Ngaba uhlala uneengcinga neemvakalelo ezifanayo? Masithethe nge-OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder)!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha usoloko uneengcinga ezifanayo? Okanye uhlala ujonga ukuba kukho into oyenzileyo okanye awenzanga? Umzekelo, izinto ezifana nokucima isitovu segesi okanye ukutshixa ucango. Ezi zizinto esinazo sonke ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile. Kodwa kwabanye abantu, ezi ngcinga kunye nezenzo abazithathayo xa bephendula kuzo zichaphazela ubomi babo bemihla ngemihla ukuya kwinqanaba apho bangakwaziyo ukusebenza. Kulapho kufuneka sicinge nzulu ngakumbi ngale meko. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-`(Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder)` okanye `(OCD)` kwisayensi yezonyango.

Yintoni i-OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder)? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, i-Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) yimeko apho uneengcinga eziphazamisayo (ezibizwa ngokuba zii-obsessions) eziphazamisayo neziphindaphindayo (ezibizwa ngokuba zii-compulsions) ukuze unciphise uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo olubangelwa zezo ngcinga. Ezi ndlela zokuziphatha ziphindaphindayo zinokuphazamisana nokusebenzisana kwakho nabantu kunye nokusebenza kwakho kwemihla ngemihla.

I-OCD idla ngokuba yimeko ehlala ubomi bonke (imeko engapheliyo), kodwa iimpawu zinokwanda okanye zinciphe ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Sonke sifumana inqanaba elithile 'lokuxhalaba' kunye 'nokunyanzelwa' ngaxa lithile ebomini bethu. Umzekelo, kuqhelekile ukujonga kabini ukuba isitovu sivaliwe, okanye ukujonga ukuba ucango lutshixiwe. Kwaye sihlala sithi izinto ezinje, "Ndingumntu othanda izinto ezininzi." Kodwa '(OCD)' ingaphezulu koko. Inokuchitha iiyure zosuku lomntu. Yonke imisebenzi eqhelekileyo yobomi iyaphazamiseka. Ezi 'kuxhalaba' ziingcinga ezingafunekiyo umntu ono-(OCD)' anazo angenakuzilawula. Kwaye abafumani lonwabo ngokwenza ezi 'kunyanzeliswa'.

Ngaba i-OCD kunye ne-OCPD zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo?

Abantu abaninzi bayawabhidanisa la magama mabini kuba avakala efana kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, `(Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - OCD)` kunye `(Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder - OCPD)` ziimeko ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo.

Ingxaki yokuzibamba ngokugqithisileyo (OCPD) yingxaki yobuntu ebonakaliswa kukuthanda ukugqibelela, umnqweno wokwenza yonke into ngocwangco, ngendlela esekwe kwimithetho, kunye nokuzama ukulawula yonke into.

Abantu abane-OCD badla ngokuzi ukuba iingcinga nezenzo zabo aziqhelekanga kwaye banengxaki. Bakwavuma nokuba bafuna unyango. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abane-OCPD badla ngokungacingi ukuba kukho into engalunganga ngokuziphatha okanye iinkolelo zabo.

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu yile meko ye-OCD?

Nabani na unokuba ne-OCD. Le meko idla ngokuqala malunga neminyaka eli-19 ubudala. Malunga nama-50% abantu abane-OCD babonakalisa iimpawu ebuntwaneni okanye ebusheni.

Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba umntu abe ne-OCD emva kweminyaka engama-40.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-OCD?

Isifo Sokuxhalaba Okugqithisileyo (OCD) sisifo esixhaphakileyo. Kuthiwa sichaphazela phakathi kwe-1.6% kunye ne-2.3% yabantu ngokubanzi eMelika. Baninzi abantu abanale meko eSri Lanka.

Ziziphi iimpawu ze-OCD?

Iimpawu eziphambili ze-OCD kukucinga izinto ezingafunekiyo (iingcinga ezingafunekiyo) kunye nokunyanzelwa (izenzo ozenzayo ukuphendula kuzo), esixoxe ngazo ngaphambili. Ezi mpawu zinokuphazamisana nokusebenza kwakho okuqhelekileyo. Umzekelo, ezi mpawu zinokukwenza ungakwazi ukufika emsebenzini ngexesha. Okanye ungathatha ixesha elide kunesiqhelo ukulungiselela ukulala ebusuku.

