Yintoni ugqirha weplastiki? Bangakunceda njani?

Xa usiva igama elithi 'utyando lweplastiki', mhlawumbi ucinga ngento eyenziwa ngabadlali kunye nabadlali ukuze babukeke bebahle, akunjalo? Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha weplastiki yingcali edlula lee koko kwaye idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Namhlanje, masithethe ngokuba ngubani kanye kanye ugqirha weplastiki, benza ntoni, kwaye loluphi uncedo onokulufumana kubo.

Ngubani lo gqirha wotyando lweplastiki? Wenza ntoni?

Ngamafutshane, ugqirha ohlinzayo weplastiki ngugqirha ogxile ekulungiseni ukwenzakala okanye iziphene zokuzalwa ezichaphazela inkangeleko okanye ukusebenza kwemizimba yethu. Basebenzisa zombini iinkqubo zokwakha kunye nezobuhle . Khawucinge nje, aba gqirha banokulungisa amalungu omzimba awonakaliswe sisifo esinzulu njengomhlaza, okanye bancede umntu abonakale engcono.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ugqirha ohlinzayo ngomzimba ngumntu ongapheleli nje ekukwenzeni ube mhle, kodwa okuncedayo nokuzisa ithemba elitsha ebomini bakho.

Zeziphi iindawo zomzimba aziqhelileyo?

Ubuchule bogqirha weplastiki bufikelela kwiindawo ezininzi zomzimba, kuquka:

• Indawo yesifuba nesifuba.
• Imimandla engaphandle, njengeengalo , imilenze, iintende, kunye neenyawo .
• Izitho zangasese zangaphandle , ezifana nepenis, amasende, kunye nelungu lobufazi.
• Iindawo zobuso , umzekelo, umlomo, ubuso, iindlebe, intloko, nentamo.
• Ulusu .

Zeziphi iimeko ezilungiswa ngugqirha weplastiki?

Kulungile, ngoku makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi iimeko ezifuna uncedo logqirha wezonyango. Oku kunokwahlulwahlulwa kube ngamacandelo aliqela.

Iziphene zokuzalwa

Ngamanye amaxesha abantwana bethu bafika kweli hlabathi beneeyantlukwano ezincinci. Rhoqo, ugqirha wezonyango unokubalungisa.

• Imilebe nencakuba eqhekekileyo: Mhlawumbi ukhe wayibona okanye wayiva le nto. Umntwana uzalwa enencakuba encinci emlonyeni ophezulu okanye ngaphakathi emlonyeni, okanye emlonyeni ophezulu .
• Ukwahluka kwezandla ezizalwa nazo: Abanye abantwana banokuzalwa benezahluko ezithile kwiminwe yezandla zabo.
• I-Craniosynostosis: Amathambo enza ukhakhayi lomntwana ayadibana ngaphambi kokuba ingqondo yomntwana ikhule.
• I-Hypospadias: Imeko apho umngxuma ophuma kuwo umchamo kwipenisi kumakhwenkwe ufumaneka ngaphantsi kwepenisi ye-glans endaweni yokuba ubekwe encamini.
• I-Microtia (uphuhliso olupheleleyo okanye olungaphelelanga lwendlebe): Ukusilela kwendlebe enye okanye zombini ukuba zingaphuhli kakuhle.
• Ngokwe-Syndactyly: Iminwe emibini okanye ngaphezulu okanye iinzwane zizalwa ulusu ludibene.

Kwiimeko ezinje, ugqirha weplastiki angenza utyando aze ancede umntwana aphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo.

Umonakalo obangelwe ziingozi (Ukwenzakala)

Ubomi buzele zizinto ezingalindelekanga. Ezinye iingozi zinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu emizimbeni yethu. Nangona kunjalo, uncedo lukagqirha weplastiki alunakuthelekiswa nanto.

• Ukutsha: Le yinto abantu abaninzi abaye bahlangabezana nayo. Oogqirha botyando lweplastiki banyanga yonke into ukusuka ekutshiseni okuncinci ukuya ekutshiseni okukhulu okusongela ubomi.
• Amanxeba antsonkothileyo: Amanxeba amakhulu anzima ukuphola.
• Ukusikwa kwezicubu ezibuthathaka: Ukwenzakala kwiindawo ezibuthathaka kakhulu njengezandla, iinyawo, imilebe, iinkophe, impumlo, amalungu esini, okanye imithambo-luvo.
• Ukuqhekeka kobuso: Amathambo obuso anokwaphuka ngenxa yezinto ezifana nokulwa, ukuwa, kunye neengozi.
• Amanxeba aphazamisana nokunyakaza: Amanye amanxeba amakhulu anokwenza kube nzima ukuhambisa ilungu lomzimba ngokufanelekileyo. Amanxeba anjalo anokulungiswa.

