I-COVID-19 iba njani intsha? Zeziphi ezi ntlobo zentsholongwane (ii-COVID-19 Variants)? Masifumanise ngokuchanekileyo!

Uyakhumbula indlela esasisoyika ngayo sonke xa kwaqala ubhubhane weCovid-19. Kwakukho iindaba ezintsha, izinto ezintsha. Emva kwexesha elithile, abantu baqala ukuthetha 'ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo' ezazahlukile kwintsholongwane yokuqala. Ubunokuva nokubona izinto ezifana neAlpha, iDelta, iOmicron kwiTV nakwiiphephandaba. Ngoko ke, abantu abaninzi bazibuza ukuba zeziphi ezi 'ntlobo ezahlukeneyo', zavela njani, kwaye ingaba ziyingozi ngaphezu kwentsholongwane yokuqala. Masithethe ngayo ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda, nangendlela enobuhlobo namhlanje, kulungile?

Masiqale sibone ukuba yintoni intsholongwane?

Ngamafutshane, intsholongwane yinto encinci kakhulu, engabonakaliyo. Kodwa ukuba sithetha ngokuchanekileyo, ayiphili kwaye ayiphili. Yinto engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Ezi ntsholongwane azinakuphila zodwa, oko kukuthi, azinakuphila okanye zizale zodwa. Ngenxa yoko, kufuneka zingene kwiseli ephilayo, nokuba sisilwanyana okanye ngumntu. Kufana nesela eliqhekeza indlu lize lisebenzise izinto ezikuloo ndlu. Emva kokuba intsholongwane ingene kwiseli, isebenzisa izixhobo ezikuloo seli ukwenza iikopi zayo, oko kukuthi, amawaka eentsholongwane ezintsha. Yileyo ndlela intsholongwane esasazeka ngayo ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu.

Ngoko ke ezi ntsholongwane zitshintsha njani? Masifunde ngokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo.

Khawuthelekelele usenza iikopi eziliwaka zephepha elifanayo kwi-photocopyer. Ngaba ikopi nganye iphuma ifana nqwa neyokuqala? Hayi, akunjalo? Ngamanye amaxesha iikopi zinokwahluka kancinci. Mhlawumbi ichaphaza elincinci linokuvela ngaphezulu, okanye unobumba usenokungacaci kakuhle, okanye umbala ungohluka kancinci. Yiyo loo ndlela iintsholongwane ezibonakala ngayo.

Xa intsholongwane isuka kwenye iseli iye kwenye, oko kukuthi, xa isenza iikopi zayo, ngamanye amaxesha kwenzeka iimpazamo ezincinci kwinkqubo yokukopa. Oku kubizwa ngokuba 'ziinguqu' kwezonyango. Ezi nguqu ziinguqu kulwazi lwemfuza yentsholongwane, oko kukuthi, isicwangciso esisisiseko sentsholongwane. Ezi nguqu zinokuba zincinci kakhulu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba ziinguqu ezinkulu nezibalulekileyo. Ayizizo zonke iinguqu eziluncedo kwintsholongwane. Ezinye iinguqu zinokuyenza buthathaka intsholongwane, ngelixa ezinye zinokuyenza yomelele kwaye isasazeke ngokukhawuleza.

Ngoko ke, yintoni le 'ntsholongwane eyahlukileyo'?

Xa intsholongwane ifumana utshintsho olunye okanye ngaphezulu, nto leyo ebangela isizukulwana esitsha seentsholongwane ezahluke kakhulu kwintsholongwane yokuqala, siyibiza ngokuba 'yinguqulelo' . Ngamafutshane, sisalamane esisondeleyo sentsholongwane yokuqala, kodwa sinomahluko omncinci ngenxa yezo nguqu. Olu mahluko lunokubangela ukuba indlela yokuziphatha kwenguqulelo entsha, efana nesantya sokusasazeka kunye nobunzima beempawu, yahluke kwintsholongwane yokuqala.

I-coronavirus ebangela i-COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) nayo iye yatshintsha, okanye yatshintsha izinto, ekuhambeni kwexesha. Kuye kwavela iintlobo ezintsha ezininzi ngexesha lobhubhane. Usenokuba ukhe weva nge-Alpha, i-Delta, kunye ne-Omicron.Njengo. Nganye kwezi zibonise umahluko othile kwintsholongwane yokuqala. Umzekelo, xa kwafika uhlobo lweDelta, imeko yezigulane yaba mandundu kancinci. Xa kwafika uhlobo lwe-Omicron, lwasasazeka ngokukhawuleza.

Uzibiza njani ezi ntlobo zeentlobo?

Xa kuchongwa uhlobo olutsha lwentsholongwane, kufuneka lunikwe igama. Ngaphandle koko, kunokuba yinto edidayo kakhulu kwizazinzulu, oogqirha, kunye noluntu ukuba bathethe ngalo. I-World Health Organisation (WHO) ikhokela ekunikeni la magama. Basebenzisa oonobumba besiGrike (umz., i-alpha, i-beta, i-gamma, i-delta). Olu luhlu lwamagama olucwangcisiweyo luthetha ukuba nokuba ukuphi na emhlabeni, wonke umntu unokuluqonda ngokucacileyo uhlobo olufanayo ngaphandle kokudideka.