Usenokuqonda ukuba ezi mpawu ziyingxaki, kodwa awunakuzithintela. Iimpawu ze-OCD zinokuvela, ziphele, kwaye zibe zimbi okanye zibe ngcono ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho nifumana iimpawu ze-OCD ezichaphazela ubomi benu bemihla ngemihla, kungcono ukubona ugqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso.

Ukuzikhathaza (iingcinga ezingafunekiyo nezibangela uxinezeleko) ezenzeka kwi-OCD

Kwi-OCD, ukuxhalaba ziingcinga eziphazamisayo okanye imifanekiso yengqondo ongenakukwazi ukuyilawula kwaye ibangela uxinzelelo okanye ixhala eligqithisileyo. Abantu abaninzi abane-OCD bayazi ukuba ezi ngcinga azinangqiqo kwaye aziqhelekanga.

Eminye imizekelo eqhelekileyo 'yokuthanda izinto ezigqithisileyo' yile:

• Uloyiko olukhulu lokuchukumisa okanye ukugula ziintsholongwane, ukungcola, okanye ezinye izinto ezingcolileyo. Khawuthelekelele, uyoyika ukuchukumisa ucingo ebhasini, ukutshintsha imali evenkileni, okanye nokubambana ngezandla.
• Ukoyika ukuzenzakalisa okanye ukwenzakalisa abanye. Ngokukodwa, iingcinga ezinje, "Ukuba andilumkanga, ngaba ndiza kwenzakalisa umntu?" "Ukuba andilutshixi ucango, ngaba isela liza kungena lize lonakalise usapho?" Ngamanye amaxesha, kunokubakho noloyiko lokwenza into enobundlobongela abangenakuyilawula.
• Ukwakheka kweengcinga ezingafunekiyo nezingathandekiyo okanye imifanekiso yengqondo enxulumene nesondo engqondweni. Ezi zinto ziza ngaphandle kwemvume yomntu kwaye zibangela uxinzelelo olukhulu lwengqondo.
• Uloyiko olugqithisileyo lokwenza impazamo. Ukuba wenza impazamo, nokuba incinci, uya kuba neentloni ezinkulu.
• Ukucinga kakhulu ngokulungileyo nokungalunganga (isimilo). Ukucinga kakhulu ngayo yonke into, ubuza "Ingaba oku kulungile? Ingaba oku akulunganga?"
• Ndihlala ndiziva ndirhanela kwaye ndicaphukile.
• Imfuneko enkulu yokuba yonke into icwangciswe kakuhle, ilingane, kwaye ingenasiphako. Kunzima ukukholelwa ukuba neencwadi ezisetafileni kunye neempahla ezisekhabhathini ziyasuswa nokuba yimilimitha enye.
• Ukufuna rhoqo ukuqinisekiswa ngabanye. Ukubuza rhoqo, "Ndikwenze kakuhle oku?" "Ndicime isitovu?"

Iimvavanyo (izenzo eziphindaphindwayo) ezenzeka kwi-OCD

Kwi-OCD, ezi 'zinyanzeliso' zizenzo eziphindaphindwayo oziva unyanzelekile ukuzenza ukuze unciphise uxinzelelo kunye noloyiko olubangelwa 'zizinto ezigqithisileyo' ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili, okanye ukuze ufumane isiqabu kuzo.

Abantu abane-OCD abafuni ukwenza ezi zinto zinyanzeliswayo, kwaye abayonwabeli ukuzenza. Kodwa bavakalelwa kukuba ukuba abazenzi ezi zinto, uloyiko kunye noxinzelelo olubangelwa zezo ngcinga zibangela uxinzelelo luya kwanda. Kodwa ukukhululeka kwezi zinto zinyanzeliswayo kungokwexeshana. Emva kwexesha elithile, ezi zinto ziphindaphindwayo zibuya engqondweni, baze balingeke ukuba baphinde benze ezo zinto zinyanzeliswayo. Kufana nomjikelo.

Ezi 'zinyanzeliso' zichitha ixesha elininzi kwaye ziphazamisana nezinto ezibalulekileyo ozixabisayo. Ezi zenzo akufuneki zihambelane 'nokuthanda kwakho'.

