Masifunde ngesifo sokukhanya esibangelwa kukuvezwa kwimitha ephezulu!

Sonke siyayoyika kancinci igama elithi “ Radiation ”, akunjalo? Ngamanye amaxesha sicinga ukuba le yinto eyingozi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje asizukuthetha ngemisebe eqhelekileyo. Sithetha ngemeko yempilo enzulu enokwenzeka ukuba imizimba yethu ivezwe kwimitha ephezulu kakhulu, oko kukuthi, iidosi eziphezulu zemitha. Oku koko oogqirha bakubiza ngokuba yi “Radiation Sickness” okanye `(Radiation Sickness)`. Abanye abantu bakubiza ngokuba yi `( Acute Radiation Syndrome – ARS)`. Le yinto enokuba yingozi kakhulu kubomi. Ke, masifumanise okungakumbi ngale nto, akunjalo?

Yintoni le nto kuthiwa sisifo semitha? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, esi sisifo esibi esibangelwa kukuvezwa kumanqanaba aphezulu emitha ye-ionizing, nokuba ngaxeshanye okanye kwixesha elifutshane. Usenokuba ukhe weva ukuba imitha ye-ionizing isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amandla kwamanye amashishini, kwizikhululo zamandla, nakwiinkqubo zomkhosi. Ikwasetyenziswa kwiidosi ezincinci kakhulu, ezilawulwayo kunyango oluthile, njengonyango lwemitha kwizigulana ezinomhlaza .

Nangona kunjalo, isifo somhlaza wemisebe sidla ngokunxulunyaniswa nokuchatshazelwa ngequbuliso nangokuqatha yimitha. Cinga ngale ndlela, njengengozi kwisikhululo samandla enyukliya. Ubunzima bale meko buxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:

• Ubungakanani bemitha efunxwa ngumzimba wakho: Oku kulinganiswa ngeeyunithi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-“Grays” (Gy). Okukhona isixa siphezulu, kokukhona umonakalo umkhulu.
• Ixesha olichithe ujongene nemitha: Idosi enkulu kwixesha elifutshane iyingozi kakhulu kunedosi ezincinci kwiiveki kwindawo enye yomzimba (njengonyango lomhlaza ).
• Nokuba umzimba wonke wawuchatshazelwe okanye uyinxalenye nje yomzimba: Ukuba umzimba wonke uchatshazelwe kukukhanya okukhulu ngaxeshanye, kunokubangela ukufa kwiiyure ezimbalwa okanye kwiinyanga.

Cinga ngeeseli emizimbeni yethu njengezindlu ezincinci. Xa zichatshazelwa yimitha encinci, ezo zindlu zinokwenza ulungiso oluncinci. Kodwa ukuba kuvela uhlaselo olukhulu ngequbuliso, kuba ngathi ezo zindlu zitshatyalalisiwe ngokupheleleyo.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zesifo semitha (i-ARS)?

Emva kokuvezwa kube kanye kwimitha ephezulu yokukhanya, iimpawu ezintathu eziphambili (oko kukuthi, ingqokelela yeempawu) zinokwenzeka.

1. I-Cerebrovascular syndrome: Oku kwenzeka xa ukuhamba kwegazi engqondweni yakho kuchaphazeleka . Oku kwenzeka xa umzimba wonke ufumana idosi ephezulu kakhulu yemitha (engaphezulu kwe-30 Grays (>30 Gy)). Le yimeko enzulu kakhulu.

2. Isifo sesisu (GI): Oku kukonakalisa inkqubo yakho yokugaya ukutya . Le meko inokwenzeka ukuba ufumana idosi yemitha yomzimba iyonke ephakathi kwe-6 kunye ne-30 Grays (malunga ne-6-30 Gy).

3. I-Hematopoietic syndrome: Oku kuchaphazela ukuveliswa kwazo zonke iintlobo zeeseli zegazi emzimbeni wethu. Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba umzimba wonke ufumana idosi yemitha ephakathi kwe-1 kunye ne-6 Grey (malunga ne-1-6 Gy).

Zonke ezi ntlobo ziyingozi, kodwa ubukhali bumiselwa yidosi yemitha.

Kuqheleke kangakanani oku? Ngaba kufuneka soyike?

Enyanisweni, iimeko ezingxamisekileyo ze-radiological okanye zenyukliya ezinokukhokelela kwisifo se-radiation azixhaphakanga . Kodwa ukuba ziyenzeka, zinokuchaphazela inani elikhulu labantu ngaxeshanye. Iziganeko ezimbi kakhulu esizikhumbulayo kukuqhushumba kweebhombu zeathomu eJapan ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini kunye nentlekele yaseChernobyl ngo-1986. Ukongeza kwabo bafa ngoko nangoko, amawaka abantu kamva afa ngenxa yomhlaza obangelwa yi-radiation. Ngoko ke, nangona oku kungaqhelekanga, kuba kubi kakhulu xa kusenzeka.

