Ingaba umntwana wakho omncinci unengxaki yokuphefumla? Makhe sithethe ngesifo somoya esibangelwa yiReactive Airway Disease (RAD)!

Ngaba kukho umntu ekhayeni lakho, mhlawumbi umntwana wakho omncinci, okanye nawe ngokwakho, okhwehlela rhoqo ngequbuliso okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumla, uzive ngathi isifuba sakho siyaxina, kwaye sihlala singunobangela wokuphefumla? Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha usenokuthi, "Oku kungaba 'yiReactive Airway Disease' okanye 'iRAD'" xa ebona ezi mpawu. Ngoko ke usenokuba ucinga, "Owu, yintoni le sifo sitsha?" Ungakhathazeki, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngokuba yintoni 'iRAD', indlela ekhula ngayo, zithini iimpawu, kunye nonyango, ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni kanye kanye iReactive Airway Disease (RAD)?

Ngamafutshane, i-`Reactive Airway Disease (RAD)` ayisosifo esiqinisekisiweyo njengesifo, kwaye ayinikwanga gama lithile. Ligama lexeshana. Oogqirha basebenzisa eli gama xa wena okanye umntwana wakho nineengxaki zokuphefumla ezifana ne-asthma, kodwa unobangela ochanekileyo awufumaneki.

Cinga nje, imiphunga yethu inezakhiwo ezincinci ezifana neetyhubhu ezingenisa umoya ungena uphume (esizibiza ngokuba ziityhubhu ze-bronchial), kwaye xa ezo tyhubhu zivuvukala kwaye zincipha, kuba nzima ukuphefumla. Oku kwenzeka kwi-RAD.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-'Reactive Airway Disease (RAD)' kunye ne-'Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome (RADS)' ziimeko ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Nangona amagama afana kancinci, ezi meko zimbini akufuneki zidideke. I-'RADS' yimeko edla ngokuvela emva kokuvezwa ngequbuliso kwigesi enobuthi.

Ngoko ke, xa ugqirha esithi `RAD`, oko kuthetha ukuba, "Ewe, kukho into engalunganga kwinkqubo yakho yokuphefumla, kwaye kufuneka senze uvavanyo oluthe kratya ukuze sifumanise ukuba yintoni kanye kanye." Ngamanye amaxesha uyeva oogqirha besebenzisa amagama athi `RAD` kunye nelithi `Asthma` ngokutshintshana, kodwa azithethi nto inye. `RAD` ligama nje lexeshana elisetyenziswa de kufunyanwe isifo esiqinisekileyo.

Zithini iimpawu ze-RAD? Uziva njani?

Umntu one-RAD unokufumana iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukukhohlela okungapheliyo: Olu khohlela lunokuhamba ne-phlegm.
• Ukuphefumla nzima okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla): Ukuziva ungakwazi ukuphefumla kwaye kufuneka usebenze nzima ukuze uphefumle.
• Ukuphefumla: Isandi esithi "ukuphefumla" okanye "ukuphefumla" siphuma esifubeni xa uphefumla.
• Ukuqina kwesifuba: Ukuziva unzima, ngokungathi kukho umntu okucinezelayo esifubeni.

Ezi mpawu zingakwenza uzive ungakhululekanga. Iimpawu eziphambili kukuxinana kwesifuba kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela i-RAD?

Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba le ngxaki yokuphefumla, ekuthiwa ngoogqirha yi-'RAD' okwethutyana, inokwenzeka. Ezinye zazo zezi:

• Iingxaki zokunganyamezelani komzimba:Ukuba ne-aleji kwizinto ezifana nothuli, i-pollen, ukutya okuthile, kunye noboya bezilwanyana. Khawucinge nje, abanye abantwana baqala ukurhawuzelelwa ngequbuliso xa bevumba uthuli okanye besondela kwikati, akunjalo? Yiyo loo nto kunjalo.
• Usulelo olubangelwa ziintsholongwane okanye ziintsholongwane: Usulelo olufana nomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, kunye ne-pneumonia lunokubangela ukuba iindlela zomoya zidumbe.
• Umsi weekhemikhali, iziqholo, okanye umsi: Izinto ezifana nezinye iziqholo ezinamandla, umsi wezibulali-zinambuzane, kunye nomsi ovela kulwelo lokucoca.
• Umsi: Naluphi na uhlobo lomsi, njengomsi wecuba, umsi wesitofu somthi, kunye nomsi wesithuthi.
• Ukuzilolonga: Abanye abantu banokuphelelwa ngumphefumlo xa besenza umthambo.
• Utshintsho lwemozulu: Ukuchatshazelwa ngequbuliso yimimoya ebandayo, ubushushu obugqithisileyo, ukuba kwindawo enomswakama, utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwimozulu.

