Mhlawumbi uziva ubuhlungu okanye ukrwempa emqaleni ngamanye amaxesha, akunjalo? Ngokwesiqhelo, izinto ezinjalo ziyaphela kwiintsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu. Kodwa ngaba wakha wacinga ukuba ukuba unesilonda esibuhlungu okanye iqhuma elincinci entanyeni yakho elihlala iiveki, aqhelekanga? Ngamaxesha anjalo, kufuneka silumke kancinci. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko eqala ngeempawu ezinjalo, kodwa asithethi kakhulu ngayo, umhlaza owenzeka embindini womqala.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni umhlaza womlomo?
Eli ligama lesayensi kancinci, kodwa kulula kakhulu ukuliqonda. Umphimbo wakho, obizwa ngokwezonyango ngokuba yi-pharynx, yinxalenye ephakathi yawo, esiyibiza ngokuba yi-oropharynx. Ngokuchanekileyo, le ndawo ibandakanya umva womlomo wakho, kubandakanya iitoni zakho, umva wolwimi lwakho, kunye nenkalakahla ethambileyo. Xa iiseli kule ndawo ziqala ukukhula ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwaye zingalawuleki, ibizwa ngokuba yi -Oropharyngeal Cancer .
Oku kuwela kudidi lomhlaza wentloko nentamo. Nangona kukho unyango lwalo mhlaza, ngamanye amaxesha unokuphinda ubuye nasemva kokuba unyango lugqityiwe. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi oku.
Qaphela ezi mpawu.
Iimpawu zalo mhlaza ngamanye amaxesha zinokufana nezo zosulelo oluqhelekileyo lomphimbo, yiyo loo nto abantu abaninzi bengazinaki ekuqaleni. Kodwa ukuba ezi mpawu ziyaqhubeka, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha wakho.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, ukuba uziva ngathi unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, ungoyiki. Ayizizo zonke ezi mpawu ezibangelwa ngumhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, bubulumko ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.
| Uphawu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Umphimbo obuhlungu ongapheliyo | Umphimbo obuhlungu ohlala ixesha elingaphezu kweeveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu, nangona usela amayeza. |
| Ubunzima okanye intlungu xa uginya (i-Dysphagia) | Ukuva iqhuma emqaleni okanye intlungu xa uginya ukutya okanye isiselo. |
| Ukungakwazi ukuvula umlomo ngokupheleleyo (iTrismus) | Ukungakwazi ukuvula umlomo ngokufanelekileyo ngenxa yentlungu okanye ukuqina komhlathi xa uvula umlomo. |
| Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu | Ukuba ubunzima bomzimba wakho buyehla ngaphandle kwesizathu, nokuba awutyanga kakhulu okanye awuzilolongi. |
| Utshintsho kwilizwi | Ilizwi lakho liyaqhubeka litshintsha, njengokurhawuzelela nokutsha. |
| Intlungu yendlebe | Intlungu yendlebe engapheliyo engenalo naluphi na usulelo lwendlebe. |
| Iqhubu emqaleni okanye entanyeni | Iqhubu elinokuvakala ngaphakathi emlonyeni, ngasemva komlomo, okanye ngaphandle kwentamo. |
| Ukukhohlela igazi | Igazi elincinci okanye ukopha okune-mucus. |
| Amabala amhlophe emlonyeni okanye kulwimi | Amabala amhlophe aphuma kwiinwebu zomlomo okanye elulwimini kwaye awasuki nokuba sele kuqwalaselwe kakuhle. |
Kutheni le nto lo mhlaza uvela? Zithini izizathu eziphambili?
Ziliqela izizathu eziphambili zalo mhlaza eziye zachongwa.
1. I-Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Eyona nto iphambili neyona ixhaphakileyo yomhlaza we-Oropharyngeal namhlanje kukubaUsulelo lwe-HPV, ingakumbi uhlobo lwe-HPV 16. Xa le ntsholongwane ingena emizimbeni yethu, ezinye zeeproteni ezivelisayo ziphazamisana nomsebenzi wezakhi zofuzo ezilawula ukukhula kweeseli emlonyeni nasemqaleni wethu. Ngamafutshane, le ntsholongwane iyayicima 'ibhuleki' elawula isantya sokwahlukana kweeseli. Emva koko iiseli zinokuhlukana ngokungalawulekiyo zibe ziithumba ezinomhlaza.
2. Ukusetyenziswa kwecuba (icuba)
Ukutshaya iicuba, iicuba, kunye necuba lokuhlafuna nazo zezona zinto ziphambili ezibangela lo mhlaza. Iikhemikhali ezikwicuba zonakalisa iiseli ezibuthathaka emqaleni wakho. Ukuze ulungise ezi seli zonakeleyo, umzimba wakho uqala ukwahlula iiseli ngokukhawuleza kunesiqhelo. Xa iiseli zahlukana ngesantya esiphezulu, kukho ithuba elikhulu leempazamo ekukopisheni i-DNA yezo seli. Ezo mpazamo zezona ziqala iiseli zomhlaza.
