Xa ugqirha ekuxelela okanye umntu omthandayo ukuba unomhlaza, kusenokwenzeka ukuba uve igama elithi "unyango lwemitha" xa uthetha ngonyango olulandelayo. Ukuva eli gama, kusenokwenzeka ukuba uzive usoyika kwaye unexhala. "Ngaba oku kuya kuba buhlungu?", "Kuza kwenzeka ntoni emzimbeni?", "Ngaba oku kuyingozi?" Usenokuba nemibuzo emininzi engqondweni yakho. Kuqhelekile kakhulu. Kodwa ukuba siyazi kakuhle kwaye siyayazi le ndlela yonyango, singayisusa loo loyiko lungafunekiyo. Ke namhlanje, masithethe ngolu nyango lwemitha.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni unyango lwemitha?
Unyango ngemisebe yindlela esebenzayo kakhulu yokunyanga umhlaza. Isebenzisa ii-X-reyi ezinamandla aphezulu ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Cinga ngayo njengomsebe welaser osusa ngokukhetha iiseli ezimbi emzimbeni wethu kuphela.
Ngamanye amaxesha olu nyango lunikwa lodwa. Ngamanye amaxesha lunikwa kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango, ezifana notyando okanye i-chemotherapy. Ingcali yomhlaza we-radiation iya kugqiba ukuba olu nyango lukulungele na, lunikwa njani, kwaye lungakanani na. Uza kucwangcisa unyango olujolise kwiiseli zomhlaza kuphela, ukunciphisa umonakalo kwiiseli zakho eziphilileyo.
Khumbula, injongo ephambili yolu nyango kukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza ngelixa kunciphisa umonakalo kwiiseli zakho ezisempilweni.
Zithini iindlela zonyango lwemitha?
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zonyango lwemitha. Zombini zinenjongo efanayo: ukutshabalalisa i-DNA exelela iseli yomhlaza ukuba ikhule kwaye yahlulwe. Xa loo miyalelo ilahlekile, iiseli zomhlaza ziyafa kwaye ithumba liyancipha.
1. Unyango lweMisebe yangaphandle (i-EBRT): Le yindlela esetyenziswa kakhulu. Apha, umatshini omkhulu ongaphandle komzimba wakho ujolise kuphela kwimisebe yemitha apho umhlaza ukhoyo.
2. Unyango lweMisebe yangaphakathi: Apha, into enemisebe ifakwa emzimbeni wakho, kufutshane kakhulu neeseli zomhlaza.
Makhe sijonge ezi ndlela zimbini ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.
1. Unyango lwemitha yemitha yangaphandle (i-EBRT) - unyango olunikwa ngaphandle
Kule nto, akukho nto ikubethayo emzimbeni. Umatshini uhambahamba kuwe kwaye ugxila imisebe kwindawo efanelekileyo kuphela. Le ndlela ngoku iphucuke kakhulu. Yiyo loo nto inokunyangeka ngokuchanekileyo, inciphisa umonakalo kwizicubu eziphilileyo.
| Uhlobo lonyango lwe-EBRT | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Unyango lweMisebe ye-3D Conformal | I-CT scan yenza imodeli yomhlaza enamacala amathathu (3D) kwaye iqondisa imisebe yemitha ngqo kuyo. |
| Unyango lweMisebe oluGuquliweyo ngamandla (IMRT) | Le yindlela ephucuke ngakumbi. Isebenzisa imisebe yamandla ahlukeneyo ukuhambisa imitha engaphezulu kumhlaza kwaye ingabi ninzi kwizicubu eziphilileyo ezijikelezileyo. |
| Unyango lweRadiotherapy olukhokelwa yiMifanekiso (IGRT) | Ngaphambi konyango ngalunye, kuthathwa i-X-ray okanye i-CT scan encinci ukuqinisekisa indawo echanekileyo yomhlaza uze emva koko kukhutshwe imitha. Oku kwenza ukuchaneka kube phezulu kakhulu. |
| Utyando lwe-Stereotactic Radiosurgery (umz. iGamma Knife) | Oku kuchaneke njengotyando, kodwa akukho ziqandu. Kusebenzisa imitha ephezulu kakhulu ukutshabalalisa iithumba ezincinci engqondweni. |
| Imitha ye-Intraoperative (IORT) | Oku kwenziwa ngexesha lotyando. Emva kokuba ithumba lisusiwe ngotyando, ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza ezincinci kakhulu ezingenakukwazi ukususwa, kunikwa imitha ngaxeshanye ukuze zitshabalalise. |
2. Unyango lweMisebe yangaphakathi - Unyango olunikwa ngaphakathi
Le ndlela isetyenziswa kwiintlobo zomhlaza ezincinci kwiindawo ezifana nentloko, intamo, ibele, kunye nomlomo wesibeleko. Oku kukwanikwa ngeendlela ezimbini.
