Ingaba amayeza owaselayo ayazonakalisa iindlebe zakho? Masithethe ngetyhefu ephuma emlonyeni!

Ngaba wakha wacinga ukuba amanye amayeza, ingakumbi lawo asetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezinzulu, anokonakalisa iindlebe zethu, oko kuthetha ukuva kwethu kunye nokulinganisela kwethu? Oku kunokwenzeka ngokwenene. Kwizonyango, le meko siyibiza ngokuba yi-ototoxicity. Ungakhathazeki, kubalulekile ukuqaphela oku. Makhe sithethe ngayo ngokweenkcukacha.

Yintoni i-ototoxicity?

Ngamafutshane, i-ototoxicity kukonakalisa indlebe yethu yangaphakathi njengesiphumo esingesihle samayeza athile. Ukuba sijonga intsingiselo yegama elithi "ototoxicity", elithi "oto" lithetha "indlebe" kwaye elithi "toxicity" lithetha "ityhefu". Oko kukuthi, imeko efana netyhefu yendlebe. Indlebe yethu yangaphakathi ineeseli zeemvakalelo ezibuthathaka kakhulu. Ezi seli zisinceda sive kwaye sigcine ibhalansi emzimbeni. Amanye amayeza, umzekelo, amayeza osulelo olunzima kunye namayeza ezifo ezifana nomhlaza, anokonakalisa ezi seli zeemvakalelo. Kulapho ke le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-ototoxicity isenzeka khona.

Zithini iimpawu ze-ototoxicity?

Ezi mpawu azibonakali ngendlela efanayo kubo bonke abantu. Ngamanye amaxesha iimpawu zinokuvela kwangoko emva kokuqala amayeza. Kwabanye, iimpawu zinokuvela kancinci kancinci. Okumangalisayo kukuba, amanye amayeza anokubangela ukuba ezi mpawu zibonakale ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka emihlanu emva kokuqala amayeza. Rhoqo, uphawu lokuqala kukuva isandi esikhalayo endlebeni. Kusenokuba ngathi umntu uthetha nomnye umntu, okanye isenokuba yisandi "esikhalayo" okanye isandi "esikhwazayo". Oogqirha babiza oku ngokuthi yi-tinnitus . I-tinnitus inokuba luphawu lokuqala lokulahlekelwa kukuva. Ezinye iimpawu ziquka:

• Ukulahlekelwa kukuva (kwindlebe enye okanye zombini).
• Ukuziva ngathi ulahlekelwa yibhalansi yakho xa uhamba, ingakumbi xa unyuka izinyuko.
• Ubunzima bokuhamba ebusuku okanye kwiindawo ezimnyama.
• Kufuneka uhambe iinyawo zakho zahlukene ukuze uhlale ulungelelene.
• I-Oscillopsia yimvakalelo yokuba izinto ezingashukumiyo zibonakala ngathi ziyajikeleza. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-oscillopsia .
• Ukuziva unesizungu, ngathi intloko yakho iyajikeleza, ngathi iingalo zakho ziyajikeleza, okanye uzive udiniwe.

Khawucinge nje ukuba bekuya kuba nzima kangakanani ukuba ngequbuliso uzive unesizungu xa usenza imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla, okanye ukuba uqalise ukutyhafa xa uhamba? Ezi ziimpawu ekufuneka siziqwalasele.

Oku kubachaphazela njani abantwana abancinci?

Ukuba le meko iyenzeka kubantwana abancinci, ingakumbi abo bakhule ngokwaneleyo ukuba bafunde ukuthetha, inokuba ngumqobo omkhulu ekufundeni nasekunxibelelaneni nabanye. Njengabazali, kufuneka siziqaphele ezi mpawu:

• Ubunzima bokuhlala ugxile, nokuba usesikolweni okanye xa ufunda enye into.
• Ukudinwa ngokukhawuleza xa kufuneka umamele ixesha elide.
• Ubunzima bokuqonda oko kuthethwa ngabanye, ukuba mathidala ukuthetha, okanye ukungathethi konke konke. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kungaba sisizathu sokuba umntwana alibazise ukuthetha.

Ukuba umntwana unomdla kakhulu wokufunda into ethile, kodwa ngequbuliso aphelelwe ngumdla kuyo, okanye ukuba uhlala esithi udiniwe, kufuneka ucinge ngale nto ngaphezu kokucinga nje ukuba yinto embi.

Kutheni le nto ibangela ubuthi obuyingozi emzimbeni?