Eminye imizekelo yile:

• Ukucwangcisa yonke into ngendlela ethile. Umzekelo, kufuneka ucwangcise izinto kunye neencwadi edesikeni yakho ngokulandelelana okufanayo nangendlela efanayo. Ukuba uyisusa kancinci, kuya kufuneka uqale phantsi kwakhona.
• Ukuhlamba rhoqo, ukucoca, ukuhlamba izandla. Abanye abantu bahlamba izandla zabo izihlandlo ezilishumi ukuya kwezilishumi elinesihlanu ngemini, behlikihla baze bahlikihle imizuzu embalwa.
• Ukufumbatha sisenzo sokuqokelela okanye ukuqokelela izinto ezingenaxabiso lomntu okanye lezemali. Izinto ezifana namaphephandaba amadala kunye neebhotile ezingenanto ziyafumbathwa kwaye azinakulahlwa.
• Ukujonga izinto ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ukujonga ukuba iingcango zitshixiwe na, izibane zicinyiwe, isitovu segesi sicinyiwe. Abanye abantu bayaphuma endlwini, bahambe umgama omfutshane, baze babuye bajonge.
• Ngalo lonke ixesha ndizama ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mntu wenzakalayo ngenxa yezenzo zakhe.
• Ukufuna rhoqo ukuqinisekiswa ngabanye.
• Amasiko anxulumene namanani. Umzekelo, ukwenza into inani elithile lamaxesha (njengokuyenza kathathu, ukuyenza kasixhenxe), okanye ukuthanda okanye ukuphepha amanani athile.
• Ukubiza amagama athile okanye imithandazo ngelixa usenza umsebenzi ongadibaniyo.

Izinto ezinyanzeliswayo zingabandakanya nokuphepha iimeko ezibangela ukuba umntu acinge kakhulu ngezinto azenzayo. Umzekelo, ukungavumi ukuxhawulana nabanye okanye ukuchukumisa izinto ezichukunyiswa ngabantu abaninzi, njengezibambo zomnyango.

Yintoni ebangela i-OCD?

Abaphandi abakayazi kakuhle into ebangela i-OCD, kodwa bacinga ukuba zininzi izinto ezibangela oku:

• I-genetics: Izifundo zibonise ukuba ukuba umntu kusapho (abazali, abantakwabo noodadewabo) une-OCD, abanye basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yile meko. Kwakhona, ukuba umntu kusapho lwakhe wayene-OCD ebuntwaneni okanye ebusheni, umngcipheko ungaphezulu nangakumbi.
• Utshintsho lobuchopho:Izifundo zomfanekiso zibonise ukuba abantu abane-OCD banotshintsho oluthile kwi-cortex yangaphambili kunye nezakhiwo ezinxulumene nayo ze-subcortical. I-OCD ikwanxulunyaniswa neemeko zemithambo-luvo ezichaphazela iindawo ezifanayo zobuchopho, njengesifo sikaParkinson, isifo sikaTourette, kunye nesifo sokuwa.
• I-PANDAS syndrome: I-PANDAS sisifinyezo segama elithi "izifo ze-neuropsychiatric ezibangelwa yi-autoimmune ezibangelwa zizifo ze-streptococcal." Ichaza iqela leemeko ezinokuchaphazela abanye abantwana abaye banesifo se-streptococcal bacterial, njenge-strep throat okanye i-scarlet fever. I-OCD yenye yezi meko.
• Ukonzakala ebuntwaneni: Ezinye izifundo zibonisa unxibelelwano phakathi kwamava okonzakala njengokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana kunye nokungahoywa kunye nokukhula kwe-OCD.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-OCD?

Akukho vavanyo luthile lokufumanisa i-OCD. Ugqirha uza kuyixilonga le meko emva kokukubuza ngeempawu zakho, imbali yezonyango, kunye nembali yempilo yengqondo. Oogqirha basebenzisa iindlela ezikwi-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-V) ukufumanisa i-OCD.

Ezo khrayitheriya ziquka:

• Ukuba 'neengcinga ezingafunekiyo' okanye 'ukunyanzelwa' (izenzo ezithathwayo ukuphendula kuzo), okanye zombini.
• Ezi 'zinto eziziintloko' okanye 'izinto ezinyanzeliswayo' zithatha ixesha elingaphezu kweyure ngosuku.
• Ezi zinto zibangela uxinzelelo olukhulu okanye ziphazamisane nemisebenzi yoluntu, yomsebenzi, okanye eminye imisebenzi ebalulekileyo ebomini.
• Ezi mpawu azibangelwa ziziyobisi, utywala, amanye amayeza, okanye enye imeko yomzimba.
• Ezi mpawu azinakuchazwa sisifo sengqondo esinye (umz., isifo sokuxhalaba ngokubanzi, ingxaki yokutya, ingxaki yomfanekiso womzimba).

