Masifunde ngee-parathyroid glands zakho. Umsebenzi omkhulu owenziwa zezi qhawe zincinci!

Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngamadlala amancinci kakhulu, kodwa abaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Usenokuba awuzange uve okuninzi ngawo. La madlala abizwa ngokuba yi-parathyroid glands. Nangona enobukhulu obufana ne-pea, la madlala afana namaqhawe alawula amanqanaba e-calcium emzimbeni wethu. Masibone ukuba ziyintoni, zenzani, kwaye zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubangelwa zizo.

Zithini ezi glands ze-parathyroid?

Ngamafutshane, ii-parathyroid glands zakho zii-endocrine glands ezine ezincinci, ezinobukhulu be-pea-size ezifakwe ngasemva kwe-thyroid gland yakho entanyeni yakho. Ezi glands zivelisa kwaye zikhuphe i-hormone ebalulekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi -Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) . Le hormone inceda ukulawula inqanaba le-calcium egazini lakho. Akubalulekanga oko?

Zingaphi ii-parathyroid glands esinazo?

Uninzi lwabantu lunezi glands ze-parathyroid ezine. Kodwa ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuba abanye abantu banokuba nezine okanye ezingaphezulu. Akuyonto inkulu, nokuba linani elingakanani, lo gama nje zisebenza kakuhle.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngokwenene kwezi glands ze-parathyroid?

Iindlala zakho ze-parathyroid zinomsebenzi omnye ophambili: ukwenza i-parathyroid hormone (PTH) kwaye uyikhuphele egazini lakho. Le hormone, kunye nenye i-hormone ebizwa ngokuba yi-calcitonin (eveliswa yi-thyroid gland), isebenza ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo ubungakanani be-calcium egazini lakho. Cinga ngayo, i-calcium eninzi egazini lakho inokubangela iingxaki, kwaye incinci kakhulu inokubangela iingxaki. Ngoko ke le nkqubo kufuneka isebenze ngokufanelekileyo.

Kutheni i-calcium ibaluleke kangaka emizimbeni yethu?

I-calcium yiminerali ebaluleke kakhulu neqhelekileyo emzimbeni wethu. I-99% ye-calcium iyonke emzimbeni wakho igcinwa emathanjeni nasemazinyweni akho . Enye i-1% ijikeleza egazini. Nangona le yimali encinci, le calcium egazini ibaluleke kakhulu. Uyazi ukuba kutheni?

• Imithambo-luvo yakho kufuneka isebenze kakuhle . Cinga ngayo, xa ufuna ukuchukumisa into ethile, loo myalezo udlula kwimithambo-luvo. Oko kufuna i-calcium.
• Nceda izihlunu zakho ziqine kwaye zikuncede ushukume . Xa uphakamisa ingalo okanye uhamba, izihlunu ziyasebenza. I-calcium ibalulekile nakwelo thuba.
• Xa unenxeba kwaye uphuma igazi, nceda igazi liqhekeke . Kungenjalo, nenxeba elincinci linokuba yingxaki enkulu.
• Intliziyo yakho ifuna ikhalsiyam ukuze isebenze kakuhle . Izihlunu zentliziyo nazo zifuna ikhalsiyam ukuze zibethe kakuhle.

Jonga ukuba le calcium incinci inokwenza ntoni! Kwakhona, iVithamin D ibaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni amanqanaba ecalcium egazini. Kuba umzimba wethu udinga ivithamin D ukuze ufunxe icalcium ekutyeni. Sifumana ivithamin D ekukhanyeni kwelanga, kwaye ikwafumaneka nakwezinye ukutya.

Ziphi ezi glands ze-parathyroid?

Kubantu abaninzi (malunga nama-80%), la madlala mane e-parathyroid akwimo yebhabhathane entanyeni yakho, efihliweyo ngasemva kwayo. Ngokwesiqhelo, kukho amadlala amabini kumacala omabini "amaphiko" amabini e-thyroid gland.

Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ii-parathyroid glands zakho zingafumaneka entanyeni yakho, ecaleni komqala, okanye esifubeni sakho (ngokuthe ngqo , kwi-mediastinum, inxalenye ephakathi yesifuba). Oogqirha babiza ezi 'ectopic' parathyroid glands , oko kuthetha "kwindawo engaqhelekanga." Malunga ne-16% yabantu banokuba nezi 'ectopic glands'.

Ukuba ne-'ectopic' parathyroid glands akusoloko kuyinto ekufuneka uyixhalabele. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba enye okanye ezingaphezulu zazo zivelisa i-PTH eninzi kakhulu, kunokuba nzima kugqirha wakho ukuba azifumane ukuba kufuneka zisuswe ngotyando.

Zibukeka njani ii-parathyroid glands?

Iindlala zakho ze-parathyroid zincinci kakhulu – nganye ilingana nobukhulu kunye nokuma kwe-pea . Kodwa kwabanye abantu, ezi ndlala zinokuba namandla kakhulu kwaye zikhule.

Ziziphi iimeko ezichaphazela amadlala e-parathyroid?

Kukho iimeko ezimbini eziphambili ezinxulumene neendlala ze-parathyroid: i-hyperparathyroidism kunye ne -hypoparathyroidism . Makhe sithethe ngayo nganye.

Yintoni i-hyperparathyroidism?

Oku kwenzeka xa elinye okanye ngaphezulu kwamadlala akho e-parathyroid eba namandla kakhulu aze akhuphe i-parathyroid hormone (PTH) eninzi kakhulu. Oku kubangela ukuba amanqanaba e-calcium egazini lakho anyuke ngaphezu kwenqanaba eliqhelekileyo. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi -hypercalcemia .

Kukho iindlela ii-glands zakho ze-parathyroid ezinokuthi zenze ngayo ngokwendalo ii-hormone ezingaphezulu:

• Njengempendulo kwizifo ezithile.
• Ukuba awunayo iVitamin D eyaneleyo.
• Ukuba uneengxaki zokusebenza kwezintso, ukunceda ukugcina amanqanaba e-calcium egazini aqhelekileyo.

Oogqirha babiza le meko ngokuthi yi-secondary hyperparathyroidism . Ukuba le nkqubo iqhubeka ixesha elide, inokukhokelela kwezinye iingxaki zempilo, ezinje ngobuthathaka bamathambo.

Kwelinye icala, ngamanye amaxesha kukho ingxaki ngamadlala akho e-parathyroid ngokwawo (into echaphazela ngqo amadlala ngokwawo) enokubangela ukuba asebenze kakhulu, nto leyo enyusa amanqanaba e-calcium egazini lakho. Oku kubizwa ngoogqirha ngokuba yi-primary hyperparathyroidism .

Uninzi lwabantu abane-primary hyperparathyroidism ababi nazo iimpawu kuba i-hypercalcemia idla ngokufunyanwa kwangethuba, njengaxa uvavanyo lwegazi lwenziwa ngesinye isizathu.

Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu kunye/okanye ezinde ze-hypercalcemia, iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukuchama rhoqo.
• Ukoma okugqithisileyo (i-polydipsia).
• Ukudinwa .
• Intlungu yamathambo.
• Intloko ebuhlungu.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
• Ukuqhinwa.
• Ukuncipha komnqweno wokutya.
• Ukulibala, ukudakumba, okanye ukucaphuka .
• Iintlungu zemisipha, ubuthathaka, ukuqaqamba kunye/okanye ukuxhuzula.

Yintoni i-parathyroid adenoma?

I-parathyroid adenoma kukukhula okungenabungozi/okungenamhlaza , okufana nomhlaza omncinci, okhula kwelinye okanye ngaphezulu kwamadlala akho e-parathyroid. Le yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo ye-primary hyperparathyroidism. Ungakhathazeki, ayingomhlaza. Ngokwesiqhelo, ingxaki isonjululwa ngokususa umhlaza ngotyando.

Masifunde nangomhlaza we-parathyroid.

