Ingaba unale ngxaki ngemiphunga yakho? Masithethe ngePulmonary Sarcoidosis

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva uphelelwa ngumoya, okanye ukhwehlela ixesha elide kangangeentsuku? Mhlawumbi uziva udiniwe ngaphandle kwesizathu, kunye nentlungu yesifuba. Oku kunokuba ngaphezu kokudinwa okuqhelekileyo. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko onokuthi ungazange uve ngayo, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyazi. Le yi-pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Yintoni i-Pulmonary Sarcoidosis?

Ngamafutshane, i-sarcoidosis sisifo esibangela ukudumba , okanye ukudumba, kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba wethu. Okwenzekayo koku kukuba iiseli zenkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba ziyaqokelelana kwaye zenze amaqhuqhuva amancinci. Ngokwezonyango siwabiza la maqhuqhuva ngokuthi yi-granulomas . Ngokuchanekileyo, la maqhuqhuva anokuba mancinci njengenkozo yerayisi okanye abe makhulu kancinci.

Ngoku, i-Pulmonary Sarcoidosis kuxa le meko ichaphazela imiphunga yethu ngokukodwa . Kodwa ayipheleli nje kwimiphunga. Ngamanye amaxesha inokuchaphazela ulusu, amehlo, ii-lymph nodes, intliziyo, okanye naliphi na elinye ilungu emzimbeni. Uninzi lwexesha, le meko ye-pulmonary sarcoidosis iba ngcono ngokwayo. Kodwa kwezinye iimeko ezingathandekiyo, oku kuvutha okuqhubekayo kunokubangela amanxeba angapheliyo emiphungeni. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu kuthi sonke ukuba siqaphele le meko.

Ingaba ngumhlaza lo?

Abantu abaninzi, xa besiva igama elithi "sarcoidosis", ingakumbi xa besiva "amaqhuma" aqalayo, banokucinga, "Owu, andazi ukuba lo ngumhlaza na." Hayi, ukuze kucace gca, i-sarcoidosis ayilomhlaza. Yimeko eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izifundo zonyango zifumanise ukuba abantu abane-sarcoidosis banokuba nomngcipheko ophezulu wokufumana iintlobo ezithile zomhlaza kwixesha elizayo kunezinye. Kodwa kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba ezi zifo zimbini azifani.

Ziziphi iimpawu ze-Pulmonary Sarcoidosis?

Khumbula, ayinguye wonke umntu onale meko, kodwa ababonisi zimpawu. Abanye abantu banokuba nayo ngaphandle kweempawu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uqhubeka uhlangabezana nezi zinto, kufuneka ukhathazeke kancinci:

• Usenokuba neentlungu esifubeni . Isenokuvakala ngathi kukuxinana esifubeni sakho, okanye inokuba buhlungu xa uphefumla.
• Usenokuba nokukhohlela okomileyo okungapheliyo okungapheliyo nokuba usela amayeza okukhohlela angakanani na.
• Usenokuziva udiniwe , udiniwe, uzive ungaphili kakuhle, okanye ubuthathaka . Kufana nokuba nomkhuhlane, kwaye umzimba wakho uzive unzima.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla), oko kuthetha ukuba uziva uphelelwa ngumphefumlo, ngokungathi unengxaki yokuphefumla. Usenokuquleka emva kokuhamba umgama omfutshane.
• Ngamanye amaxesha unokuva isandi esiphuma esifubeni sakho xa uphefumla .

Ukongeza kwezi zinto, abantu abaninzi abane-pulmonary sarcoidosis balwa nokudakumba . Akumangalisi ukuba xa isifo esingapheliyo esifana nesi siphazamisana nobomi bemihla ngemihla, umsebenzi, kunye nokunxibelelana nabantu, kunokuba luxinzelelo.

Yintoni isizathu soku?

