Ingaba unengxaki ngevalvu yemiphunga yentliziyo yakho? Masithethe ngale nto! (Isifo sevalvu yemiphunga)

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva uxinezelekile esifubeni sakho, ubunzima bokuphefumla, okanye nokuba nomgudu omncinci? Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zengxaki kwivalvu yakho yemiphunga, esebenza njengesango elincinci entliziyweni yakho. Ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha nangokulula namhlanje. Ukuqonda oku kuya kukunika ukuphumla okukhulu.

Yintoni i-Pulmonary Valve Disease?

Ngamafutshane, isifo se-Pulmonary Valve sisifo apho i-Pulmonary Valve, i-valve ebaluleke kakhulu entliziyweni yethu, ingasebenzi kakuhle. Cinga ngayo njengomlindi wesango. Yiyo evumela igazi ukuba lidlule kwigumbi elisezantsi kwicala lasekunene lentliziyo yakho, i-Right Ventricle , liye kumthambo ophambili othwala igazi ukuya emiphungeni, i-Pulmonary Artery . Xa igazi lifika emiphungeni, lithatha i-oxygen entsha. Emva koko, elo gazi lizaliswe yi-oxygen lisasazwa kuwo wonke umzimba, linika ubomi kwiiseli zethu.

Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho ingxaki ngale valve yemiphunga, kuba nzima ukuba igazi lakho lifikelele emiphungeni yakho. Kwenzeka ntoni ke ngoko? Izicubu, iiseli, kunye namalungu omzimba afumana ioksijini kade. Oku kufana nombhobho wamanzi ovalekayo kwaye ukuhamba kwamanzi kuyehla. Yiyo loo nto sineengxaki ezahlukeneyo.

Ziziphi iintlobo zeSifo sePulmonary Valve?

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zesifo se-pulmonary valve. Masibone ukuba zithini, ngokulula nje:

1. Ukuvuselelwa kweValve yePulmonary: Oku kwenzeka xa ivalve ingavali kakuhle, kwaye igazi elithile livuza umva. Cinga ngayo njengempompo yamanzi engavalwanga kakuhle kwaye ivuza amanzi ngamathontsi. Emva koko intliziyo kufuneka isebenze nzima ukuyityhala loo gazi phambili.

2. I-Pulmonary Valve Stenosis: Oku kwenzeka xa ivalvu incipha, okanye ngokuchanekileyo, ivalekile. Oku kunciphisa indlela yokuba igazi lihambe. Cinga ngako njengokucinezela umbhobho wamanzi, onciphisa indlela yokuba amanzi ahambe. Oku kubangela ukuba intliziyo isebenze nzima ukutyhala igazi phambili.

3. I-Pulmonary Atresia: Le yimeko enzima kakhulu. Oku kwenzeka xa umntwana ezalwa enevalvu engakhekanga okanye engakhulanga kakuhle . Esi sisifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-Pulmonary Valve Disease?

Makhe sibone ukuba zixhaphake kangakanani ezi zifo.

Ukubuyela kwe-valve yepulmonary (igazi elivuza ngasemva nge-valve) kuqheleke kakhulu.Abanye abantu bazalwa benesakhiwo sevalvu esahlukileyo kancinci. Abantu abanale mahluko kwimizimba yabo banamathuba amaninzi okufumana i-pulmonary valve regurgitation. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwexesha, ayithambi kakhulu. Oko akuthethi ukuba yinto yokoyika okanye yokunyanga. Kubantu abaninzi, ayibangeli ngxaki zinkulu.

I-pulmonary valve stenosis (ukuncitshiswa kwevalvu) kwenzeka kubantu abamalunga ne-7% abanesifo sentliziyo sokuzalwa.

E-United States, malunga nosana olunye kwi-7,000 luzalwa lune-pulmonary atresia (ukungabikho kwevalvu xa luzalwa). Nangona izibalo kwilizwe lethu zingachanekanga, le yimeko ekufuneka iqwalaselwe.

Zingaba yintoni iimpawu zesi sifo?