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-OCD?

Isicwangciso sonyango esisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-OCD siquka unyango lwengqondo (unyango lokuthetha) kunye namayeza.

Ukuba olu nyango aluzithomalalisi iimpawu zakho ze-OCD kwaye iimpawu zakho zinzima, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa unyango olubizwa ngokuba yiTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

Unyango lwengqondo lwe-OCD

Unyango lwengqondo ziindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezikunceda ukuchonga nokutshintsha iimvakalelo zakho ezingalunganga, iingcinga kunye nokuziphatha. Usebenza neengcali zempilo yengqondo , ezifana nengcali yezengqondo.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwengqondo. Ezona ndlela zisebenzayo nezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-OCD zezi:

• Unyango Lokuziphatha Olusebenzisa Ingqondo (i-CBT):Kwi-CBT, ingcali yezonyango ikunceda uhlolisise kwaye uqonde iingcinga zakho neemvakalelo zakho. Kwiiseshoni ezimbalwa, i-CBT inokukunceda utshintshe iingcinga zakho eziyingozi, uyeke imikhwa yakho engeyiyo impilo, kwaye uqalise iindlela ezisempilweni zokujongana nemeko yakho. Khawuthelekelele ukuba unenkolelo yobuxoki engqondweni yakho, efana nokuthi "Ukuba ndichukumisa ucango, ndiza kugula," uze uzibuze ukuba yinyani na kwaye kukho na isiseko sesayensi saloo nto.
• Ukuthintela Ukuvezwa Nokuphendula (ERP): Oku kukwayinxalenye ye-CBT. Kule meko, ingcali yezonyango ikubonisa kancinci kancinci kwimeko okanye ingcinga eyoyikwayo, kodwa ayikuvumeli ukuba wenze isenzo sokunyanzela (isenzo esiphindaphindayo) osenzayo xa uphendula. Umzekelo, unokucelwa ukuba uchukumise into ocinga ukuba ingcolile, uze uyeke ukuyenza xa uzama ukuhlamba izandla zakho. Xa ukwimeko yoloyiko, kwaye akukho nto imbi eyenzekayo, uyaqonda ukuba iingcinga zakho ezoyikwayo ziingcinga nje, kwaye aziyonyani ngokwenene. Olu lunyango olunzima, kodwa olusebenzayo kakhulu kwi-OCD.
• Unyango Lokwamkela Nokuzibophelela (ACT): I-ACT ikunceda ukuba wamkele ukuba iingcinga zakho ezingapheliyo ziingcinga nje, kwaye unciphise amandla azo. Ingcali ye-ACT ingakunceda uphile ubomi obunentsingiselo nangona uneempawu ze-OCD. Oko kukuthi, endaweni yokulwa nezi ngcinga, ungazamkela ukuba ziza kuza zihambe kwaye zigxile kwizinto ezibalulekileyo ebomini bakho.

Iindlela zokuphucula ingqondo ezifana nokucamngca kunye neendlela zokuphumla zinokunceda ekulawuleni iimpawu.

Amayeza e-OCD

Amayeza abizwa ngokuba yiSerotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SRIs), iSelective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), kunye ne-tricyclic antidepressants anokunceda ukunyanga i-OCD. Asebenza ngokulinganisela umsebenzi we-neurotransmitter serotonin engqondweni.

Oogqirha badla ngokunika ii-SSRI ze-OCD. Ezi zihlala zinikwa ngeedosi eziphezulu kunezo zisetyenziselwa ukuxhalaba okanye ukudakumba. Ezinye zee-SSRI ezivunyiweyo yi-U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ziquka:

• `(Fluoxetine)`
• `(I-Fluvoxamine)`
• `(I-Paroxetine)`
• `(USertraline)`

Kungathatha phakathi kweeveki ezisi-8 ukuya kwezili-12 ukuba la mayeza aqale ukusebenza. Ngoko ke ungayeki ukuwasebenzisa ngequbuliso kuba engasebenzi. Kufuneka uqhubeke uwasebenzisa njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalele.