3. Utywala
Ukusela utywala kungonakalisa iiseli zomqala. Ngokukodwa, utywala bunciphisa amandla eeseli okulungisa i-DNA yazo xa zonakele. Umntu osela utywala ngelixa etshaya usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana lo mhlaza. Kuba xa le mikhwa mibini idibene, umonakalo kwiiseli uphindaphindeka kabini okanye kathathu.
Ugqirha ufumanisa njani esi sifo kanye kanye?
Xa ubona ugqirha oneempawu ozikhankanyileyo apha ngasentla, uza kuqala akubuze ngeempawu zakho, imbali yezonyango, kunye nendlela ophila ngayo (njengokutshaya nokusebenzisa utywala).
Emva koko, umlomo wakho, umphimbo, kunye nentamo ziya kuhlolwa ngononophelo. Intamo yakho iya kuhlolwa ukuba akukho maqhuqhuva. Ngamanye amaxesha, isibuko esincinci kunye nokukhanya, okanye ityhubhu encinci, eguquguqukayo enekhamera eqhotyoshelweyo (i-fiberoptic scope) inokufakwa emlonyeni wakho ukuze kuhlolwe ingaphakathi lomphimbo wakho.
Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo?
Ukuba urhanelwa ukuba unomhlaza emva kweempawu kunye novavanyo lokuqala, ugqirha wakho uza kukuthumela ukuze uvavanywe ngakumbi.
- I-Endoscopic Biopsy: Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo lokuqinisekisa isifo. Kule nto, ityhubhu encinci enekhamera eqhotyoshelwe kuyo (i-endoscope) idluliselwa emphinjeni kwaye iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicwili liyasuswa kwindawo ekrokrisayo. Emva koko isicwili siyahlolwa phantsi kwemakroskopu kwilebhu ukuze kuchongwe ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza okanye intsholongwane yeHPV.
- I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography Scan): Olu vavanyo lunokufumanisa ubungakanani bethumba elinomhlaza kunye nokuba lisasazeke na kwizicwili ezingqongileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kungenziwa kunye ne-PET scan.
- I-MRI Scan (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan): Oku kunokuvelisa imifanekiso ecacileyo yezicubu ezithambileyo zomzimba, njengeetoni kunye nesiseko solwimi. I-MRI iluncedo kakhulu ekufumaneni ukuqonda okuchanekileyo ngobukhulu kunye nokusasazeka kwethumba.
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Unyango lwalo mhlaza luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka inqanaba lomhlaza, ubungakanani bethumba, imeko ye-HPV yomguli, kunye nempilo yakhe iyonke. Injongo ephambili yonyango kukususa ngokupheleleyo iiseli zomhlaza, ngaphandle komonakalo omkhulu kwindlela yokuthetha nokuginya.
1. Utyando
Ukuba umhlaza mncinane kwaye awukasasazeka, ukususwa kwesi sifo ngotyando lolona nyango luphambili. Okwangoku, kusetyenziswa indlela yotyando ephucuke kakhulu nengenabungozi kangako ebizwa ngokuba yiTransoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) kule meko.
Yintoni iTransoral Robotic Surgery (TORS)?
Kule meko, ugqirha ulawula ingalo yerobhothi aze angene emlonyeni wesigulana ukuze asuse amathumba anzulu emqaleni. Le ndlela isusa isidingo sokwenza umngxuma omkhulu entanyeni okanye ukusika umhlathi njengangaphambili.
| Iingenelo kunye nemiphumo emibi yotyando lwe-TORS | |
|---|---|
| Iingenelo | Iziphumo/Iingxaki Ezinokubakho |
| - Ixesha elincinci elichithwa esibhedlele. | - Ukopha okungaqhelekanga (ukopha igazi). |
| - Ukukwazi ukuchacha ngokukhawuleza. | - Ukutya nokusela okungena emiphungeni (i-aspiration). |
| - Umonakalo omncinci kwizicwili eziphilileyo ezijikelezileyo. | - Ubunzima bokuginya (dysphagia). |
| - Iingxaki ezimbalwa zexesha elide zokuthetha nokuginya. | - Ukulahlekelwa lilizwi ngokusisigxina okanye ubunzima bokuthetha. |
2. Unyango lweMisebe kunye neKhemotherapy
Ukuba ithumba likhulu, alinakususwa ngotyando, okanye ukuba umhlaza usasazekile, unyango lwemitha kunye ne-chemotherapy zisetyenziswa kunye okanye ngokwahlukeneyo.
- Ngaphambi kotyando: Ukwenza ithumba libe lincinci kwaye kube lula utyando.
- Emva kotyando: Ukutshabalalisa naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo.