Umhlaza we-parathyroid unokubangela i-primary hyperparathyroidism. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunqabile kakhulu . Umhlaza we-parathyroid ubanga kuphela i-0.005% yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza. Kwakhona, ezi ntlobo zomhlaza zibanga phakathi kwe-0.5% kunye ne-1% yazo zonke izifo ezinxulumene neendlala ze-parathyroid.

Yintoni iHypoparathyroidism?

Le yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Okwenzekayo kukuba amanqanaba e-parathyroid hormone `(PTH)` egazini lakho ayancipha. Oku kubangela ukuba amanqanaba e-calcium egazini lakho ehle - sikubiza ngokuba yi -hypocalcemia - kwaye amanqanaba e-phosphorus egazini lakho anyuke - sikubiza ngokuba yi- hyperphosphatemia .

Malunga ne-75% yamatyala e-hypoparathyroidism abangelwa kukonakala ngengozi kwamadlala e-parathyroid ngexesha lotyando lwentamo okanye utyando lwe-thyroid . Ukongeza, inokubangelwa ziimeko ezithile zemfuza kunye ne-autoimmune.

Ngaphandle kokuba unobangela lutyando, i-hypoparathyroidism idla ngokukhula kancinci kancinci, ngoko ke iimpawu zisenokuba zincinci. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Ukurhawuzelela emilebeni, kwiiminwe, nakwiinzwane .
• Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha.
• Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha.
• Intlungu zesisu.
• "Inkungu yobuchopho" okanye ukudideka.
• Isingqisho sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga / i-arrhythmia.
• Izipikili ezithambileyo.
• Iinwele ezomileyo kunye nolusu olomileyo nolunamaxolo.
• IiCataracts.
• I-enamel yamazinyo ebuthathaka (ebantwaneni).

Ndingenza ntoni ukuze ndigcine amadlala am e-parathyroid esempilweni?

Ngenxa yokuba amadlala akho e-parathyroid akhuselekile kakuhle emva kwedlala lakho le-thyroid, awonakalanga lula. Akufuneki wenze nantoni na ekhethekileyo ukuze la madlala agcine esempilweni. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezimbalwa onokuzenza ukunceda amadlala akho e-parathyroid agcine amanqanaba e-calcium egazini lakho kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo:

• Qinisekisa ukuba ufumana ivithamin D eyaneleyo: Ivithamin D ibalulekile ekugcineni amanqanaba e-calcium egazini azinzile. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba ufuna ukuthatha isongezelelo sevithamin D. Oku kunokufumaneka ngokuchitha ixesha elithile elangeni emini.
• Qinisekisa ukuba ufumana i-calcium eyaneleyo ekutyeni kwakho: Ukunqongophala kwe-calcium emzimbeni wakho kunokubangela iingxaki ze-calcium egazini. Imithombo elungileyo ye-calcium ibandakanya ubisi, iyogathi, itshizi, imifuno eluhlaza, kunye neentlanzi ezincinci (ezityiwa ngamathambo). Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba ufumana i-calcium eyaneleyo ekutyeni kwakho kwemihla ngemihla, thetha nogqirha wakho okanye ingcali yokutya ebhalisiweyo.

Khumbula, la ngamacebiso nje. Ukuba uneempawu, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ufune ingcebiso kagqirha. Musa ukuzinyanga.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Iindlala zakho ze-parathyroid zincinci, kodwa zinamandla kwaye zibalulekile ekugcineni amanqanaba e-calcium egazini lakho ezinzile. Uninzi lwabantu alucingi ngazo - okanye luve ngazo - de kubekho into engalunganga. Ukuba uneempawu zamanqanaba aphezulu e-calcium egazini (hypercalcemia) okanye amanqanaba aphantsi e-calcium egazini (hypocalcemia), xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko . Banokwenza uvavanyo lwegazi olulula ukufumana unobangela kwaye banike unyango olufunekayo.

Ukuzazi ezi gland zincinci kubaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo yakho iyonke. Kuba inkonzo eziyenzayo buthule inkulu kakhulu! Hlala usempilweni!

Iindlala zeParathyroid , icalcium, i-parathyroid hormone, i-hyperparathyroidism, i-hypoparathyroidism, i-vitamin D, iihormone