Ithini i-prognosis ye-OCD?

Imeko ye-OCD inokwahluka kumntu nomntu. I-OCD idla ngokuba yimeko yobomi bonke, enamaxesha okuxolelwa.

Nangona kunjalo, umgangatho wobomi babo bane-OCD abafumana unyango olufanelekileyo uphucuka kakhulu.Ubudlelwane babo nabantu, umsebenzi wesikolo, okanye ukusebenza kwabo emsebenzini nako kuyaphucuka.

Ukuba awufumani unyango, lo mjikelo wezinto ezibangela uxinezeleko kunye nokunyanzeliswa kuba nzima ukuwuphula nokuwunyanga, kuba ngokuhamba kwexesha, utshintsho lwesakhiwo lwenzeka engqondweni yakho. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho niqala ukuba neempawu.

Ndingayithintela na i-OCD?

Ngelishwa, akukho ndlela yokuthintela i-OCD. Nangona kunjalo, ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kunokunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo enayo ebomini bakho.

Ukuba ndine-OCD, ndingazinyamekela njani?

Ukongeza ekufuneni unyango lwe-OCD, ukuzinyamekela kunokukunceda ukulawula iimpawu zakho. Umzekelo:

• Lala kakuhle. Lala ubuncinane iiyure ezisi-7-8 ngosuku.
• Zilolonge rhoqo. Yenza into efana nokuhamba, ukubaleka, okanye ukudada.
• Yitya ukutya okunempilo. Yitya imifuno, iziqhamo, kunye nokutya okucocekileyo.
• Chitha ixesha nabantu obathandayo abakuxhasayo nabayiqondayo i-OCD yakho.
• Ziqhelise iindlela zokuphumla. Izinto ezifana nokucamngca, i-yoga, ukuphulula umzimba, kunye nokubona izinto ngeliso lengqondo.
• Joyina amaqela enkxaso kubantu abane-OCD. La maqela anokuba kwi-intanethi okanye ngobuso. Ukuthetha nabantu abaye badlula kwizinto ezifanayo nezakho kunokubanika amandla kakhulu.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha wam malunga ne-OCD?

Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho nifunyaniswe ukuba ninesifo i-Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, kuya kufuneka nibone ugqirha wakho kunye/okanye ingcali yezempilo yengqondo rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba unyango lwenu lusebenza kakuhle.

Ukuba usela amayeza e-OCD kwaye ufumana naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingathandekiyo, thetha nogqirha wakho ngaloo nto.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule yile: I-Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) sisifo sengqondo. Njengaso nasiphi na esinye isifo sengqondo, ukufuna uncedo ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba uqaphela iimpawu kunokunceda ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka ebomini bakho. Oogqirha kunye neengcali zempilo yengqondo banokubonelela ngezicwangciso zonyango ukukunceda ulawule izinto ozikhathazayo kunye nezinto ozinyanzelayo.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka uzazi (Umyalezo oya nawo ekhaya)

• Ingxaki yokuzibamba (OCD) yimeko yengqondo ebonakaliswa ziingcinga eziphazamisayo (obsessions) kunye nokuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo (compulsions) ukuze kuthomalaliswe uxinezeleko olubangelwa zizo.
• Oku akusiyonto sidla ngokuyithetha, "Ndicinga kakhulu ngomnye umntu," kodwa yinto enzulu ngakumbi nechaphazela ubomi bemihla ngemihla.
• `(OCD)` kunye `(OCPD)` zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.
• Nangona izizathu ezichanekileyo zingaziwa, ii-genes, utshintsho lobuchopho, izifo ezithile, kunye namava obuntwana zinokudlala indima.
• Unyango lwengqondo (ingakumbi i-'CBT' kunye ne-'ERP') kunye namayeza zezona ndlela ziphambili zonyango.
• Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kunokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.
• Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unale mpawu, musa ukuba neentloni okanye ukoyika ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha. Awuwedwa, kwaye ukufumana uncedo luphawu lwamandla.

I- OCD, Ingxaki Yokuxhalaba Ngokugqithisileyo, Impilo Yengqondo, Iingcinga Eziphazamisayo, Izenzo Eziphindaphindayo, Ixhala, Unyango