abaphandi abakaqiniseki ukuba ezi tyhefu zibangela ezi meko ngokuthe ngqo na. Bayaqhubeka nokufunda zonke iziphumo kunye neengxaki ezinokubakho zezi neurotoxins.

Uyifumana njani le nto? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ngenxa yokuba kukho amakhulu eentlobo zee-nerve agents kwaye iimpawu zee-nerve agents zahlukile kakhulu, ukuxilongwa kunokufuna uvavanyo oluninzi kunye novavanyo. Ugqirha wakho uza kuqala akubuze ngeempawu zakho kunye nembali yakho yezonyango . Emva koko baya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kunye nolwe-neurological.

Ukongeza, uvavanyo olulandelayo lunokucetyiswa:

• Uvavanyo lokuziphatha
• Uvavanyo lwegazi
• Uvavanyo lwengqondo
• I-Electroencephalogram (EEG)
• Uvavanyo lwamehlo
• Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso olufana ne-brain MRI scan
• Isifundo sokuqhuba imithambo-luvo kunye ne-electromyography (EMG)
• Uvavanyo lwe-neuropsychological kunye novavanyo
• Uhlalutyo lolwelo lomgogodla (CSF) lweCerebral (i-Spinal tap / i-Lumbar puncture)

Kwezinye iimeko, oogqirha basenokungakwazi ukufumana unobangela ochanekileyo weempawu zetyhefu yengqondo.

Zithini iindlela zonyango?

Iindlela zonyango zixhomekeke kakhulu kwiimpawu zakho kunye nohlobo lwe-neurotoxin oluzibangelayo. Unyango ludla ngokubandakanya ukususa okanye ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwityhefu, emva koko unyango okanye ukulawula iimpawu .

Iyintoni imbono? (Ingqikelelo)

Imbono yomntu one-neurotoxicosis ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka:

• Luhlobo luni lwe-nerve agent oluvezwe?
• Kungakanani ukubonakaliswa okwakukho?
• Ukuvezwa kwakhe kube lixesha elingakanani?
• Ingakanani ingozi eyenzekileyo kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo?
• Ubudala bakho kunye nempilo yakho iyonke

Ukuvezwa kwezinye izinto ezibangela imithambo-luvo kunokuba yingozi. Kwezinye iimeko, nokuba ukuvezwa kusongela ubomi, inkqubo yemithambo-luvo isenokungapholi ngokupheleleyo. Kwezinye iimeko, ukubuyiselwa ngokupheleleyo kunokwenzeka emva konyango.

Ukuphepha njani oku? (Ukuthintela)

Inyaniso kukuba, xa ucinga ngendlela ezi arhente zemithambo-luvo ezixhaphake ngayo kubomi bemihla ngemihla, kunzima ukuziphepha ngokupheleleyo . Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezimbalwa onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokwasulelwa yile ntsholongwane:

• Faka isixhobo sokubona i-carbon monoxide ekhayeni lakho, uze utshintshe iibhetri zaso kube kanye ngonyaka.
• Ungaze udibanise iimveliso zokucoca okanye iikhemikhali zasekhaya kunye. Ukwenza njalo kunokuba nemiphumo eyingozi, enokuba yingozi.
• Hlola ikhaya lakho ukuze ubone ezinye izinto ezinobungozi ezifana nelothe.
• Gcina iifestile zakho zivaliwe ngeentsuku apho umoya ungekho semgangathweni (umoya ongcolileyo kakhulu).
• Kuphephe ukusebenzisa iziyobisi notywala.
• Ukuba ukhulelwe, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuchatshazelwa zii-nerve agents kunye nendlela ezinokuthi zichaphazele ngayo ukukhula kwe-fetus.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuzikhusela wena nosapho lwakho kwezi arhente zemithambo-luvo asiloxanduva lwakho wedwa. Luxanduva oludibeneyo loorhulumente bakarhulumente nabasekhaya, iinkampani, kunye nabemi ngokufanayo. Amaziko afana neNational Institute of Environmental Health Services (NIEHS) ayaqhubeka nophando ngendlela okusingqongileyo kunye neearhente zemithambo-luvo ezichaphazela ngayo impilo yabantu.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Ubuthi be-neurotoxicity bunokubangelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo kwaye bunokubangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunzima ukuphepha zonke izinto ezibangela ubuthi be-neurotoxicity, kukho izinto onokuzenza ukuze uzikhusele wena kunye nosapho lwakho. Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho uneempawu ze-neurological, okanye ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nokuchatshazelwa zizinto ezibangela ubuthi be-neurotoxicity, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha. Balapha ukukunceda.

Ubuthi be - Neurological, Inkqubo ye-Neurological, Iityhefu, Iimpawu, Impilo yobuchopho, Uthintelo