Iimpawu zeSifo sePulmonary Valve zingahluka kumntu nomntu. Abanye abantu banokufumana ezi mpawu:

• Intlungu yesifuba: Kuvakala ngathi isifuba sakho siyacinezelwa, ngamanye amaxesha naxa uphefumla.
• Ukudinwa: Ukuziva nje udiniwe, ukuziva ubuthathaka kangangokuba awukwazi kwenza nto.
• Ukuqaqamba kwentloko: Ukuziva unesizungu, ngamanye amaxesha ude uphelelwe ngamandla.
• Ukuphefumla nzima: Ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukuphefumla kancinci, nokuba uhamba kancinci okanye unyuka izinyuko.
• Ukungakwazi ukwenza umthambo: Andifuni ukubaleka, ukutsiba, okanye ukwenza umthambo njengoko bendisenza ngaphambili, kwaye nokuba ndinjalo, ndidinwa ngokukhawuleza.

Kodwa khumbula, abantu abane-stenosis encinci okanye i-regurgitation encinci basenokungabi nazimpawu. Yiyo loo nto uvavanyo lwezonyango lubalulekile.

Ukuba umntwana une-Pulmonary Atresia, unokuba nobunzima bokuphefumla, ubunzima bokutya, uhlala elele, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha unombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eluswini lwakhe (i-Cyanosis). Le yinto ekufuneka uyiqwalasele ngenyameko. Njengabazali, ukuba ubona naziphi na kwezi mpawu, kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Zithini izizathu zesifo se-Pulmonary Valve?

Izizathu zesi sifo ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo. Makhe sibone ukuba kwenzeka njani.

• Izizathu ze-Pulmonary Stenosis: Kwiimeko ezininzi, kunzima ukufumana unobangela othile woku. Nangona kunjalo, le meko inokubangelwa ziingxaki ezithile zemfuza okanye ukuba umama ufumana isifo esifana ne-rubella ngexesha lokukhulelwa. I-Rubella sisifo esinokuchaphazela umntwana ongekazalwa, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba ulumke ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
• Izizathu zokubuyela kwevalvu yepulmonary:Oku kunokuba nezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (ingakumbi uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lwemiphunga), i-endocarditis, umkhuhlane wamathambo, njl. Ingabangelwa naziingxaki ezithile zentliziyo ezizalwa nazo okanye unyango lwazo. Le meko ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaye baba nesifo sentliziyo esibizwa ngokuba yiTetralogy of Fallot.
• Izizathu ze-Pulmonary Atresia: Kwiimeko ezininzi, isizathu esichanekileyo sale meko asikaziwa. Nangona kunjalo, kucingelwa ukuba ibangelwa lutshintsho kwiijini zomntwana ongekazalwa, ukuvezwa kwiityhefu ezikwindalo ngexesha lokukhulelwa, okanye into eyenziwa ngumama.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho zesi sifo?

Isifo se-Pulmonary Valve sibangela ukuba i-ventricle yasekunene yentliziyo yakho isebenze nzima ukupompa igazi emiphungeni yakho. Oku kungonakalisa intliziyo yakho kwaye kubangele ukuba ikhule. Nangona kungaqhelekanga, ukuba le meko iba mandundu, inokukhokelela ekusileleni kwentliziyo . Oku kuthetha ukuba intliziyo yakho ayikwazi ukupompa igazi elaneleyo emzimbeni wakho.

Abantwana abane-Pulmonary Atresia banokuba nesifo sesibindi kunye nesantya sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga, ngoko ke unyango olukhawulezileyo lubalulekile.

Sifunyaniswa njani esi sifo?

Xa usiya kugqirha, ukuba uva isandi esingaqhelekanga xa emamele intliziyo yakho (nge-stethoscope ) , oko kungaba luphawu lwe-Pulmonary Regurgitation okanye i-Pulmonary Stenosis. Esi sisandi esingaqhelekanga esenziwa ligazi elihamba ngeevalvu.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukuze kufunyaniswe esi sifo?