Ezi zizinto ezibangela iimpawu ze-RAD.

Ihlala ixesha elingakanani i-RAD? Ngaba iza kunyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Oku kunzima ukukuqinisekisa. Isizathu kukuba igama elithi 'RAD' ligama lexeshana, kwaye ixesha lokuchacha lixhomekeke kwisifo esisisiseko. Nje ukuba ugqirha afumane unobangela ochanekileyo weempawu zakho aze akunike amayeza afanelekileyo, uza kukuxelela ukuba kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba uzive ungcono.

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu yile meko ye-RAD?

Enyanisweni, ugqirha angabiza nabani na onengxaki yokuphefumla, kodwa isizathu asicaci. Nangona kunjalo, eli gama lidla ngokusetyenziswa kwiintsana nabantwana abancinci kakhulu ukuba bavavanywe ukusebenza kwemiphunga. Oku kungenxa yokuba umntwana udinga ulwazi oluthile kunye nenkxaso yokwenza olu vavanyo. Ngenxa yokuba kunzima kwiintsana ezincinci ukwenza oku, oogqirha babiza okomzuzwana ngokuthi 'i-RAD' ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu.

Ifunyanwa njani i-RAD?

Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho ninengxaki yokuphefumla, okanye ukuba nikhohlela rhoqo, qiniseka ukuba nibonana nogqirha. Ugqirha uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho kunye nembali yakho yezonyango, njengokuthi ngaba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba nembali ye-asthma.

Emva koko, ugqirha uza kukuxilonga. Ngokukodwa, uza kumamela imiphunga yakho esebenzisa i-stethoscope (i-auscultation). Oku kuya kuvumela ugqirha ukuba afumane umbono wesandi esivakalayo ngaphakathi kwemiphunga kunye nokuba kukho na ukuphazamiseka xa umoya udlula. Emva kolu vavanyo lokuqala, ugqirha uza kucebisa ezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

Zithini iimvavanyo zoku?

Ukuze afumane unobangela ochanekileyo wokuphelelwa ngumoya, ugqirha angenza iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nezi:

• I-Spirometry: Olu lolona vavanyo luqhelekileyo lokusebenza kwemiphunga. Lulinganisa ukuba ungakanani umoya onokuwuphefumla nowukhupha ngokukhawuleza. Lunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba kukho na ukuvaleka kwendlela yakho yomoya.
• Uvavanyo lomfanekiso:Ezi ziimvavanyo ezingenabuhlungu. Zinceda ukujonga ngaphakathi kwemiphunga yakho, intliziyo, kunye namathambo.
• I-X-ray yesifuba: Ukujonga usulelo lwemiphunga kunye nezinye iingxaki.
• I-Echocardiogram (i-echo): Ijonga ukusebenza kwentliziyo. Ukuphefumla okuncinci kunokubangelwa sisifo sentliziyo.
• I-CT scan (i-CT scan - i-Computed Tomography scan): Fumana imifanekiso ecacileyo neneenkcukacha ezithe vetshe yemiphunga nesifuba.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Kuthathwa igazi elincinci kwinaliti encinci lize livavanywe ukuze kubonwe ukuba akukho zifo, ii-allergies, okanye iimpawu zokudumba emzimbeni.
• Uvavanyo lokuhlaba ulusu: Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba kukho into ethile ebangela ukuba umntu angabi naso isifo. Inani elincinci lezinto ezahlukeneyo ezibangela ukuba umntu angabi naso isifo lifakwa kwindawo encinci yolusu kwaye ulusu luvavanywa ukuze lubone ukuba lusabela njani.
• I-ECG (ECG okanye i-EKG - i-Electrocardiogram): Oku kuvavanya ukusebenza kombane kwentliziyo yakho. Oku kunokunceda ekususeni isifo sentliziyo njengesizathu sokuba uphefumle nzima.
• I-pulse oximetry: Esi sisixhobo esincinci esifana ne-clip osifaka emnweni wakho. Silinganisa inqanaba le-oksijini egazini lakho.
• Uvavanyo lokuzilolonga: Olu vavanyo lujonga ukuba amanqanaba e-oksijini egazini lakho ayancipha na xa uzilolonga.