Ukwakhiwa kwakhona komhlaza

Ukulwa nomhlaza akulula. Ngamanye amaxesha, ngexesha lotyando lokunyanga umhlaza, kufuneka kususwe amalungu omzimba. Xa oko kusenzeka, kunokuba nempembelelo enkulu engqondweni yomntu. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ugqirha wezonyango angayakha kwakhona inxalenye esusiweyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

• Umhlaza wentloko nentamo
• Umhlaza webele: Abafazi abaninzi bayakhiwa kwakhona emva kokuba besusiwe amabele abo ngenxa yesi sizathu.
• Umhlaza weColoral
• Umhlaza we-gynecologic
• Umhlaza wolusu
• Umhlaza wamatyhalarha
• Umhlaza wesisu

Ufunda njani ukuba ngugqirha weplastiki?

Ukuba ngugqirha wotyando lokulungisa umzimba akuyonto ilula. Kufuna ukuzinikela okukhulu kunye nemfundo yexesha elide.

Okokuqala, kufuneka ugcwalise i-Doctor of Medicine (MD) okanye i-Doctor of Osteopathy (DO). Oogqirha be-Osteopathy banyanga izigulana ngendlela epheleleyo, becinga ngengqondo, umzimba, nomoya.

Emva koko, kufuneka bagqibe iminyaka emithandathu yokufunda utyando lweplastiki. Ngeli xesha, bafunda iindlela zotyando oluqhelekileyo kunye neendlela zotyando lweplastiki. Enye indlela kukugqiba iminyaka emihlanu yokufunda utyando oluqhelekileyo, baze bachithe eminye iminyaka emithathu befunda ngokukodwa utyando lweplastiki.

Emva kokugqiba olu qeqesho, banokuthatha uviwo olukhethekileyo baze babe "nesiqinisekiso sebhodi".Ukuze babe ngugqirha wotyando lweplastiki, kufuneka baqhubeke nokufunda izinto ezintsha (i-Continuing Medical Education - CME) ukuze bagcine esi siqinisekiso.

Luluphi uqeqesho olukhethekileyo olunikwa ngoogqirha beplastiki?

Emva kokuhlala apho, ugqirha ohlinzayo ngeplastiki angagqiba omnye unyaka woqeqesho olukhethekileyo ('ubudlelane') ukuze abe yingcali egqwesileyo kwicandelo elithile. Ezi ndawo ziquka:

• Ukuhombisa umzimba
• Utyando lweMicrosurgery: Utyando lwenziwa kwizinto ezincinci kakhulu ezifana nemithambo yegazi kunye nemithambo-luvo kusetyenziswa imakroskopu.
• Utyando lwe-cranioso okanye lwe-craniomaxillofacial
• Utyando lobuhle
• Utyando lwesandla
• Utyando lokutsha

Ngaba ugqirha weplastiki kunye nogqirha wezinto zobuhle ngabantu ababini abahlukeneyo? Okanye ngaba bangumntu omnye?

Oku kuyinto edida abantu abaninzi. Utyando lobuhle kunye notyando lokwakha ngokutsha zizinto ezimbini zecandelo elikhulu elifanayo elibizwa ngokuba lutyando lweplastiki.

Ngamafutshane, ugqirha wotyando lokulungisa umzimba unceda abantu ababonakala, imilo, okanye umsebenzi womzimba wabo oye wachaphazeleka yimeko yempilo (ezifana neziphene zokuzalwa, ingozi, okanye umhlaza).

Ugqirha wezinto zokulungisa ubuso unceda abantu abafuna ukuphucula okanye ukuphucula inkangeleko yabo, kunokuba bancede ngezizathu zonyango.

Bonke oogqirha abatyanda iplastiki bafunda ngotyando lobuhle ngexesha loqeqesho lwabo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba abanye oogqirha bafuna ukwenza utyando lobuhle kuphela, bafumana uqeqesho olukhethekileyo olongezelelweyo kuloo ndawo.

