Sonke sivile ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamayeza ezifo ezahlukeneyo, akunjalo? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngodidi olwahlukileyo lwamayeza. La abizwa ngokuba yi-'Protease Inhibitors'. Usenokuba awuzange uve ngeli gama, kodwa olu hlobo lwamayeza lubalulekile ekulawuleni usulelo olukhulu lwentsholongwane olufana ne-HIV/AIDS, i-Hepatitis C, kunye ne-COVID-19. Ngoko makhe sijonge ukuba zithini ezi, zisebenza njani, kwaye zeziphi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzazi ngazo.
Ngamafutshane, ziintoni ezi zithinteli zeprotease?
Ngamafutshane, ii-protease inhibitors luhlobo lwamayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga usulelo lwentsholongwane . Umsebenzi wazo ophambili kukuthintela intsholongwane ekubeni izenzele iikopi zayo xa sele ingene emzimbeni wethu, oko kuthetha ukuba ayinakusasazeka ngakumbi. Eli yeza ngokuyintloko 'liyayithintela' intsholongwane ekubeni isasazeke.
Eli yeza laziwa kakhulu njengeyeza lokulwa nentsholongwane elisetyenziselwa ukulawula i-HIV/AIDS. Likwasetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-hepatitis C kunye ne-COVID-19.
Ngamanye amaxesha ezi protease inhibitors zinikwa zodwa (i-monotherapy). Kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi, zinikwa kunye nezinye iziyobisi ezilwa neentsholongwane. Oku kwenzelwa ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle konyango. Kule meko, zikwabizwa ngokuba yi-"booster".
Zeziphi iimeko eziphambili ezinyangwa ngale mithi?
Udidi lwamayeza abizwa ngokuba yi-protease inhibitors luvunyiwe ukunyanga izifo ezithile zentsholongwane. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi.
| Imeko yezonyango | Kusetyenziswa kwanjani |
|---|---|
| I-HIV/AIDS | Xa benyanga i-HIV, oogqirha banika la mayeza edwa okanye kwi-"cocktail" kunye namanye amayeza amaninzi. Olu didi lonyango lubizwa ngokuba yi -antiretroviral therapy (ART) . Ngamanye amaxesha asetyenziswa ukuthintela usulelo emva kokuvezwa yintsholongwane (post-exposure prophylaxis). |
| I-Hepatitis C | Izithinteli zeprotease zisetyenziswa njengenxalenye yeendibaniselwano zamayeza okulwa neentsholongwane ukunyanga ngokupheleleyo usulelo lwe-hepatitis C. |
| I-COVID 19 | Oogqirha bacebisa indibaniselwano yee-protease inhibitors ezimbini (umz. iPaxlovid®) ukunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo esibi esibangelwa lusulelo lwe-COVID-19. |
Lisebenza njani eli yeza?
Ukuze sikuqonde oku, masithathe umzekelo omncinci. Khawucinge ukuba intsholongwane ngumzi-mveliso owenza uthotho olude lweeproteni. Ukuze usebenzise olu thotho lude emsebenzini, kufuneka lunqunyulwe lube ziingceba ezincinci nezisebenzayo. 'Izikere' ezikhethekileyo ezisetyenziswa yintsholongwane kolu thotho zii-enzymes ezibizwa ngokuba zii-'proteases' .
Ngoko ke, into eyenziwa ludidi lwamayeza abizwa ngokuba yi-'Protease Inhibitors' kukuyekisa ukusebenza kwezo 'zikere'. Kufana nokubuthuntuza izikere. Emva koko intsholongwane ayinakunqumla iziqwenga zeproteni eyidingayo. Ngenxa yoko, intsholongwane ayinakukwazi ukwenza iikopi ezintsha zayo ize yosulele iiseli zethu.
Ziziphi iintlobo ze-protease inhibitors?
Ngenxa yokuba intsholongwane nganye ine-enzyme yayo ye-protease, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-protease inhibitors zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-HIV, i-hepatitis C, kunye ne-COVID-19. Kukwakho nendlela elula yokuzibona.
- Amagama amayeza asetyenziswa ukunyanga i-HIV adla ngokuphela ngo -"-navir" .
- Amagama amayeza asetyenziselwa i-hepatitis C adla ngokuphela ngo -"-previr" .
Izithinteli zeProtease zeHIV
Ezi zithintela i-enzyme ye-protease ebizwa ngokuba yi-HIV-PR, esetyenziswa yintsholongwane ye-HIV ukwenza iikopi zayo.
- I-Atazanavir
- I-Darunavir
- IFosamprenavir
- I-Indinavir
- I-Lopinavir
- INelfinavir
- I-Ritonavir
- I-Saquinavir
- I-Tipranavir
Izithinteli zeProtease zeHepatitis C
Ezi zithintela i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuba yi-NS3/4A serine protease, esetyenziswa yintsholongwane ye-hepatitis C ukwenza iikopi zayo.
- I-Boceprevir
- I-Glecaprevir
- I-Grazoprevir
- I-Paritaprevir
- I-Simeprevir
- I-Telaprevir
Izithinteli zeProtease zeCOVID-19
I-Paxlovid® yindibaniselwano yee-protease inhibitors ezimbini, i-nirmatrelvir kunye ne-ritonavir, ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-COVID-19.