- Njengonyango oluphambili: kwiimeko apho utyando lungenakwenzeka.
Olu nyango lunokonakalisa nezicwili ezisempilweni emqaleni, nto leyo enokubangela ubunzima bokuthetha nokuginya. Kusenokufuneka ufune uncedo kugqirha wengqondo.
3. Unyango olujoliswe kulo
Olu lunyango olutsha. Lubandakanya ukunika amayeza ajolise kwiproteni ethile enceda iiseli zomhlaza zikhule, zahlule, zisasazeke, kwaye zithintele ukusebenza kwazo. Ngamazwi alula, kufana nokunqumla 'ioyile' eya 'kwiinjini' zeeseli zomhlaza.
4. Unyango lwe-immunotherapy
Olu lunyango oluphambili kakhulu. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba inkqubo yomzimba wakho yokuzikhusela iyavuselelwa, kwaye ngayo, yenzelwe ukuqaphela nokutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Iiseli zomhlaza ngamanye amaxesha 'ziyazifihla' kwiinkqubo zethu zokuzikhusela. Okwenziwa lolu nyango kukususa loo 'maski' kwaye kuvumele iiseli zokuzikhusela ukuba ziwubone umhlaza.
Kwenzeka ntoni emva konyango? Ngawaphi amathuba okuchacha?
Umhlaza we-Oropharyngeal sisifo esinokunyangwa. Nangona kunjalo, kukho umngcipheko wokuphinda ubuye emva konyango. Ke ngoko , ukutyelela rhoqo ugqirha kubalulekile.
I-prognosis ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:
- Ukufunyanwa kwangoko: Njengakweminye imhlaza, okukhona oku kuqatshelwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye unyango luqala, kokukhona amathuba okuchacha aphezulu.
- Imeko ye-HPV: Okumangalisayo kukuba, izinga lokusinda kwabantu abafumana lo mhlaza ngenxa yosulelo lwe-HPV liphezulu kunabo bafumana umhlaza ngenxa yezinye izinto ezingezizo i-HPV, ezifana nokutshaya.
- Ukungatshayi: Abo bangatshayiyo kwaphela ngexesha nasemva konyango bafumana iziphumo ezingcono.
Simele senze ntoni ukuze sisinde kulo mhlaza?
Nangona lo mhlaza ungenakuthintelwa nge-100%, zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko.
1. Kuphephe ukosuleleka yi-HPV: Ngoku kukho isitofu esisebenzayo kakhulu kwintsholongwane ye-HPV, isitofu se-HPV. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokufumana esi sitofu uselula.
2. Yeka ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo: Ukuba utshaya, zama ukuyeka namhlanje. Ukuba ufuna uncedo, funa ingcebiso kagqirha.
3. Nciphisa utywala obuselayo: Ukuba usela utywala, yenza njalo ngokulinganisela. Ukudibanisa utywala nokutshaya kuyingozi kakhulu.
4. Indlela yokuphila enempilo: Ukutya ukutya okunesondlo esifanelekileyo kunye nokuzilolonga rhoqo kunokugcina amasosha omzimba wakho enamandla.
5. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwezonyango namazinyo: Ndwendwela ugqirha wakho kunye nogqirha wamazinyo ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka ukuze uhlole umlomo nomqala wakho. Oku kunokukunceda ubone naluphi na utshintsho kwangethuba.
Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha? Ngaba kufuneka ndiye kwi-ETU?
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho kunye nokulandela amaxesha okudibana naye ngononophelo emva konyango.
Ukuba ukhe watyandwa kwaye ufumana ezi mpawu zilandelayo, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
- Ifiva.
- Ububomvu, ukudumba, okanye iintlungu ezigqithisileyo kwindawo yotyando.
- Ulwelo olufana nobovu luphuma kwinxeba lotyando.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Musa ukuzityeshela iimpawu ezifana nomphimbo obuhlungu ongapheliyo, ubunzima bokuginya, utshintsho kwilizwi, okanye iqhuma entanyeni yakho. Ukuba ezi mpawu ziyaqhubeka kangangeeveki ezingaphezu kwezimbini, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha.
- Okwangoku, unobangela ophambili womhlaza we-oropharyngeal yi-HPV. Isitofu sokugonya se-HPV sinokunciphisa kakhulu le ngozi.
- Ukutshaya kunye nokusebenzisa utywala kakhulu zezona ntshaba zimbini zinkulu zalo mhlaza. Ukuyeka le mikhwa yenye yezona mali zinkulu onokuzityala.
- Ngoku kukho unyango oluphambili noluphumeleleyo lwalo mhlaza, oluquka utyando, unyango ngemitha, i-chemotherapy, kunye ne-TORS, i-Targeted Therapy, kunye ne-Immunotherapy.
- Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo kunokunceda ukunyanga esi sifo ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko ke, musa ukoyika, kwaye ukuba unamathandabuzo, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.
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