Ngokutsho koogqirha, kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-200 zamayeza anokonakalisa indlebe yethu yangaphakathi (amayeza anobuthi). Amanye ala mayeza afuna ukunikwa ngugqirha. Kodwa amanye, umzekelo, amanye amayeza okudambisa iintlungu, angathengwa kwikhemesti ngaphandle komyalelo kagqirha.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba uninzi lwamayeza ekuthiwa ayingozi endlebeni ngokwenene ngamayeza abalulekileyo okusindisa ubomi. Umzekelo, amayeza omhlaza, okanye amayeza osulelo olukhulu lweentsholongwane. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, inzuzo yokusebenzisa amayeza, okukusindisa ubomi , ingaphezulu kakhulu kunomonakalo omncinci onokwenziwa endlebeni.

Kwakhona, amanye amayeza `(anobungozi)` adala ingozi kuphela xa ethathwa ngeedosi eziphezulu kakhulu. Asidli ngokuthatha iidosi eziphezulu kangaka. Kukho iindidi ezininzi eziphambili zamayeza anokonakalisa indlebe:

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane e-Aminoglycoside

Ezi luhlobo lwe-antibiotic olunikwa ukunyanga usulelo lweentsholongwane. Kunye namayeza okulwa nomhlaza, olu hlobo lwamayeza (aminoglycosides) luthathwa njengoyena nobangela uphambili we-ototoxicity. Nazi ezinye zemizekelo:

• `(Amikacin)`
• `(I-Gentamicin)`
• `(Kanamycin)`
• `( Neomycin )`
• `(I-Netilmicin)`
• `(I-Streptomycin)`
• `(Tobramycin)`
• `(I-Vancomycin)` (Oku ngamanye amaxesha kubandakanywa kolu didi)

Amayeza e-chemotherapy

Amayeza asetyenziswa ukunyanga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza. Ezinye zezi zinokuba yingozi ezindlebeni:

• `(Carboplatin)`
• `( Cisplatin )`

Ii-diuretics ezijikelezayo - "iipilisi zamanzi"

La ngamayeza anceda izintso ukuba zikhuphe ityuwa egqithisileyo kunye namanzi emzimbeni ngomchamo. Abanye abantu bawabiza ngokuba "ziipilisi zamanzi." Ezinye zezi ziquka:

• `(Bumetanide)`
• `(I-asidi ye-ethacrynic)`
• `( I-Furosemide )` (Eli liyeza eliyaziwa ngabantu abaninzi)
• `(I-Torsemide)`

Amanye amayeza kunye neekhemikhali

Nangona kunqabile, i-ototoxicity inokubangelwa yi:

• I-Quinine:Amayeza anikwa ukunyanga imalariya.
• Iisalicylates : Ezi zithomalalisi zentlungu ezithengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha. I-aspirin, esiyaziyo sonke, luhlobo lwesalicylate. Nangona kunjalo, xa ithathwa ngeedosi eziphezulu kwaye ixesha elide apho iingxaki zinokubakho khona.
• Iikhemikhali kwindalo esingqongileyo: Ngamanye amaxesha le meko inokubangelwa zizinto ezifana ne -mercury , i-tin, i-lead, kunye ne-carbon monoxide kwindalo esingqongileyo.

Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?

Umngcipheko wokufumana le meko yokutshiswa ziintsholongwane emzimbeni awufani kuwo wonke umntu. Ngokuxhomekeke kumayeza owasebenzisayo, ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela ezi zinto zinobungozi. Ezinye zezinto eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• Uhlobo lwamayeza owasebenzisayo: Amanye amayeza anobungozi obukhulu kunamanye.
• Idosi yeyeza: Ingakanani into omawuyithathe.
• Ixesha elingakanani lokuthatha iyeza.
• Nokuba kufuneka kusetyenziswe amayeza amaninzi anokuba yingozi ezindlebeni kunye. Ukuba kunjalo, umngcipheko unganda nangakumbi.

Ukongeza, izazinzulu zifumanise ukuba ii-genes zabanye abantu (i-DNA) nazo zinokuba nefuthe . Ngokukodwa, ukwakheka kwe-genetic (okanye isakhiwo) sabanye abantu kunokunyusa umngcipheko we-ototoxicity xa bethatha ii-antibiotics ezithile ze-aminoglycoside.

Iingxaki ezibangelwa yi-ototoxicity

Umonakalo owenzeka endlebeni engaphakathi obangelwa ngala mayeza "anobungozi" adla ngokuba "angenakuguqulwa" . Oko kuthetha ukuba iingxaki zokuva ezihlala ixesha elide kunye nokulinganisela zinokwenzeka. Ingakumbi kubantwana abancinci, ezi ngxaki zokuva zinokuthintela amandla abo okuthetha, ukufunda ulwimi, kunye nokuphuhlisa izakhono abazidingayo ukuze banxibelelane nabanye. Khawucinge nje, ukuba umntwana akakwazi ukuva amagama ngokufanelekileyo, uza kufunda njani ukuwasebenzisa loo magama ukuthetha? Nangona kunjalo, nokuba umonakalo awunakuguqulwa, oogqirha banokujonga imeko yakho, banyange iimpawu ukuba zivela, kwaye banike inkxaso efunekayo.