Enyanisweni, oogqirha kunye nososayensi abakayazi eyona nto ibangela i-pulmonary sarcoidosis. Inzima kancinci. Kwezinye iimeko, isasazeka kwiintsapho, oko kuthetha ukuba kunokubakho unxibelelwano lwemfuza . Kwezinye iimeko, kucingelwa ukuba ibangelwa zizinto ezingqongileyo, ezifana neebhaktheriya ezithile, iintsholongwane, uthuli, okanye ukuvezwa ixesha elide kwiikhemikhali . Isenokuba yimpembelelo ecaleni yamayeza athile . Abaphandi basayifunda le nto ukuze bafumane ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kanye kanye.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko? Ngubani onokuba nayo ngakumbi?

Nangona kungekho zibalo zichanekileyo ngale nto eSri Lanka, xa sijonga kwamanye amazwe ehlabathi, umzekelo kumazwe afana ne-United States of America, kubikwa ukuba malunga ne-1.5 ukuya ku-2000 lamawaka abantu bahlushwa yile meko ye-sarcoidosis. Ngokomyinge, ngelixa malunga nabantu abali-11 kwabamhlophe abayi-100,000 bafumana le meko, kubemi baseAfrika eli nani liyanda liye kuma-34 kwabayi-100,000. Ngokubanzi, kukho malunga ne-2.4 ekhulwini amathuba okuba umntu afumane le meko.

I-Sarcoidosis idla ngokuqala ichaphazele imiphunga.

I-Pulmonary Sarcoidosis inokuchaphazela nabani na, nokuba yindoda okanye ngumfazi, mdala okanye luhlanga luni. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abalandelayo bafunyaniswe besengozini enkulu kancinci:

• Abantu abavela eAfrika okanye eMntla Yurophu (umz. amazwe afana neDenmark, iNorway, iSweden).
• Abantu abasebenza kwiindawo ezinezibulali-zinambuzane, ukungunda, uthuli, okanye ezinye izinto ezinokubangela ukudumba.
• Abantu abasebenzisa amayeza athile ixesha elide. Umzekelo, amanye amayeza osulelo lwe-HIV, amayeza okulwa nomhlaza, okanye amayeza enza inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela isebenze kakhulu.
• Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba ne-pulmonary sarcoidosis ngaphambili, oko kuthetha ukuba kunokubakho impembelelo yemfuza.
• Abafazi nabo basengozini enkulu yokuba nale meko kunamadoda.

Uyibona njani le nto?

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela i-pulmonary sarcoidosis ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho okanye ezinye iimvavanyo, unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezininzi, ezifana nezi:

• I-X-ray yesifuba: Olu luvavanyo lokuqala olukhulu olwenziweyo. Lunokujonga iingxaki emiphungeni kunye nee-lymph nodes ezidumbileyo.
• I-CT scan: I-CT scan inokuvelisa imifanekiso ecacileyo, enqamlezileyo kune-X-ray. Oku kunceda ukubona imeko yemiphunga ngokweenkcukacha.
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wemiphunga: Oku kuquka ukuba uvuthele umatshini ukuze ulinganise ukuba imiphunga yakho isebenza kakuhle kangakanani, ukuba ungakanani umoya onokuwuthatha nowukhuphayo, kunye nokuba ungayifunxa kakuhle kangakanani ioksijini egazini lakho (umz. uvavanyo lokusasazwa kwegesi) .
• I-Biopsy: Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Oku kuquka ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesicubu emiphungeni okanye kwi-lymph node evuvukileyo uze ulihlolisise phantsi kwe-microscope ukuze ubone ukuba kukho ii-granulomas na. Le sampulu yesicubu ingafunyanwa ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-bronchoscopy (ityhubhu encinci enekhamera efakwe kwi-airways).
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Jonga izinto ezifana namanqanaba okudumba, amanqanaba e-calcium, ukusebenza kwezintso nesibindi, njl. Ngamanye amaxesha inqanaba le-angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) liyajongwa, njengoko oku kunokunyuka kwi-sarcoidosis.
• Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ezinye iiskeni ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne -MRI okanye i-positron emission tomography (PET) nazo zinokwenziwa.