Zonke ezi mvavanyo zenziwa ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela ochanekileyo weempawu zakho.

Iphathwa njani i-RAD?

Ngenxa yokuba i-'RAD' yileyibhile yexeshana, inyangwa ngokusekelwe kwisifo esikhoyo. Oko kuthetha ukuba ugqirha wakho kuya kufuneka kuqala aqinisekise ukuba ubunzima bakho bokuphefumla bubangelwa yi-asthma, usulelo, okanye enye imeko.

Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko kaxakeka, oko kuthetha ukuba ukuba ukuphefumla kuba nzima kakhulu, oogqirha banokusebenzisa unyango olufana nolu:

• IiBronchodilators: Ezi zizinto esizibiza ngokuba zii-inhalers. La mayeza asebenza ngokwandisa iindlela zomoya ezinciphileyo, okwenza kube lula ukuphefumla. Asetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimeko ezifana ne-asthma kunye ne-COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease).
• Unyango lweoksijini: Oku kunceda umzimba ufumane umlinganiselo ofunekayo weoksijini xa ukuphefumla kunzima.
• Inaliti ye-Epinephrine: Le inikwa xa kukho i-allergy eqatha (i-anaphylaxis) okanye uhlaselo oluqatha lwe-asthma.
• IiCorticosteroids: La mayeza anciphisa ukudumba emiphungeni. Asetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifuba, iCOPD, kunye nee-allergies ezinzima.

Ngaba i-Albuterol iyanceda kwi-RAD?

I-Albuterol ikwaluhlobo lwe-bronchodilator. Liyeza elikhulisa indlela yomoya. Lisetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-asthma, i-COPD, kunye ne-bronchospasm ebangelwa kukuzilolonga. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unobangela we-RAD yinto eyahlukileyo, oku kukodwa akuyi kuyinyanga. Kubalulekile ukufumana unobangela ochanekileyo kunye nokunyanga.

Ngaba i-RAD ingathintelwa?

Ungenza ezi zinto ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba neempawu ze-RAD:

• Ziphephe izinto ezibangela i-allergy kunye nezinto ezibangela i-allergy eziyingozi kuwe. Umzekelo, ukuba une-allergy kuthuli, hlala kwiindawo ezinothuli oluncinci kwaye ugcine ikhaya lakho licocekile.
• Sebenzisa amayeza athintela ukudumba kwendlela yomoya (ukuba unikwe ngugqirha) ngokufanelekileyo.
• Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka ngokupheleleyo kwaye uphephe ukuchitha ixesha kwiindawo apho abanye abantu betshaya khona.
• Ukuba usebenza ngeekhemikhali, nxiba imaski okanye ezinye izixhobo zokukhusela ukuphefumla.

Ukuba une-RAD, yintoni omele uyilindele? Kuza kwenzeka ntoni kwixesha elizayo?

Ukuba ugqirha ukuxelela ukuba une-'RAD', oko kuthetha ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla, kodwa isizathu esichanekileyo asikaziwa okwangoku . Ungakhathazeki. Ugqirha uza kukuhlola, enze uvavanyo olufunekayo, aze azame ukufumana unobangela. Kulapho kuphela apho unyango olufanelekileyo lunokuqaliswa khona.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha wakho wosapho unokukuthumela kwingcali yemiphunga (i-pulmonologist) .

Ukuchacha kwakho kunye nolawulo lwesifo kuxhomekeke ekuxilongweni ngokuchanekileyo. Ezinye iimeko zinokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo. Ezinye (ezifana ne-COPD) zinokuba zezingapheliyo neziqhubekekayo.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha? Ufanele uye nini kwiSebe leNgxakeko (ETU) ?