Ugqirha angenza ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo ukuqinisekisa isifo sevalvu yemiphunga:

• I-Echocardiogram ye-Fetal: Oku kunceda ekufumaneni iimeko ezifana ne-Pulmonary Atresia ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe.
• I-Echocardiogram (Echo): Oku kunokujonga izinto ezininzi, njengokusebenza kwentliziyo kunye nemeko yeevalvu. Isetyenziselwa ukubona 'i-Atresia', 'i-Stenosis' okanye 'i-Regurgitation'. Kufana nokuthatha umfanekiso wentliziyo usebenzisa isandi.
• I-Pulse Oximetry: Oku kusetyenziswa ukujonga inqanaba le-oksijini egazini kwiimeko ze-'atresia'. Luvavanyo olulula olwenziwa ngokubeka ikliphu emnweni.
• Ukucoca ngeCatheterization yentliziyo: Oku kwenziwa kwiimeko ze-'Atresia' okanye 'Stenosis'. Indlela apho umbhobho omncinci udluliselwa entliziyweni ngemithambo yegazi ukuze kulinganiswe uxinzelelo, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuze lunyangwe.
• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG): Oku kwenzelwa ukujonga umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo kwiimeko ze-'Atresia' okanye 'Regurgitation'.
• I-MRI yeNtliziyo (iMagnetic Resonance Imaging): Oku kunceda ukuthatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zentliziyo kwiimeko ze-'Stenosis' okanye 'Regurgitation'.
• I-X-reyi yesifuba: Oku kunceda ukubona ubungakanani bentliziyo kunye nemeko yemiphunga xa kuthethwa nge-'regurgitation'.

Iphathwa njani i-Pulmonary Valve Disease?

Unyango loku luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko onayo. Ngamanye amaxesha inokulawulwa ngamayeza, ngamanye amaxesha inokubandakanya notyando.

Amayeza athile kunye nonyango

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwesifo se-pulmonary valve:

• I-Balloon Valvuloplasty: Oku kwenziwa ukuze kwandiswe ivalvu yemiphunga enciphileyo. Oku kwenziwa ngokufaka isixhobo esincinci esifana nebhaluni kwivalvu uze uyivuthele.
• Amayeza okanye ukufakwa kwe-stent (kwi-"Atresia"): Oku kwenzelwa ukugcina i-"Dictus Arteriosus" ivulekile, umthambo wegazi ovala ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe. Ukugcina le tube ivulekile kunceda ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya emiphungeni.
• I-Diuretics: La mayeza anikwa ukuthintela ukugcinwa kolwelo emzimbeni ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwentliziyo okubangelwa kukuphuma kwegazi kwiivalvu. Abangela ukuba umzimba ukhuphe amanzi agqithisileyo ngomchamo.
• Amayeza e-Pulmonary Hypertension (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu emiphungeni) okanye i-Endocarditis (usulelo lwentliziyo) (lokuHlamba): Amayeza anikwa ukulawula ezi meko.
• Inkqubo ye-Transcatheter okanye utyando lwentliziyo evulekileyo: Ezi nkqubo zisetyenziselwa ukulungisa ivalvu evuzayo okanye ukufaka ivalvu entsha.

Iingxaki/iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango

Ezinye iintsana zinokuba nobunzima bokutya emva kotyando, kwaye zisenokufuna ukondliwa ngetyhubhu encinci ngempumlo yazo (ityhubhu yokondla).

Emva kokutshintshwa kwevalvu, umntwana wakho kuya kufuneka athathe amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane xa esenza umsebenzi wamazinyo. La mayeza anciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nesifo sentliziyo esibizwa ngokuba yi-endocarditis.

Emva kokuba ivalvu yemiphunga ilungisiwe, ingaphinda ivuze, kwaye ugqirha usenokufuna ukuyivula okanye ayitshintshe.

Njengakwezinye iintlobo zotyando, kukho ithuba elincinci lokosuleleka okanye ukopha, kodwa oogqirha balumkele kakhulu oko.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuchacha emva konyango?

Emva kotyando lwe-'Pulmonary Atresia', umntwana wakho uya kuba sesibhedlele malunga neveki okanye ezimbini. Emva kotyando lwe-'Pulmonary Valve Regurgitation', ukuchacha kungathatha iiveki, kwaneenyanga. Emva kwe-'Valvuloplasty' ye-'Pulmonary Stenosis', kuya kufuneka uphephe imisebenzi enzima malunga neveki.

Yintoni onokuyilindela ukuba unesifo se-Pulmonary Valve Disease?

Amava akho ngesi sifo asenokungafani nawabanye abantu. Abanye abantu baneempawu ezimbalwa kakhulu kwaye basenokungadingi utyando. Abanye banokufuna utyando lwevalvu yamaphaphu olungaphezu kolunye ebomini babo.