Ungayibona njani le meko?

Ukuba unezi mpawu, unokufuna ukubona ingcali yendlebe, impumlo, kunye nomqala (ingcali ye-otolaryngologist okanye ye-ENT) okanye ingcali ye-audiologist. Baza kwenza uvavanyo olwahlukeneyo ukuze bahlole indlebe yakho yangaphakathi, kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ugqirha wakho angavavanya ukuva kwakho kunye nokulinganisela ngaphambi kokuba akunike amayeza ekucingelwa ukuba anobuthi.Kwakhona, ungenza olu vavanyo rhoqo ngelixa usela amayeza. Ngale ndlela, ukuba kukho naluphi na utshintsho oluvela kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zeyeza, unokulubona ngokukhawuleza.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo?

Ukuze abone indlela esebenza ngayo indlebe yakho yangaphakathi, ugqirha wakho angenza uvavanyo olufana nolu:

• I-Audiogram: Oku kuvavanya indlela oziva ngayo izandi ezahlukeneyo, oko kukuthi izandi ezithambileyo, izandi eziphezulu, izandi eziphezulu nezisezantsi (iphimbo), kunye nendlela oqonda ngayo amagama.
• Uvavanyo lwe-Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR): Olu vavanyo luvavanya indlela umthambo wakho wokuva osabela ngayo kwizandi kunye nendlela loo mpendulo eya ngayo engqondweni.
• Uvavanyo lwe-Otoacoustic Emissions (OAEs): Izakhiwo ezintle kakhulu ezifana neenwele kwindlebe yangaphakathi (iiseli zeenwele kwi-cochlea) zikhupha iintshukumo ezicothayo kakhulu (iintshukumo zesandi) xa zisabela kwisandi. Olu vavanyo lulinganisa ezi ntshukumo ukuze lubone ukuba iiseli zisebenza kakuhle kangakanani.
• Ibhetri yovavanyo lweVestibular: Olu ayilovavanyo olunye, kodwa luluhlu lweemvavanyo zokujonga iingxaki zokulinganisela. Umzekelo, oku kungabandakanya iimvavanyo ezifana ne-`(Videonystagmography - VNG)` (ukubukela iintshukumo zamehlo), `(Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials - VEMPs)` (ukubukela iimpendulo zemithambo-luvo ebandakanyekayo ekulinganiseni), `(Rotary chair test)` (ukuvavanya ngelixa uhleli kwisitulo esijikelezayo), kunye ne-`(video Head Impulse Testing - vHIT)`.

Iphathwa njani i-ototoxicity?

Ngelishwa, ukuyeka amayeza abangela ityhefu akuwutshintshi umonakalo osele wenzeke. Nangona kunjalo, ukuyeka amayeza okanye ukunciphisa umthamo (ukuba kunokwenzeka) kunokunceda ukuthintela umonakalo ongakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko sele sitshilo, la mayeza abangela ityhefu adla ngokusindisa ubomi. Ke ngoko, ukuwayeka okanye ukwenza utshintsho olukhulu kwisicwangciso sakho sonyango akunakwenzeka rhoqo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ugqirha wakho uya kujonga indlela osabela ngayo kumayeza kwaye akuncede ulawule iimpawu zakho.

Izixhobo kunye neendlela zokunceda ukulawula iimpawu

Nangona umonakalo ungenakuguqulwa, kukho iindlela zokukunceda uphile neempawu:

• Izixhobo zokuncedisa ukuva: Ezi zixhobo zinceda abantu abanengxaki yokuva, ingakumbi abo banengxaki yokuva, ukuba beve izinto ngcono kwaye benze unxibelelwano lube lula.
• Ii-Cochlear implants: Ezi zizixhobo ze-elektroniki ezifakwa ngotyando ngaphakathi endlebeni. Zihlala zisetyenziselwa abantu abanengxaki yokuva kakhulu abangasabeli kakuhle kwii-hearing aid eziqhelekileyo.
• Ukuvuselelwa kwemithambo yegazi:Olu luqeqesho olukhethekileyo. Uza kusebenza nengcali yezonyango ezisebenzisa i-vestibular okanye ingcali yezonyango ukuze ufunde imithambo kunye neendlela eziza kunceda umzimba wakho ukuba uqhelane kwaye ujongane neengxaki zokulinganisela ezibangelwa ziingxaki zendlebe yangaphakathi. Oku kunokunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu ezifana nesiyezi kunye nobunzima bokuhamba.

Ngaba ukungcoliswa kwe-ototoxicity kungathintelwa?