Zithini iimpawu zesifo sokukhanya kwelanga? Uzibona njani?

Iimpawu zisenokuqala kwangoko emva kokuba umntu echaphazeleke yimitha, okanye zinokuvela emva kweentsuku, iiveki, okanye iinyanga. Nangona iimpawu zahlukile ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo esikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, kukho ezinye iimpawu zokuqala eziqhelekileyo :

• Ndiziva ndidiniwe kakhulu kwaye ndibuthathaka
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza (mhlawumbi ukuhlanza igazi )
• Ukopha emqolo (indle enegazi)
• Urhudo (ukuhlanza)
• Ifiva
• Ndiziva ndididekile, ndididekile
• Ukulahleka kweenwele
• Intlungu yesikhumba, ukutshintsha kombala, ukudumba, okanye ukutsha

Ezi ziimpawu zokuqala ezibonakala. Emva koko, iimpawu kunye neengxaki ziqala ukubonakala kancinci kancinci, ezinxulumene neempawu ezintathu ezixutyushwe ngazo ngaphambili.

Zithini izigaba zesifo semitha?

Kukho amanqanaba ahlukeneyo e-acute radiation syndrome (ARS). La ngawa:

1. Isigaba se-Prodromal: Iimpawu zokuqala (ezifana nokugabha okukhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla) ziqala kwimizuzu embalwa ukuya kwiintsuku ezimbini emva kokuvezwa yimitha.

2. Isigaba sokungabonakali kwesifo: Eli lixesha elingaqhelekanga. Emva kokuba iimpawu zokuqala ziphelile, ungadlula kwiiyure ezimbalwa ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-21 ungenazo naziphi na iimpawu. Usenokuvakalelwa ngathi uphilile kwesi sifo.

3. Inqanaba lokugula okuqhelekileyo: Kulapho kuqala khona iimpawu ezinzima kunye notshintsho emzimbeni. Oku kungaqala kwiiyure ezimbalwa ukuya kwiintsuku ezingaphantsi kwama-60 emva kokuvezwa. Iimpawu ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo.

Kutheni kukho isifo semitha? Zithini izizathu?

Eyona nto ibangela esi sifo semitha "i-Acute Radiation Syndrome" kukuvezwa ngokuthe ngqo kwiidosi eziphezulu zezinto ezinemitha okanye ungcoliseko lwazo . Cinga ngale ndlela: Iidosi eziphantsi zemitha zinokuphazamisana neenkqubo zokulungisa, ukukhula, kunye nokwahlukana kweeseli zethu. Nangona kunjalo, iidosi ezinkulu zibangela ukuba iiseli zife .

Ukuvezwa ngokuthe ngqo kunokubangelwa zizinto ezifana nokuqhuma kwenyukliya, iingozi zemitha, kunye nokuphuma kwemitha evela kuvavanyo lwezixhobo zenyukliya. Ungcoliseko lunokwenzeka nangokutya nokusela ukutya okanye amanzi angcoliswe zizinto ezinemitha, kunye nokudibana nolusu nezinto ezinemitha.

Ingaba esi sisifo esisulelayo? `(Ingaba i-ARS iyasulela?)`

Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abawubuzayo. Khawuthelekelele ukuba umntu uchaphazeleka kakhulu yimitha aze emva koko "asuswe" ngokufanelekileyo - oko kukuthi, ukuba ukhulula impahla yakhe aze ahlambe umzimba wakhe kakuhle ngesepha - awuyi kufumana imitha evela kuye. Kuba imitha "ingaphakathi" emzimbeni wakhe.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukufutshane nomntu ongakhange asuswe ukungcola, usengozini yokufumana ityhefu yemitha . Umzekelo, abo basabela kuqala xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo yenyukliya basengozini enkulu.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le nto?

Oogqirha baxilonga isifo sokukhanya ngokuqwalasela ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Imbali yokuchatshazelwa yimitha: Oko kukuthi, iinkcukacha ezinje ngokuba ukhe wadibana nesiganeko esinjalo nokuba senzeke njani.
• Iimpawu kunye neempawu: Zithini iimpawu zakho, ziqale nini, kwaye zinzima kangakanani.
• Iziphumo zovavanyo lwelebhu: ingakumbi ukubalwa kwegazi okupheleleyo (i-CBC)Ngokwenza izinto ezinje, sijonga iziphumo ngokuhamba kwexesha, singaqikelela idosi yemitha kunye nohlobo lwezinto ezinokulindelwa kwixesha elizayo (ukuxela kwangaphambili).

Ukuba kukho ukurhaneleka kokuba kukho ungcoliseko lwezinto ezine-radioactive, oogqirha basebenzisa isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-Geiger-Muller counter ukujonga umzimba wonke ukuba kukho i-ionizing radiation kunye nokuba ingakanani ekhoyo. Ukujonga izinto ezine-radioactive ezingene emzimbeni, ii-swabs zithathwa kwiindawo ezifana neendlebe, umlomo, kunye namanxeba kwaye zivavanywe ngale counter. Ngamanye amaxesha umchamo kunye nendle zinokuvavanywa ukuba azina-radioactive.

Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?

Unyango lwesifo sokukhanya luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubukhali baso. Ngenxa yokuba ukuvezwa okukhulu kangaka kokukhanya kwenzeka ngexesha likaxakeka, oogqirha kunye neenkonzo zongxamiseko babeka phambili unyango ngokusekelwe kubukhali beempawu kunye nokwenzakala.

Ezi zilandelayo ziindlela zonyango eziqhelekileyo:

• Ukucoca: Ukususa impahla yakho nokuhlamba umzimba wakho kakuhle kuyayithintela intsholongwane esasazeke kwabanye. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Iinkqubo zotyando: Ukuba kukho ukwenzakala okusongela ubomi, utyando lunokufuneka.
• Ukhathalelo oluxhasayo: Oku kuquka ukunika umzimba ulwelo kunye nee-electrolytes ozifunayo, ukunika amayeza okunciphisa iintlungu zokutsha okanye ezinye iingozi, kunye nokunika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukuba kukho iimpawu zosulelo.
• Ukuthintela umhlaza we-thyroid: Oogqirha badla ngokucebisa iipilisi ze-potassium iodide kubo bonke abantwana kunye nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo abaye bachaphazeleka yimitha. Oku kuthintela ukufunxwa kwe-radioactive iodine kwi-thyroid gland.
• Ulawulo lwentlungu yengqondo: Oku kunokuba yintlungu enkulu yengqondo xa ujongene nento efana nale. Oku kunokunyangeka nge-psychotherapy ( unyango lokuthetha) kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, amayeza.

Ngaba zikho iindlela zokuphepha ukugula ngemitha? (Ukuthintela)

Akukho nto sinokuyenza ukuthintela ukuchatshazelwa yimitha ephezulu ngokungalindelekanga kunye nesifo semitha. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amanyathelo onokuwathatha ukuze uzikhusele xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo yenyukliya:

• Shiya indawo evezwe kuyo ngoko nangoko: Shiya indawo evezwe kuyo imisebe ngokukhawuleza. Musa ukungena kwakhona.
• Susa inkunkuma ngoko nangoko: Khupha impahla engcolileyo ngokukhawuleza kwaye uyibeke kwisitya esivalwe kakuhle. Hlamba umzimba wakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi.
• Funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza: Kubalulekile ukufuna uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba oku kuyenzeka? Ngaba kuya kuba ngcono? `(Ingqikelelo)`

Imbonakalo yesifo se-radiation ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:

• Ingakanani imitha efunyenwe ngumzimba wakho.
• Inani lomzimba wakho ochaphazelekileyo.
• Nokuba ukwazile na ukufumana unyango ngokukhawuleza.

Isifo somhlaza sidla ngokuba yingxaki ebulalayo. Njengoko idosi yomhlaza isanda, ixesha lokufa liyancipha.

Nangona kunjalo, kwanabo basindileyo banokuba neengxaki ezihlala ixesha elide . Ngokukodwa, kukho umngcipheko okhulayo wokufumana umhlaza obangelwa yimitha, njenge- leukemia kunye nomhlaza we-thyroid .

Sifanele sifune nini ingcebiso yezonyango?

Ukuba uchaphazeleka kakhulu yimitha yelanga, isoloko iyimeko engxamisekileyo kwaye ifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo . Suka kwindawo efumana imitha yelanga ngokukhawuleza kwaye ufumane uncedo ngokukhawuleza.

Ngoko ke, zeziphi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule? (Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya)

Kulungile, sithethe kakhulu ngesifo se-radiation. Nazi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• Isifo sokukhupha imisebe sisifo esiyingozi nesiyingozi esibangelwa kukuvezwa kwimitha ephezulu.
• Izinto ezinje azifane zenzeke, kodwa xa zisenzeka, iziphumo ziba zibi kakhulu.
• Iimpawu zokuqala zingabandakanya ukudinwa kakhulu, isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, urhudo, umkhuhlane kunye nokulahlekelwa ziinwele .
• Ukuba udibana nesiganeko se-radioactive, ukuba kunokwenzeka, qala ngokukhumula impahla yakho, uhlambe umzimba wakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi, uze "ucoce i-comtaminate" .
• Emva koko, funa uncedo lwezonyango ngoko nangoko , njengoko unyango lwasekuqaleni lunokusindisa ubomi bakho.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luluncedo kuwe. Kubalulekile rhoqo ukuqaphela izinto ezinje. Lumka!

Ukugula ngemisebe , i-Acute Radiation Syndrome, i-ARS, i-ionizing radiation, ukuvezwa kwimisebe, iimpawu zemisebe, iimeko ezingxamisekileyo zenyukliya