Usenokuba ukhe weva ngayo kwiphephandaba okanye kumabonwakude, ngomntu ofuna ukufakelwa izintso, okanye isigulana esifuna ukufakelwa isibindi? Xa sisiva into efana nale, siziva sibuhlungu kakhulu kwaye singenakunceda. Kodwa namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesipho esixabisekileyo esinokunikwa umntu onjengalo, oko kukuthi, isenzo esihle esinokunika ubomi obutsha. Oko kukunikela ngezitho zomzimba kunye nokufakelwa. Nangona le yingongoma ebucayi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nolwazi olufanelekileyo ngale nto.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni ukunikela ngezitho zomzimba kunye nokufakelwa kwazo?
Le yingcamango elula kakhulu. Ukunikela ngezitho zomzimba kunye nokufakelwa kwamalungu omzimba yinkqubo yokufakelwa kwamalungu omzimba ngotyando ukusuka kumntu ophilileyo ukuze kuthathelwe indawo ilungu lomzimba elingasebenzi kakuhle ngenxa yemeko yempilo. Khawuthelekelele ukuba umntu unezintso zombini ezingasebenzi kakuhle. Emva koko, ukuze kusindiswe ubomi baloo mntu, kufuneka kufakwe izintso eziphilileyo ezivela komnye umntu.
Kukho amaqela amabini aphambili apha. La 'nguMniki-mali' , oko kukuthi, umntu onikela ngesitho, kunye 'noMamkeli' , oko kukuthi, isigulana esifumana isitho. Lo mnikelo wesitho unokwenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili. Enye kukunikela ngesitho somntu oswelekileyo. Enye indlela kukunikela ngesitho somntu ophilayo. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunika ithuba lesibini lokuphila kumntu onesifo esinzima.
Yintoni enokunikelwa?
Uninzi lwamalungu omzimba wethu kunye nezicubu zomzimba zinokunikelwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntu omnye onikelayo unokusindisa ubomi obufikelela kwi-8 aze ancede abanye abamalunga nama-75 ukuba baphile kwakhona.
| Izinto ezinokunikelwa | Imizekelo |
|---|---|
| Amalungu abalulekileyo | Isibindi, Izintso, I-Pancreas, Intliziyo, Imiphunga, Amathumbu, Isibeleko |
| Ezinye izicubu | I-Cornea, iivalvu zentliziyo, umongo wamathambo, ithambo, ulusu, imisipha, iiligaments, i-cartilage, imithambo yegazi, imithambo-luvo, izandla, ubuso |
Unganikela na ngelixa usaphila?
Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo kunokwenzeka. Nokuba umntu ophilayo, osempilweni anganikela ngezitho zakhe zomzimba okanye amalungu athile.
- Intso: Ekubeni sinokuphila ubomi obusempilweni ngentso enye, sinokunikela ngentso enye.
- Inxalenye yesibindi: Ekubeni isibindi sinamandla okuphinda sivelise, inxalenye yesibindi esisempilweni inganikelwa. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, zombini izibindi zomnikeli kunye nezommkeli ziya kuphinda ziphile.
- Izicubu zokukhulelwa: I-placenta kunye ne-umbilical cord, ezikhutshwa emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe, zingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukutsha, njl. Ukuba ungumama okhulelweyo, ungathetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto.
- Kunqabile kakhulu, kunokwenzeka ukunikela ngenxalenye yemiphunga, ipancreas, okanye amathumbu.
Ngubani onokuba ngumnikeli wezitho zomzimba?
Enyanisweni, nabani na, nokuba uneminyaka emingaphi, unokuba ngumnikeli wezitho zomzimba okanye wezicubu zomzimba. Akukho mda uthile weminyaka. Nokuba umntu unesifo esithile, kunokwenzeka ukuba anikele ngezinye izitho zomzimba ezisempilweni nezihlunu zomzimba. Emva kokuba umntu eswelekile, oogqirha bahlola ngononophelo izitho zomzimba ukuze babone ukuba zifanelekile na ukufakelwa isitho.