Ndingayikhetha njani iyeza elifanelekileyo kum?
Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba la mayeza angandinceda ngantoni.Ngugqirha wakho kuphela onokuthatha isigqibo. Uza kuqwalasela izinto ezininzi xa ekhetha amayeza afanelekileyo kuwe.
- Loluphi usulelo oluthile lwentsholongwane olunalo?
- Impilo yakho iyonke kunye nezinye iimeko zempilo onokuba nazo (umz. isifo seswekile, isifo sentliziyo).
- Zeziphi ezinye amayeza ozisebenzisayo ngoku (njengoko kusenokubakho ukusebenzisana phakathi kwazo).
- Ngaba wakha wasebenzisa amanye amayeza ale meko ngaphambili?
- Impumelelo yamayeza ixhomekeke kuhlobo lwentsholongwane osulelwe yiyo.
- Malunga nemiphumo emibi enokubakho okanye iingxaki ezibangelwa liyeza.
Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuchaza ngokucacileyo onke amayeza owasebenzisayo kunye nazo naziphi na ezinye iimeko zempilo onazo xa undwendwela ugqirha wakho. Oku kunokunciphisa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinzulu.
Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye neenzuzo zala mayeza?
Njengayo nayiphi na imithi, i-protease inhibitors ineengenelo kunye nemiphumo emibi.
Iingenelo eziphambili
- Njengenxalenye yonyango lwe-ART kumntu osuleleke yi-HIV, inceda ukugcina ubungakanani bentsholongwane ye-HIV emzimbeni bukwinqanaba elingabonakaliyo.
- Inceda ekunyangeni usulelo lwe-hepatitis C.
- Inceda ekuthinteleni ukuba usulelo lwe-COVID-19 lungabi mandundu.
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zixhomekeke kwiyeza olisebenzisayo, amanye amayeza owasebenzisayo, kunye nemeko yakho yempilo. Kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto kwaye uhlale unolwazi.
| Uhlobo lwesiphumo esibi | Imizekelo |
|---|---|
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhele ukubonwa | |
| Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo | Intlungu yesisu, isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza, urhudo |
| Ukuqhambuka kwesikhumba | |
| Ukukhwehlela, ukudinwa, incasa engaqhelekanga emlonyeni | |
| Amatye ezintso | |
| Utshintsho kwindlela esasazwa ngayo amafutha emzimbeni (lipodystrophy) | |
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinzulu ezifuna ingqalelo ekhawulezileyo | |
| Iingxaki ezinzulu | Ukonakala kwesibindi, ukopha ngaphakathi |
| Isifo solusu esinzima esinamaqhuqhuva abuhlungu nadumbileyo (iStevens-Johnson syndrome) | |
| Amanqanaba aphezulu eswekile egazini (i-hyperglycemia), amanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol (i-hyperlipidemia) | |
| Uhlaselo lwentliziyo (i-myocardial infarction), iingxaki ngenkqubo yombane yentliziyo | |
Ndingenza ntoni ukuze unyango lube lula?
Ngelixa usenza olu nyango, kukho izinto ezininzi onokuzenza ukunciphisa ezinye zeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga nokwenza unyango lube lula.
- Sela amayeza akho kanye njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele, ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ngedosi efanelekileyo. Musa ukulibazisa idosi enye.
- Sela amanzi amaninzi. Oku kunokunciphisa impembelelo kwizintso.
- Kuphephe ukusebenzisa amanye amayeza anokuchaphazela amayeza akho. Buza ugqirha wakho ngale nto.
- Amanye amayeza asebenza ngcono xa esetyenziswa kunye nokutya . Amanye afuna ukutya okunamafutha. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba uwathatha njani amayeza akho uze ulandele elo cebiso.
Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?
Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ngexesha lonyango okanye unenkxalabo malunga nonyango, nxibelelana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
Ngokukodwa, ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi ziphumo zimbi zilandelayo, funa ingcebiso yezonyango ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokulibazisa okanye uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) elikufutshane.
- Ifiva
- Ukudideka okanye utshintsho lwengqondo
- Ukutyheli kolusu okanye amehlo (i-jaundice)
- Ukudumba, iintlungu, okanye ukurhawuzelela okubanzi
- Intlungu ebuhlungu yesisu
- Ukuhlanza okukhulu
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ii-protease inhibitors ziluhlobo olunamandla kakhulu lwamayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane ezifana ne-HIV, i-hepatitis C, kunye ne-COVID-19.
- Oku kuyayithintela intsholongwane ukuba ingaziphindaphindi (izenze iikopi) emzimbeni.
- La mayeza afanele athathwe kuphela phantsi kwengcebiso kagqirha . Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela ngokungqongqo idosi kunye nexesha elicetyiswe ngugqirha.
- Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokwenzeka, ukusuka kwintlungu encinci ukuya kwiingxaki ezinkulu. Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezinzulu, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Akufanele uyeke ukuthatha amayeza okanye utshintshe umthamo ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha nangasiphi na isizathu.
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