Zithini izigaba zePulmonary Sarcoidosis?

Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo lwakho, ingakumbi oko ukubonayo kwi-X-ray yesifuba sakho, kunye neempawu zakho, ugqirha wakho angakunika inqanaba lesi sifo. La manqanaba aqala ekubeni angabonakali okanye angabonakali ukuya kumonakalo omkhulu wemiphunga:

• Inqanaba 0: I-X-ray yesifuba iqhelekile ngokupheleleyo. Akukho zimpawu ze-granulomas. Iimpawu nazo zisenokungabikho.
• Inqanaba lokuQala: Amaqhuqhuva e-hilar lymph kumacala omabini esifuba avuvukile, kodwa akukho monakalo ubonakalayo kwizicubu zemiphunga. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iimpawu zisenokungabikho.
• Inqanaba lesiBini: Ama-lymph nodes avuvukile, kwaye kukho iimpawu ze-granulomas kwizicubu zemiphunga. Aba bantu banokuba neempawu.
• Inqanaba lesi-3: Iigranulomas zisasazeke kuyo yonke izicubu zemiphunga, kodwa ukudumba kwi-lymph nodes kunokuncipha okanye kungabikho.
• Inqanaba lesi-4: Eli lelona nqanaba linzima kakhulu. I-pulmonary sarcoidosis ibangela umonakalo kwizicubu zemiphunga.Kwenzeka amanxeba angapheliyo, angenakuphikiswa, aziwa ngokuba yi-pulmonary fibrosis. Oku kuyawuphazamisa kakhulu umsebenzi wamaphaphu.

Khumbula, la manqanaba awasoloko enxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nobunzima besifo. Abanye abantu banokufumana iimpawu ezinzima kwanakwinqanaba lokuQala.

Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?

Kukho iindaba ezimnandi! Ayinguye wonke umntu one-pulmonary sarcoidosis oya kufuna unyango. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ingakumbi kwinqanaba loku-1, imeko iyancipha ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle konyango . Ugqirha wakho uza kukujonga okwethutyana.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iimpawu zakho zinzima, ukuba ukusebenza kwemiphunga yakho kuyachaphazeleka, okanye ukuba kuchaphazela ilungu elibalulekileyo njengamehlo okanye intliziyo yakho, kufuneka unyango.

• Iyeza eliphambili elinikwayo yi -prednisone . Olu luhlobo lwe- corticosteroid . Lisetyenziselwa ukulawula ukudumba emzimbeni kunye nokusebenza kakhulu kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba eli yeza linokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifana nokutyeba, umngcipheko ophezulu wesifo seswekile, kunye nokubhitya kwamathambo xa lisetyenziswa ixesha elide, ugqirha uya kulinika ngedosi ephantsi kangangoko kwaye ngexesha elifutshane kangangoko.
• Kubantu abanobunzima bokunyamezela i-prednisone, okanye abafuna unyango lwexesha elide, oogqirha banokucebisa amanye amayeza afana nala:
• Amayeza acinezela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, anjenge -methotrexate kunye ne-azathioprine .
• Izithinteli ze-Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), ezifana ne -infliximab okanye i-adalimumab . Ezi zihlala zisetyenziselwa izifo ezifana ne-rheumatoid arthritis.
• Ngamanye amaxesha amayeza okulwa nemalariya afana ne -hydroxychloroquine asetyenziswa ukunyanga iimpawu zolusu kunye namalungu.

Amaxesha amaninzi kakhulu, kwiimeko ezinzima (inqanaba lesi-4) apho kwenzeke umonakalo osisigxina emiphungeni kwaye ubunzima bokuphefumla bukhulu kakhulu, oku kulandelayo kunokufuneka:

• Ukuvuselelwa kwemiphunga: Iinkqubo zokuzilolonga ezikhethekileyo kunye neengcebiso.
• Ioksijini eyongezelelweyo .
• Ekugqibeleni, utyando lokufakelwa imiphunga .