Le meko ayisoloko ithintelwa ngokupheleleyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, kuyimfuneko ukunika amayeza anobuthi ukuze usindise ubomi bakho. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uzibona kwangethuba iimpawu, ugqirha wakho anokukunceda ngokukhawuleza kwaye mhlawumbi athathe amanyathelo okunciphisa umonakalo ongakumbi. Ukuba uthatha amayeza anokonakalisa iindlebe zakho, ugqirha wakho uya kukujonga rhoqo. Uya kukuxelela nokuba zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka uziqaphele kunye neempawu ekufuneka uzibone kugqirha ukuba uyazibona.

Le meko iza kuhlala ixesha elingakanani?

Ukonakala kwendlebe yangaphakathi okubangelwa yi-ototoxicity akunakuphikiswa . Oku kuthetha ukuba umonakalo uhlala uhleli. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, ugqirha wakho unokukwazi ukutshintsha isicwangciso sakho sonyango (ukuba kunokwenzeka) ukuze ayeke umonakalo ongakumbi kunye neempawu ukuba zingabi mbi. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba akunakwenzeka ukuyeka ukuthatha amayeza, ugqirha wakho uya kuphuhlisa isicwangciso sonyango sexesha elide ukukunceda ukulawula iimpawu zakho. Ngokuxhomekeke kwisifo sakho kunye namayeza owanikwe wona, ugqirha wakho uya kuthetha nawe malunga neengozi zokuthatha amayeza e-ototoxic.

Ndingazinyamekela njani mna nomntwana wam?

• Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neengozi kunye nemiphumo emibi yalo naliphi na iyeza olinikwayo. Musa ukoyika ukubuza imibuzo.
• Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho olutsha kwindlela ova ngayo, ibhalansi, okanye naziphi na ezinye iimpawu emva kokuqala amayeza ocinga ukuba ayingozi emzimbeni, nokuba awanabungozi kangako, bona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
• Ukuba ungumzali okanye umnakekeli onika umntwana omncinci la mayeza, qaphela kakhulu naluphi na utshintsho kumntwana wakho. Kunokuba nzima ukubona iimpawu kubantwana abancinci. Ukongeza ekujongeni iimpawu zeengxaki zokuva okanye zokulinganisela, qaphela naziphi na iimpawu zokuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokugxila okanye uhlala ediniwe. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukukhungatheka umntwana wakho akuvayo kusenokubangelwa yingxaki yokuva. Ukuba uneengxaki, bona ugqirha wakho ukuze akunike iingcebiso.

Iqala ngokukhawuleza kangakanani i-ototoxicity?

Iyahluka kumntu nomntu. Abanye abantu banokufumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwangoko xa beqala ukuthatha amayeza. Kwabanye, ezi mpawu zisenokungabonakali de kube yiminyaka emihlanu emva kokuqala unyango. Ezinye iindlela zonyango kunye namayeza zineziphumo ezibambezelayo. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuba novavanyo lokuva rhoqo olucetyiswa ngugqirha wakho ukuze ajonge ukuva kwakho.

Khumbula, uninzi lwamayeza anxulumene ne-ototoxicity, anje ngee-antibiotics kunye namayeza e-chemotherapy, abalulekile ebomini. Nangona enokubangela umonakalo kwindlebe engaphakathi, izibonelelo zokuwasebenzisa, nokuba kukunyanga isifo okanye ukusindisa ubomi, zingaphezulu kakhulu kuneengozi.

Ukuba usela amayeza aziwa ngokuba yingozi ezindlebeni zakho, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nazo naziphi na iimpawu ezilumkisayo ezinokuthi zivele endlebeni yakho yangaphakathi. Okukhona uqaphela utshintsho ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona ugqirha wakho anokukunceda ngokukhawuleza aze akunike isicwangciso sokhathalelo esifanelekileyo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka siyikhumbule! (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, makhe sijonge isishwankathelo sento esithethe ngayo ukuze sikuncede ukhumbule ezinye zezona ngongoma zibalulekileyo:

• I-Ototoxicity kukonakalisa indlebe yangaphakathi okubangelwa ngamayeza athile. Oku kunokuchaphazela ukuva kunye nokulinganisela.
• Lumka ngeempawu ezifana ne-tinnitus (ukukhala ezindlebeni), ukulahlekelwa kukuva, kunye nesiyezi.
• Nangona kukho iingozi xa usebenzisa amayeza asindisa ubomi, iingenelo zamayeza zihlala zingaphezulu kweengozi. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela iingozi.
• Ukuba unikwe amayeza anokubangela iityhefu emzimbeni, thetha nogqirha wakho ngawo kwaye uye kuvavanyo olucwangcisiweyo.
• Ukuba ubona naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha, nokuba zincinci, xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Unyango olukhawulezileyo lunokunceda ekuthinteleni ukuba imeko ingabi mandundu.

Luxanduva lwakho ukunyamekela impilo yakho. Siyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luza kukunceda wenze njalo!