Ukuba umntu ophilayo uba ngumnikeli, oogqirha baya kwenza uthotho lovavanyo olukhethekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lomntu. Ezi ziqinisekiso zilandelayo zihlala ziqwalaselwa:
- Ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-18 ubudala.
- Ukuba sempilweni entle emzimbeni kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wotyando.
- Ukuba sempilweni entle yengqondo.
- Ukubonisa ngentando yakho yokuzikhethela, ngaphandle kwempembelelo.
- Ukuhambelana kohlobo lwegazi nomntu ofumana igazi.
Ndingawubonisa njani umdla wam wokuba ngumnikeli wezitho zomzimba?
Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo kweli nqaku. Kwilizwe lethu, eSri Lanka, eyona ndlela ilungileyo nebaluleke kakhulu yokubonakalisa ukuzimisela kwakho ukunikela ngamalungu omzimba kukuxelela ngokucacileyo amalungu osapho lwakho asondeleyo (iqabane, umama, utata, abantakwenu noodadewabo) ngale ngcamango yakho intle.
Kumazwe afana neMelika, ungabhalisela oku xa ufumana ilayisenisi yakho yokuqhuba. Kodwa kwilizwe lethu, akukho nkqubo injalo okwangoku. Ke ngoko, ukuba ufuna ukunikela ngamalungu akho omzimba emva kokuba uswelekile, usapho lwakho kuya kufuneka lwenze isigqibo. Ukuba uthethe nabo ngale nto ngelixa usaphila kwaye wazisa iminqweno yakho, kuya kuba ngamandla amakhulu abanokuba nawo. Kwakhona, kuya kuthintela imibuzo engeyomfuneko kunye neengxabano zezimvo ukuba zingaveli ngelo xesha. Ungaxoxa ngale ngcinga intle nosapho lwakho kwaye ubazise ngayo.
Le nkqubo yenzeka njani?
Ukufakelwa amalungu omzimba yinkqubo enzima kakhulu nethatha ixesha elide, kwaye konke oku kwenzeka ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu, ngesiqhelo iiyure ezimbalwa.
1. Ukuchongwa kwabaNikeli
Ukunikezelwa kwamalungu omzimba kudla ngokwenziwa kwizigulana ezenzeke kakhulu ebuchotsheni kwaye zifile engqondweni (Brainstem death) . Kwimeko enjalo, nangona ingqondo ifile ngokupheleleyo, intliziyo kunye nezinye izitho zinokuqhubeka zisebenza ngoncedo lomoya ongeniswa ngoomatshini. Kwimeko ezinjalo, oogqirha bagqiba kwelokuba isigulana sifanelekile na ukunikezelwa kwamalungu omzimba.
2. Ukufumana Imvume
Ukuba umntu onikelayo sele eyazisile intsapho yakhe ngemvume yakhe, oogqirha baya kuyixelela. Ngaphandle koko, iqela lezonyango liza kuthetha nosapho, libazise malunga nokuba kunokwenzeka ukunikela ngezitho zomzimba, kwaye lifumane imvume yabo.
3. Ukufumana umamkeli ohambelanayo (Ukufanisa)
Inyathelo elilandelayo kukufumana umntu ofanele amalungu omzimba onikelayo. Oku kwenziwa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ngenkqubo yekhompyutha. Uhlobo lwegazi lomntu onikelayo, ubungakanani bomzimba, kunye nemeko yesitho zithelekiswa nolwazi lomntu ofumanayo, kwaye kukhethwa isigulana esifanelekileyo, esifuna isitho ngokukhawuleza.