Ngaba oku kungathintelwa?

Ngelishwa, izazinzulu azikayiqondi ngokupheleleyo into ebangela i-pulmonary sarcoidosis, ngoko ke akukho ndlela iqinisekisiweyo yokuyithintela. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimeko ziye zanxulunyaniswa nokuchatshazelwa zizinto ezingqongileyo ezifana nezibulali-zinambuzane, uthuli kunye nomngundo.Ukuzigcina kude nezinto ezinjalo kangangoko kunokwenzeka nokuhlala kwindawo enomoya ococekileyo kuya kunceda ukugcina imiphunga yakho isempilweni. Kwakhona, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukuphepha ngokupheleleyo ukutshaya.

Ingaba oku kusongela ubomi? Ingaba kungenzeka kwakhona?

Uninzi lweemeko ze-pulmonary sarcoidosis, ingakumbi ukuba iimpawu azincinci, ziyaphela ngokukhawuleza . Ezinye iimeko ziyaphela ngokupheleleyo ngonyango lwexesha elifutshane. Ezi meko azisongeli ubomi.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba le meko iqhubeka ixesha elide kwaye ayiphenduli kakuhle kunyango, kunokwenzeka ukuba kubekho amanxeba angapheliyo emiphungeni. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, kunokunciphisa ukusebenza kwemiphunga, konyuse ubunzima bokuphefumla, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kunciphise ixesha lokuphila komntu.

Abanye abantu banokufumana ukuphumla okusisigxina, oko kuthetha ukuba isifo siphelile ngokupheleleyo kwaye asibuyi.

Nangona kunjalo, i-pulmonary sarcoidosis inokuphinda ivele nasemva kokuba iphelile okanye unyango luphumelele . Oku ngamanye amaxesha kubizwa ngokuba yi-'flare-up'. Ke ngoko, nokuba isifo siyaphucuka, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokuya kuvavanyo njengoko ugqirha wakho emisele.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ze-Pulmonary Sarcoidosis?

Ukuba ezo granulomas sithethe ngazo ngaphambili aziphili kakuhle kwaye zihlala zikho, zinokubangela iingxaki ezifana nezi:

• I-Pulmonary fibrosis: Le yeyona ngxaki inzima neyingozi. Izicubu zemiphunga ziba namanxeba kwaye imiphunga iba lukhuni. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukuphefumla kwaye kubangela umonakalo ongunaphakade kwimiphunga.
• I-Bronchiectasis: Le yimeko apho iindlela zomoya (i-bronchi) kwimigudu yomoya ziba zibanzi kwaye zonakale ngokusisigxina. Oku kunokukhokelela ekuqokeleleni kwe-mucus kunye nosulelo lwemiphunga rhoqo.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kwimiphunga: Olu luxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kwimithambo yegazi ethwala igazi ukuya emiphungeni. Oku kunokuchaphazela nentliziyo.
• Iingxaki zamehlo: Ukuba i-sarcoidosis ichaphazela amehlo, iimeko ezifana ne-uveitis zinokubakho, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuboneni okufipheleyo kwanasekungabonini.
• Isifo sentliziyo: Asifane sichaphazele intliziyo, nto leyo ebangela iimeko ezifana nokubetha kwentliziyo ngendlela engaqhelekanga kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwentliziyo.
• Iziphumo kwizintso: Ukwanda kwamanqanaba e-calcium egazini kunokukhokelela ekwakhekeni kwamatye ezintso kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso.
• Isifo semiphunga esikwinqanaba lokugqibela: Eli linqanaba lokugqibela lesifo semiphunga. Kule meko, imiphunga yakho ayisakwazi ukususa ikharbon diokside emzimbeni wakho okanye ukunika ioksijini eyaneleyo emzimbeni wakho.

Ndingazinyamekela njani njengomntu one-Pulmonary Sarcoidosis?

Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-Pulmonary Sarcoidosis, musa ukoyika. Ezi ngcebiso zinokukunceda ulawule imeko, uphile ubomi obusempilweni:

• Ziphephe izinto eziyingozi emiphungeni yakho. Zikhusele kwizinto ezifana nothuli, iikhemikhali, umsi wepeyinti, izibulali-zinambuzane kunye nomngundo. Musa ukutshaya konke konke. Musa ukuba kwiindawo apho abanye abantu batshaya khona (umsi osetyenziswa ngabanye).
• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo nokunokulinganisela. Yitya imifuno emininzi, iziqhamo, intlanzi ecocekileyo, kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo. Nciphisa ukutya okucutshungulweyo, iswekile, kunye nokutya okunamafutha amaninzi.
• Zilolonge rhoqo. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba zeziphi imithambo efanelekileyo kuwe kwaye uzenze. Izinto ezifana nokuhamba nokudada zilungile.
• Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni. Ukutyeba kakhulu kunokunyusa umngcipheko weengxaki zokuphefumla.
• Qiniseka ukuba uya kuzo zonke iimvavanyo ezicwangcisiweyo kunye namadinga akho nogqirha wakho ngexesha. Musa ukulibazisa uvavanyo lwegazi, uvavanyo lokusebenza kwemiphunga, okanye ii-X-ray.
• Sela onke amayeza owanikwe ngugqirha wakho kanye njengoko ekuxelela, ngexesha nangexesha elimiselweyo. Musa ukuyeka ukuwasela amayeza okanye utshintshe umthamo ngokwakho.
• Nyamekela impilo yakho yengqondo. Ukuphila nesifo esifana nesi kunokuba yingxaki. Thetha nogqirha wakho, usapho kunye nabahlobo malunga neemvakalelo zakho. Funa uncedo lwengqondo ukuba kuyimfuneko.
• Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha okanye ukuba iimpawu zakho zibonakala zisiba mandundu, ingakumbi utshintsho kwiindlela zokuphefumla, iintlungu zesifuba, okanye ukukhwehlela okukhulu, xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.

Ndingalufuna nini uncedo lwezonyango?

Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka uzazi ngokukodwa kunye nento omawuyenze ukuba zenzeka. Ezi mpawu zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo ekuyo i-sarcoidosis. Ukuba une-pulmonary sarcoidosis, kufuneka ufune uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba kukho utshintsho olukhawulezileyo ekuphefumleni kwakho, iintlungu eziqatha esifubeni, ukuphefumla okufutshane, okanye i-phlegm enegazi. Kwakhona, bona ugqirha wakho ukuba unomkhuhlane, iintlungu zomzimba, okanye ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo okuhlala iintsuku ezininzi.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoko ke i-pulmonary sarcoidosis esithethe ngayo namhlanje sisifo esingaziwayo esibangela ukudumba kunye namaqhuqhuva amancinci abizwa ngokuba yi-granulomas emiphungeni. Kubantu abaninzi, iyaphela yodwa, okanye iphucuke ngonyango lwexesha elifutshane. Ngoko ke musani ukoyika okanye nikhathazeke ngokungeyomfuneko ngale nto.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba uneempawu ezifana nokukhohlela okungapheliyo, ukuphefumla kancinci, okanye iintlungu zesifuba, musa ukuzityeshela nje uze ubone ugqirha ukuze akuhlole. Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu kwezi ntlobo zezifo. Ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho, ukuthatha amayeza akho ngokuchanekileyo, kunye nokuya kuhlolwa rhoqo kuya kukunceda kakhulu. Ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha wakho okanye nosapho lwakho ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye iinkxalabo onokuba nazo. Hlala unethemba, hlala usempilweni!

I- Pulmonary Sarcoidosis, i-Sarcoidosis, ii-Granulomas, isifo semiphunga, uxinzelelo lokuphefumla, ukukhwehlela, ukudumba, i-Pulmonary Fibrosis