Kodwa nantsi into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyiqaphele. Abanye ababoneleli ngeenkonzo zempilo banokuqinisekiswa kuphela ngotyando lobuhle. Nangona kunjalo, basenokuba abazange bafumane uqeqesho olusemthethweni ngotyando lokulungisa iplastiki, kwaye basenokungaqinisekiswa yintlangano eyaziwayo njengeBhodi yaseMelika yotyando lokulungisa iplastiki endikhankanyileyo ngaphambili. Ke ngoko, ukuba ucinga ngotyando, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphanda ngokucokisekileyo ngeziqinisekiso zogqirha.

Benza ntoni oogqirha abasebenzisa iplastiki? Zeziphi iindlela abazisebenzisayo?

Oogqirha abasebenzisa iplastiki basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukuphilisa ukwenzakala okukhulu, ukuphucula ukusebenza komzimba, nokubuyisela inkangeleko yendalo. Makhe sijonge ezimbalwa zazo.

• Utyando lweMicrosurgery: Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa imakroskopu ukwenza utyando oluncinci kakhulu nolunobuthathaka. Umzekelo, ukuba ufuna ukuphinda udibanise umthambo wegazi omncinci kakhulu okanye umthambo wegazi oqhawuliweyo, le ndlela iyasetyenziswa.
• Ukulungiswa kweprosthesis:Le yinkqubo yokulungisa indawo ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe i-prosthesis kwinxalenye yomzimba elahlekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, kusetyenziswa inxalenye enikelweyo okanye inxalenye eyenziweyo. Oku kudla ngokusetyenziswa ekwakheni kwakhona amabele (ii-implants zamabele).
• Ukufakelwa kwesikhumba: Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ngale nto. Khawuthelekelele ukuba unenxeba elikhulu emzimbeni wakho, mhlawumbi ukutsha. Emva koko, oogqirha bathabatha iqhekeza elincinci lesikhumba kwenye indawo ephilileyo yomzimba wakho, mhlawumbi ithanga lakho, baze balifake enxebeni. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukufakelwa kwesikhumba esitsha kuya kudibana nemithambo yegazi apho kwaye inxeba liya kuphola.
• Iiflaps: Oku kuquka ukuthatha ulusu, amafutha, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha izicwili ezivela kwenye indawo yomzimba womntu uze uzidlulisele kuloo ndawo, nokuba emva kokususa ithumba okanye ukugquma inxeba elikhulu elibangelwe yingozi.
• Utyando lwe-flap lwasimahla (`ukudluliselwa kwezicubu zasimahla`): Oku kufana ne-flap, kodwa apha indawo yesikhumba, amafutha, kunye/okanye izicubu zahlulwe ngokupheleleyo kunikezelo lwegazi lwazo lokuqala, zisiwe kwenye indawo yomzimba, kwaye ziqhagamshelwe kwimithambo yegazi kwindawo entsha.
• Ukwandiswa kwezicubu: Le yinkqubo enomdla kakhulu. Khawucinge ngesixhobo esifana nebhaluni esibekwe phantsi kolusu lwakho, sizaliswe yityuwa, size solulwe kancinci. Emva koko, kutyando lwesibini, ibhaluni iyasuswa kwaye ulusu olusoluliweyo lusetyenziswa ukuvala umngxuma omkhulu. Le nkqubo ikwasetyenziswa ekwakheni kwakhona amabele.
• Ukhathalelo oluntsonkothileyo lwamanxeba: Oku kubalulekile kubantu abanezilonda ezinkulu, ezinzima ukuphola. Oogqirha beplastiki banokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvala inxeba ngaphandle kwamanxeba amaninzi. Basebenzisa izinto ezifana notyando lwe-microsurgery kunye nokufakelwa kwesikhumba.

Zeziphi iinkqubo zobuhle ezenziwa ngoogqirha beplastiki?

Nazi ezinye zeendlela zotyando lobuhle ezifundwa ngoogqirha beplastiki ngexesha loqeqesho lwabo lwezonyango:

• Ukuphucula ubuso: Kuqinisa ulusu lobuso oluwohlokayo xa lukhula, nto leyo enika inkangeleko yobutsha.
• Ukuphakamisa ibunzi: Le nkqubo inciphisa imibimbi ebunzini kunye namashiya agugileyo, kwaye iphakamisa ibunzi.
• Utyando lwe-eyelid (`Blepharoplasty`): Ulusu olugqithisileyo, inyama, kunye namafutha ayasuswa kwiinkophe.
• I-Rhinoplasty: Impumlo iphinda ibunjwe, nokuba kukuphucula inkangeleko yayo okanye ngenxa yezizathu zonyango.
• Ukufakelwa iinwele: Iinwele zithathwa kwezinye iindawo zomzimba zize zifakwe kwiindawo ezinempandla entlokweni.
• Izinto ezifakwayo: Iimveliso ezifana neBotox® okanye iJuvaderm® zifakwa ebusweni ukuze kuncitshiswe imibimbi.
• Iileyiza:Iilaser zisetyenziselwa ukususa umaleko ophezulu wolusu ('amaxolo'), ukususa iinwele ezingafunekiyo, kunye nokunyanga imithambo yegazi emincinci efana nemithambo yesigcawu.
• Ukusuza Amanqatha: Ukusuza Amanqatha kususa amafutha kwiindawo ezingenakuncitshiswa nangona uzilolonga kwaye utya ukutya okunempilo.
• Ukwandisa amabele: Kunceda ukwandisa ubukhulu kunye nokuma kwamabele.
• Ukunciphisa amabele: Kwabo bangakhululekanga ngamabele amakhulu, amabele ancitshiswa ngokususa amafutha, ulusu, nezinye izicwili.
• Ukuphakamisa amabele: Amabele athambileyo ayaphakanyiswa aze akhiwe ngokutsha ukuze abonakale eselula ngakumbi.
• Ukuma komzimba: Ukubumba iindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba nokuqinisa ulusu olugobileyo.
• Ukususwa kwesisu: Kususa amafutha amaninzi kunye nolusu esiswini.
• Ukuphakamisa iingalo: Kuqinisa ulusu olugobileyo kwiingalo.
• Ukuphakamisa ithanga: Kunika amathanga imbonakalo yobutsha.
• Ukuphakamisa amanqe (`Ukuphakamisa umzimba`): Kuqinisa ulusu olugobileyo kwindawo yamanqe.
• "Utshintsho lukaMama": Ingqokelela yotyando olukunceda ubuyisele inkangeleko yomzimba wakho ngaphambi kokuba ubeleke.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa udibana nogqirha weplastiki okokuqala?

Ukuba ufuna ukubona ugqirha otyandayo, into yokuqala ekufuneka uyenze kukufumana ugqirha onokumthemba kwaye onokuthetha naye . Utyelelo lwakho lokuqala lelona xesha lifanelekileyo lokumazi ugqirha kwaye uxoxe ngeendlela zakho zotyando. Ugqirha uza kukubuza ngembali yakho yezonyango aze enze uvavanyo lomzimba ukuze afumanise ukuba yintoni efanelekileyo kuwe.

Ukuze ufumane okuninzi kule ntlanganiso, cinga ngezi zinto:

• Buza imibuzo malunga namava kagqirha ngotyando alucebisayo kuwe.
• Funda ngeengozi, iingenelo, kunye nento onokuyilindela emva kotyando kwinketho nganye.
• Zisa iifayile, amanqaku, kunye neengxelo ezivela koogqirha bakho bangaphambili. Oku kuya kwenza kube lula kugqirha otyandayo ukuba acwangcise unyango olukufaneleyo.
• Qaphela imbali yakho yezonyango, ezinye izifo onazo, kunye namayeza owasebenzisayo .
• Cinga ngononophelo ngento oyilindeleyo kolu tyando uze uxelele ugqirha ngokucacileyo.

Ibalulekile kuwe (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ugqirha weplastiki yingcali eyenza utyando olwahlukeneyo ukubuyisela ukusebenza komzimba nokuphucula inkangeleko. Ungacela uncedo kuye ukuba unesifo okanye wenzakele kakhulu. Ungafumana nogqirha weplastiki ukuze alungise iimpawu zobuso okanye iindawo ezithile zomzimba.

Khumbula, oogqirha abalungisa iiplastiki baqeqeshwe kakhulu, ngoko ke uneendlela ezininzi zonyango onokukhetha kuzo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufumana ugqirha omthembayo nofanelekileyo. Xa uqala ukudibana nogqirha wakho, mbuze yonke imibuzo yakho kwaye ukhethe ugqirha ofanelekileyo kunye nesicwangciso sonyango esihambelana neemfuno zakho. Emva koko ungangena kunyango lwakho unoxolo lwengqondo.

Utyando lweplastiki , utyando lobuhle, utyando lokwakha ngokutsha, ugqirha wotyando lweplastiki, ukufakelwa ulusu, ukwakhiwa ngokutsha komhlaza, iziphene zokuzalwa