- Unyango lweBrachy:Oku kuquka ukubeka "imbewu" encinci equlethe into ene-radioactive ngaphakathi okanye kufutshane kakhulu nethumba. Ezinye zezi zikhupha i-radiation kancinci kangangeeveki ezimbalwa. Ezinye zikhupha idosi ephezulu kwimizuzu embalwa. Ezinye zezi zezokwexeshana, ngelixa ezinye zihlala emzimbeni ngokusisigxina (i-radioactivity yazo iyaphela ngokuhamba kwexesha).
- Unyango lweNkqubo: Oku kuquka ukunika into enemisebe njengolwelo. Inganikwa njengolwelo lokusela okanye njengenaliti ngemithambo yegazi (IV). Le nto ihamba ngegazi, ifumane iiseli zomhlaza, inamathele kuzo, ize izitshabalalise.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambi nangexesha lonyango?
Ngaphambi konyango lwe-EBRT, kukho intlanganiso yokucwangcisa ebizwa ngokuba yi-"simulation". Ngexesha lentlanganiso, uza ku:
- Ukukubeka kwindawo ethile: Uza kubekwa etafileni yonyango. Usenokunikwa isikhunta okanye imaski ukuze umzimba wakho uhlale ungashukumi. Emva koko, indawo echanekileyo oza kunyangwa kuyo iya kubhalwa uphawu.
- Iiskeni: I-CT scan okanye i-MRI yenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba umhlaza ukuphi kanye kanye. Iqela lezonyango lisebenzisa olu lwazi ukwenza isicwangciso sonyango.
Ngomhla wonyango lwakho, uza kulala etafileni efanayo naleyo ubuyenza kwi-simulation. Umatshini we-radiation uza kuhambahamba nawe, kodwa awusoze ukubethe. Ingcali ye-radiation iza kusebenzisa umatshini kwigumbi elahlukileyo. Ungathetha nabo nangaliphi na ixesha nge-intercom. Awuyi kuva ntlungu ngexesha lonyango.
Kwiindlela zonyango zangaphakathi, i-anesthesia isetyenziselwa ukuhambisa izinto ezine-radioactive, ngoko ke akukho ntlungu ibandakanyekayo.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga emva konyango?
Ewe, njengalo naluphi na unyango, kukho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga zihlala zichaphazela kuphela inxalenye yomzimba enyangwayo. Kwakhona, ekubeni unyango lungenziwa rhoqo kodwa lunikwa kwiiseshoni ezininzi rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa, iiseli zakho eziphilileyo zinexesha lokuphola. Oku kunciphisa kakhulu iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
Ezinye zezona ziphumo bezingalindelekanga zixhaphakileyo zezi:
- Ukudinwa
- Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
- Urhudo
- Intloko ebuhlungu
- Utshintsho lolusu kwindawo yonyango (ukuba bomvu, ukoma, ukurhawuzelela)
- Izilonda zomlomo
- Intlungu xa uginya
- Umnqweno wokutya
- Ukutsha xa uchama okanye ukusoloko ufuna ukuchama
Xela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuba kukho ukungakhululeki okunje. Uza kukunika imiyalelo efunekayo kunye namayeza okulawula iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
Ngaba kukho ingozi kwabanye emva konyango?
- Kwi-external beam radiation therapy (EBRT): Akukho. Akukho radiation ishiyekileyo emzimbeni wakho emva konyango. Ungaya ekhaya ngokuqhelekileyo, ube nosapho lwakho, kwaye unxibelelane nabantwana abancinci. Akukho zingozi.
- Ngonyango lwemitha yangaphakathi: Ekubeni kukho into enemitha emzimbeni, kuya kufuneka ulandele amanyathelo athile okhuseleko okwethutyana elifutshane. Umzekelo, ubungakanani obuncinci bemitha bunokukhutshwa ngokubila nangomchamo. Ke ngoko, ugqirha wakho unokukucebisa ukuba unciphise ukunxibelelana ngokusondeleyo nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo okanye abantwana abancinci okwethutyana. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Unyango lwemitha lunyango olusebenzayo kakhulu noluphucukileyo olusetyenziswa ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Musa ukuyoyika ngokungeyomfuneko.
- Awuyi kuva ntlungu ngexesha lonyango.
- Emva konyango lwemitha yemitha yangaphandle (i-EBRT), awubeki mngcipheko kwabanye.
- Iziphumo zonyango zezokwexeshana kwaye zinokulawulwa. Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga nokungonwabi onokuba nakho.
- Abanye abantu banokuqhubeka nemisebenzi yabo eqhelekileyo ngexesha lonyango, ngelixa abanye befuna ukuphumla. Mamela umzimba wakho.
- Lilungelo lakho ukubuza nokucacisa nayiphi na imibuzo, uloyiko, okanye amathandabuzo onokuba nawo kwiqela lezonyango ngaphambi konyango.
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