Ukuba uneempawu zeRAD (ukukhwehlela, ukuphefumla kancinci, ukuxinana kwesifuba), okanye ukuba iimpawu zakho aziphucuki nangona unyango lukhona, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha.

Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko enjalo, yiya kwangoko kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) ekufutshane, okanye utsalele umnxeba ku-1990:

• Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla (nokuba uyijonga, ungabona ukuba kunzima kakhulu ukuphefumla).
• Ukuba akukho siqabu nangona usebenzisa amayeza okunceda ukuphefumla nzima (umz. i-inhaler).
• Ukuba inqanaba leoksijini egazini libonakala liphantsi (njengemilebe kunye neenzipho ezijika zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka).
• Ukuba ubonisa iimpawu ze-allergy enzima (i-anaphylaxis), oku kuthetha ukuba:
• Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumla.
• Ukwehla ngequbuliso koxinzelelo lwegazi.
• Ukudumba kwemilebe.
• Ubuthathaka obukhawulezileyo.
• Ukulahlekelwa zingqondo (i-syncope) okanye ukuquleka.
• Ukudideka (ukungaqondi into oyenzayo okanye apho ukhoyo).

Ngamaxesha anje, ungalibazisi konke konke. Funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha?

Xa usiya kugqirha, ungabuza imibuzo efana nale ukuze uqonde ngcono imeko yakho.

• Yintoni imbangela yemeko yam ye-'Reactive Airway Disease'?
• Ngaba ikho indlela yokunyanga le meko ngokupheleleyo?
• Ndingenza ntoni ukuze ukuphefumla kwam kube lula?
• Ngawaphi amayeza owacebisayo?
• Eli yeza lifanele lisetyenziswe njani kanye kanye? (umz., ukuba liyi-inhaler, lisetyenziswa njani ngokuchanekileyo).
• Ngaba kufuneka ndidibane nogqirha wezifo zamaphaphu?

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-RAD, i-asthma, kunye ne-COPD?

La magama ayadida kancinci. Masizikhumbuze kwakhona:

• Isifo Somoya Esisabelayo (i-RAD): Eli ligama lexeshana. Lithetha ukuba kukho into engalunganga kwinkqubo yokuphefumla, kodwa isizathu esichanekileyo asikaziwa okwangoku.
• Isifuba: Esi sisifo esithile. Sisifo esihlala ixesha elide. Sibangela ukudumba kunye nokuncitshiswa kwendlela yomoya. Ngamanye amaxesha, kunokubakho i-mucus eninzi.
• I-COPD (Isifo Esingapheliyo Sokuthintelwa Kwemiphunga): Eli ligama leqela elithile lezifo. Liquka izifo ezininzi ezihlala ixesha elide ezichaphazela imiphunga, zenze kube nzima ukuphefumla, kwaye ziqhubeke zisiba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha (umz. i-bronchitis engapheliyo, i-emphysema).

Ngoko ke, ugqirha usenokuqala ngokuthi iimpawu ze-'COPD' yi-'RAD', de kufunyanwe uxilongo olufanelekileyo.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngoku ungaqonda ukuba i-'Reactive Airway Disease (RAD)' ayisiyonto ithile ebangela uxilongo. Nangona kunjalo, akulunganga ukuba ugqirha asebenzise eli gama. Lithetha nje ukuba isizathu sobunzima bokuphefumla asikaziwa okwangoku, kwaye uxilongo oluchanekileyo alunakunikwa de kwenziwe uvavanyo olufunekayo ngokukhuselekileyo .

Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unezinye zezi mpawu, musani ukoyika niye kubona ugqirha. Uza kukunika ulwalathiso olufunekayo. Ukuba ugqirha wosapho lwakho akanakukwazi ukufumanisa imeko, cela ingcebiso kwingcali yemiphunga (i-Pulmonologist).

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufumana uxilongo olufanelekileyo kwaye uqale unyango olufanelekileyo. Emva koko ungaphila ngokukhawuleza.

Isifo soMoya esisebenzayo , i-RAD, ubunzima bokuphefumla, isifo sokuphefumla, isifuba, imiphunga, impilo yabantwana, ukukhwehlela, ukuphefumla