4. Ukulungelelaniswa kotyando
Nje ukuba kuchongwe umntu ofanelekileyo oza kufakelwa isitho, iqela lokufakelwa isitho esibhedlele apho isigulane sikuyo liyaziswa ngoko nangoko. Ukuba bazimisele ukwamkela isitho, isibhedlele esinikelayo kunye nesibhedlele esiza kufakelwa isitho bayasebenzisana ukulungiselela amagumbi amabini otyando ngaxeshanye.
5. Ukubuyiselwa Kwamalungu Omzimba
Utyando lokususa amalungu omzimba lwenziwa ngentlonelo enkulu liqela loogqirha abaqeqeshwe ngokukodwa. Okubaluleke kakhulu, lwenziwa ngendlela engabangeli monakalo okanye ukonakala komzimba womnikeli, ngoko ke akukho ngxaki yokugcina umzimba uvulekile xa kungcwatywa (umngcwabo webhokisi evulekileyo). Emva koko, amalungu omzimba afakwa kwizikhongozeli ezinezisombululo ezikhethekileyo aze asiwe esibhedlele apho umntu ofumana amalungu omzimba afika khona ngokukhawuleza.
6. Ukufakelwa amalungu omzimba
Xa isitho sifika esibhedlele, umntu ofumana isitho ulungele utyando. Amanye amalungu (njengentliziyo) kufuneka asuswe emzimbeni aze atyalwe kwisithuba seeyure ezi-6. Xa utyando luphumelele, usapho lomntu onikelayo luyaziswa. Iinkcukacha zomntu onikelayo nomntu ofumana isitho zihlala ziyimfihlo.
Zithini iingenelo kunye neengozi zoku?
Iingenelo azimangalisi ngokwenene. Oku kuthetha ukusindisa ubomi babantu abaninzi. Leyo yeyona nzuzo inkulu. Kumntu onikelayo ophilayo, kukho iingozi eziqhelekileyo zalo naluphi na utyando (ezifana ne-anesthesia, usulelo). Kwakhona, ngamanye amaxesha kukho ithuba lokuba umzimba womntu ofumana le ngxaki uya kulandula ilungu elitshaliweyo (ukulahlwa kwe-organ transplant rejection) . Nangona oku kungenzeki rhoqo, kunokwenzeka. Le yingozi eyamkelwa ngumntu wonke obandakanyekayo kule nkqubo.
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphola emva kotyando?
Nokuba ungumnikeli ophilayo okanye ungummkeli wokufakelwa isitho, kungathatha naphi na ukusuka kwiinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintandathu ukuze uphile ngokupheleleyo. Kusenokufuneka uhlale esibhedlele iintsuku ezimbalwa okanye iiveki, kwaye kunokufuneka uthathe ikhefu lenyanga okanye ezimbini emsebenzini. Kungaba luncedo kakhulu ukuba nomntu onokukunceda ngemisebenzi yasekhaya ngeli xesha.
Ukulinda ukufakelwa amalungu omzimba yinto ebangela uxinzelelo olukhulu. Kodwa ngenxa yabantu abanjalo ababalaseleyo, yonke imihla, omnye umntu ufumana ithemba elitsha lokuphila.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukunikela ngamalungu omzimba yenye yezona zipho zixabisekileyo umntu anokusipha zona. Kufana nokunika omnye umntu isipho sobomi.
- Abantu abaphilayo nabafileyo banokuba ngabanikeli bezitho zomzimba. Umnikeli omnye unokunceda ekusindiseni ubomi babantu abaninzi.
- Ukuba unomdla wokuba ngumnikeli ngamalungu omzimba eSri Lanka, eyona nto ibalulekileyo omawuyenze kukwazisa ngokucacileyo amalungu osapho lwakho asondeleyo.
- Lonke eli qhinga lenziwa ngentlonipho nenkathalo epheleleyo liqela lezonyango. Akukho ntlonelo ngomzimba womnikeli.
- Ukuba ufuna ukwazi okungakumbi ngale nto okanye ungathanda ukuba ngumnikeli, thetha nosapho lwakho kunye nogqirha wakho ngayo.
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