Ezi ntlobo zintsha zahluke njani kwintsholongwane yokuqala?

Xa kuvela uhlobo olutsha lwentsholongwane, lunokwahluka kwintsholongwane yokuqala ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi:

• Ukusulelana: Ezinye iintlobo ezintsha zinokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza nangokulula phakathi kwabantu kuneentsholongwane zokuqala okanye ezinye iintlobo. Oko kuthetha ukuba umntu omnye osulelekileyo unokusasaza esi sifo kubantu abaninzi abasempilweni. Usenokukhumbula indlela uhlobo lwe-Omicron olusasazeka ngayo ngokukhawuleza phakathi kwabantu xa lwaqala ukubonakala. Kwaxelwa ukuba lusasazeka kakhulu kunezinye iintlobo.
• Uhlobo kunye nobunzima besifo: Iimpawu zezinye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, umphimbo obuhlungu, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla, zinokwahluka kwezo zentsholongwane yokuqala. Kwakhona, ukugula okubangelwa zezinye iintlobo kunokuba nzima ngakumbi, kufuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nokufa. Ungakhumbula ukuba xa kwafika uhlobo lweDelta, abantu abaninzi babenexesha elinzima, kwaye nezibhedlele zazigcwele.
• Iigonyo kunye nendlela esisabela ngayo kumayeza: Sifumana iigonyo zokukhusela kwi-COVID-19. Ezi gonyo zenzelwe ukujolisa kwintsholongwane yokuqala okanye kwiintlobo eziphambili ezazikho ngelo xesha. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintlobo ezintsha zisenokungaphenduli kakuhle kwiigonyo esizifumeneyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukhuseleko olubonelelwa yigonyo lunokuncipha kancinci (ukusebenza kakuhle kwegonyo). Kwakhona, ezinye iindlela zonyango ze-COVID-19 zisenokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezi ntlobo zintsha. Esi sesona sizathu siphambili sokuba izazinzulu zihlale zijonga ezi ntlobo.
• Ukuphinda Usulele: Ezinye iintlobo zinokubangela ukuba umntu osele ephilile kwi-COVID-19 aphinde agule. Okanye nomntu ogonywe ngokupheleleyo unokuphuhlisa usulelo olutsha (usulelo oluphambili). Oku kungenxa yokuba utshintsho olukuhlobo olutsha lwenza kube nzima ukuba inkqubo yethu yomzimba ilubone njengentsholongwane entsha, okanye ngenxa yokuba ukhuseleko lwangaphambili alwanele.

Kutheni kuvela iintlobo ezintsha ezifana nale?

Lo ngumbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Ngalo lonke ixesha intsholongwane isasazeka phakathi kwabantu, oko kukuthi, ngalo lonke ixesha idluliselwa komnye umntu iye komnye, loo ntsholongwane inethuba lokwenza amawaka eekopi zayo. Kuxa kwenziwa iikopi ezinjalo apho amathuba 'okuguquka' esithethe ngako ngaphambili anda khona.

Ngamafutshane, okukhona intsholongwane isasazeka kuluntu, kokukhona amathuba okuba kubekho utshintsho olutsha kwaye kuza kuvela iintlobo ezintsha.

Oko kuthetha ukuba okukhona silawula ukusasazeka kwentsholongwane, kokukhona amathuba okuba iintlobo ezintsha nezinokuba yingozi ziya kuvela. Yiyo loo nto ukunxiba iimaski zobuso, ukuhlamba izandla rhoqo, ukugcina umgama phakathi kwabantu, ingakumbi ukufumana imijovo, kuqhubeka kubalulekile. Oku kunciphisa amathuba okusasazeka kwentsholongwane.

Ngoko ke sizikhusela njani kwezi ntsholongwane?

Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, izinto ezifanayo esizenzileyo ukuzikhusela kwi-coronavirus yokuqala ziya kusinceda sikhuseleke kwezi ntlobo zintsha. Ungakhathazeki, sisenalo ulawulo. Nokuba intsholongwane itshintsha, amanyathelo ethu okhuseleko awayi kutshintsha kangako.

"Eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba, nokuba loluphi uhlobo lwentsholongwane, kukho imikhwa elula yemihla ngemihla esinokuyenza ukuzikhusela thina kunye nabantu esibathandayo."

Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni na:

• Fumana imijovo yakho ye-COVID-19 ngexesha: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Izazinzulu zihlala zihlaziya imijovo ukuze zilungele iintlobo ezintsha. Ngoko ke ukufumana imijovo ehlaziyiweyo okanye iidosi zokunyusa kunika ukhuseleko olungcono kwiintlobo ezisasazekayo ngoku. Abanye banokucinga, 'Ndizifumene zonke izitofu zangaphambili, kutheni ke ndifumana enye?' Kodwa cinga ngayo, kufana nokuhlaziya isoftware kwiifowuni zethu. Njengoko intsholongwane itshintsha, umjovo kufuneka utshintshe ukuze uhlale uhambelana nawo. Nangona umjovo ungenakuthintela i-100% yabantu ekuguleni, unokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokugula, ukulaliswa esibhedlele, nokufa.
• Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo ngesepha namanzi: Oku kuqhelekile kuzo zonke izifo, kodwa ngenxa yobhubhane we-COVID, siye saqonda ixabiso laso ngakumbi. Yeyona ndlela ilungileyo nelula yokubulala iintsholongwane ezinokuba sezandleni zethu. Sifanele sithambise isepha namanzi kuzo zonke iindawo zezandla zethu ubuncinane imizuzwana engama-20 (malunga nexesha elithathayo ukucula ingoma ethi "Happy Birthday" kabini). Ungasebenzisa nesicoci sezandla esisekelwe kutywala xa isepha ingafumaneki. Zingaphi izihlandlo ngemini esichukumisa ubuso bethu ngokungazi? Ngalo lonke ixesha sichukumisa izandla zethu, ukuba kukho intsholongwane kuzo, inokungena ngokulula emzimbeni ngamehlo, impumlo, nangomlomo.
• Zivavanye ukuba kuyimfuneko kwaye uhlale ekhaya ukuba uneempawu: Ukuba uneempawu ocinga ukuba zinokuba yi-COVID-19, ezinje ngomkhuhlane, ukukhohlela, impumlo egobhozayo, umphimbo obuhlungu, okanye ukuphefumla nzima, fumana uvavanyo lwe-COVID-19 ngokukhawuleza.Oko kuthetha ukufumana uvavanyo lwe-Rapid Antigen okanye uvavanyo lwe-PCR. Kwakhona, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala ekhaya kwaye uhlale kude nabanye abantu ukuze ungosuleli abanye. Nokuba unesifo somkhuhlane, ucinga ukuba 'ngumkhuhlane nje' kwaye uphume nabanye abantu, ukuba yi-Covid, uya kosulela abanye abantu abaninzi ngokungazi.
• Qinisekisa ukuba umoya ungena kakuhle emakhayeni, kumagumbi nakwiindawo zokusebenza: Ukuvula iingcango neefestile kunciphisa uxinano lweengceba ezibhabha emoyeni ezinokuba nentsholongwane. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezixineneyo nezigqunywe ngaphakathi. Ukuba umoya oqulethe intsholongwane uvaleleke kwindawo enye, wonke umntu okuloo gumbi unethuba elikhulu lokuwuphefumla. Kufana negumbi elizele ngumsi. Xa iifestile zivuliwe, loo moya ungcolileyo uyaphuma kwaye umoya omtsha, ococekileyo uyangena. Oku kunciphisa uxinano lwentsholongwane.

Ngoko ke, zeziphi izinto esifanele sizikhumbule kweli bali? (Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya)

Kulungile, sithethe kakhulu ngee-COVID-19 Variants. Ndiyathemba ukuba ufumene ukuqonda emva kokuva konke oku. Okokugqibela, nazi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• Iintsholongwane zihlala zitshintsha kancinci, okanye 'iinguqu' . Le yinkqubo yazo yendalo, kwaye asinakuyithintela.
• Ezi zizukulwana zintsha zeentsholongwane ezitshintsha ngolu hlobo zibizwa ngokuba 'zii-variants' . Sibone iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezinjalo kulo lonke ubhubhane we-COVID-19.
• Ezi ntlobo zintsha ngamanye amaxesha zinokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza, zibangele ukugula okuqatha, kwaye zinciphise impendulo kwiigonyo . Kodwa ayizizo zonke iintlobo eziyingozi ngakumbi.
• Into ebalulekileyo kukuba kukho izinto ezilula, kodwa ezisebenzayo kakhulu esinokuzenza ukuze sizikhusele kwezi ntlobo zezifo. Izinto ezilula ezifana nokufumana imijovo ngexesha, ukuhlamba izandla rhoqo, ukuhlala kude nabanye abantu ukuba uneempawu, ukuhlala kwiindawo ezinomoya ococekileyo, kunye nokunxiba imaski ukuba kuyimfuneko kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu.
• Musa ukoyika, kodwa lumka. Lumka ngolwazi lwesayensi oluvelayo malunga nezifo ezibulalayo kunye neentlobo ezintsha zezifo. Fumana ulwazi kuphela kwimithombo ethembekileyo. Landela iingcebiso zonyango.

Khumbula, ukuba sonke sisebenzisana kwaye sinoxanduva, singalawula olu hlobo lwezifo ezibulalayo. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye amathandabuzo malunga noku, ungaze woyike okanye ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha wakho wosapho okanye igosa lezempilo lasekuhlaleni.

I- Covid-19, Iinguqulelo zeVirus, Utshintsho kwiMizimba, iCoronavirus, Isitofu sokugonya, uKhuseleko, uMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi, iWHO