Ingqikelelo yesifo sevalvu yemiphunga

Ithemba labantwana abafakelwe i-valvuloplasty ye-pulmonary valve stenosis lihle kakhulu . Ngokuqhelekileyo abadingi nto ngaphandle kokuhlolwa rhoqo ngugqirha wentliziyo wabantwana. Abanye abantu banokufuna ukuba i-valve yabo ivulwe kwakhona emva kweminyaka eli-15.

I-pulmonary atresia inokubulala ukuba ayinyangwa, kodwa abantwana abaninzi bayasinda baze babe ngabantu abadala emva kotyando.

Imbono yabantu abanesifo sokuphefumula esincinci okanye esiphakathi ilungile. Kubantu abanesifo esiqatha, imbono yabo ixhomekeke ekubeni bafumana unyango ngokukhawuleza kangakanani.

Ndingayinciphisa njani ingozi?

Awunakunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba umntwana wakho abe nesifo se-Pulmonary Valve Disease, imeko eyenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo. Kodwa ukuba uceba ukukhulelwa, qiniseka ukuba ufumene i-Rubella Vaccine.

Unganciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba ne-Pulmonary Valve Regurgitation ngokuphepha iimeko ezibangela oku, njenge-Pulmonary Hypertension, i-Endocarditis, kunye ne-Rheumatic Fever.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Lawula izinto onokuzilawula kwaye ugcine intliziyo yakho isempilweni.

• Lawula uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi kunye namanqanaba e-cholesterol.
• Ziphephe ngokupheleleyo iimveliso zecuba.
• Zilolonge rhoqo. Nokuba uhamba nje imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku kulungile.
• Yitya iziqhamo, imifuno, kunye nokutya okunamafutha aphantsi okanye okungenawo amafutha agcweleyo. Ukutya kwethu kwasekuhlaleni kufanelekile kakhulu koku.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha wam?

Ungaphoswa kukudibana nogqirha wakho wentliziyo. Usenokujonga ukuba ivalvu yakho isasebenza kakuhle na. Usenokufuna ukuphinda ezinye zeemvavanyo ezisetyenzisiweyo ukukuxilonga kwasekuqaleni. Umzekelo:

• I-Echocardiogram (I-Echo)
• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography - i-CT scan)
• I-MRI yentliziyo
• I-EKG (i-Electrocardiogram - i-EKG)

Ndingaya nini kwiSebe leeNgxamiseko (i-ETU) ?

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka ngokukhawuleza:

• Iziqendu zokuquleka rhoqo.
• Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumla.
• Ukuziva ngathi intliziyo yakho ibetha ngokukhawuleza (Heart Palpitations).
• Iimpawu zosulelo okanye ukopha, ezinje ngomkhuhlane kunye negazi esitulweni, emva kotyando.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Ungabuza ugqirha imibuzo efana nale:

• Loluphi unyango olungcono kum (okanye kumntwana wam)?
• Ngaba uyazi unobangela weSifo sam (okanye somntwana wam) sePulmonary Valve?
• Kufuneka ndize kukubona kangaphi (okanye umntwana wam)?
• Ngaba kukho amaqela enkxaso kubazali babantwana abanesifo sentliziyo?

Okokugqibela, umyalezo oya ekhaya

Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive ungakhululekanga xa ufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho (okanye intliziyo yakho) unesifo se-Pulmonary Valve Disease. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Iingcali zentliziyo zijongana nezi ngxaki ze-valve ngalo lonke ixesha. Bangasebenzisa amava abo ukufumanisa unyango olungcono kuwe okanye kumntwana wakho.

Musa ukoyika ukubuza imibuzo ngayo nantoni na ongayiqondiyo. Yiya kuzo zonke iimvavanyo eziyalelwe ngugqirha wakho, kwaye uthathe onke amayeza owanikwe ngexesha. Awuwedwa, kwaye kukho oogqirha, abahlengikazi, kunye nosapho lwakho ukukunceda kolu hambo. Ukuhlala unethemba kubaluleke kakhulu ekuchacheni ngokukhawuleza.

Isifo se- Pulmonary Valve, i-Heart Valve, Isifo sentliziyo, Ubunzima bokuphefumla, Intlungu yesifuba, Isifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso, Iingxaki ze-Heart Valve, i-Pulmonary Stenosis, i-Pulmonary Regurgitation, i-Pulmonary Atresia