Ukuba ungumama okhulelweyo, okanye umntu olindele umntwana kungekudala, olunye lovavanyo lokuqala ugqirha wakho aza kuluyalela luvavanyo lwegazi. Olu luza kujonga uhlobo lwegazi lakho kunye nenye into ebaluleke kakhulu. Leyo yi-Rh factor yakho. Usenokuba ukhe wayiva le gama ngaphambili. Kodwa abantu abaninzi abanalo ulwazi oluninzi malunga nokuba ithetha ukuthini. Yintoni kanye kanye i-Rh factor? Kutheni ibaluleke kangaka ngexesha lokukhulelwa? Ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngayo ngokulula nangokucacileyo.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-Rh factor?
Kulungile, masiyibeke ngolu hlobo. Cinga ngeeseli ezibomvu zegazi emzimbeni wakho njengeebhola ezincinci kakhulu, ezingqukuva. Abanye abantu banohlobo olukhethekileyo lweproteni enamathele kumphezulu, okanye ngaphandle, kwezi seli ezibomvu zegazi. Loo proteni yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi-Rh factor , okanye i-Rhesus factor, kwezonyango.
Le yinto oyizuz’ ilifa. Oko kuthetha ukuba uyifumana kumama wakho nakutata wakho.
- I-Rh-positive: Ukuba uneproteni kumphezulu weeseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi, une-Rh-positive. NgesiSinhala, kuthetha i-Rh-positive. ESri Lanka nakwezinye iindawo zehlabathi, uninzi lwabantu, oko kukuthi, malunga nama-85 kwabali-100, bane-Rh-positive.
- I-Rh-negative: Ukuba awunayo le protein kumphezulu weeseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi, u-Rh-negative. Oko kuthetha ukuba u-Rh-negative.
Uhlobo lwegazi lakho lungaba ngu-A, B, AB, okanye u-O. Le Rh factor inxulunyaniswa nolo hlobo lwegazi. Umzekelo, ukuba uhlobo lwegazi lakho ngu-A kwaye une-Rh-positive, uhlobo lwegazi lakho lulonke "ngu-A positive." Ukuba une-Rh-negative, "ngu-A negative."
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba nokuba une-Rh-positive okanye i-Rh-negative ayichaphazeli impilo yakho ngokubanzi nangayiphi na indlela. Ayisosifo. Ayizukukwenzakalisa nangayiphi na indlela. Oku kubaluleke kuphela kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo. Oko kwenzeka ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Kutheni i-Rh factor ibalulekile ngexesha lokukhulelwa? (Ukungahambelani kwe-Rh)
Nantsi into eyenzekayo. Le meko siyibiza ngokuba yimeko ekhethekileyo yokungahambelani kwe-Rh , eyenzeka kuphela xa umama engena-Rh kwaye umntwana osesiswini ene-Rh-positive .
Masiyenze lula le nto ngakumbi. Cinga ngomzimba wakho njengelizwe elinomkhosi wokuzikhusela olungileyo. Ekubeni ungenayo i-Rh, ilizwe lakho (umzimba) alinayo loo protein ye-Rh. Ngoku, ukuba igazi lomntwana osesibelekweni sakho liba yi-Rh-positive, oko kuthetha ukuba umntwana unaloo protein kwiiseli zakhe ezibomvu zegazi.
Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, igazi likamama nelomntwana alidli ngokudibana ngokuthe ngqo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, ingakumbi ngexesha lokubeleka, inani elincinci kakhulu legazi lomntwana lingangena egazini likamama.
Xa oku kusenzeka, ukhuselo lukamama (inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela) lubona iprotheyini ye-Rh egazini lomntwana njengotshaba lwangaphandle, umhlaseli. Bacinga, "Yintoni le nto intsha ingene emizimbeni yethu? Le ayifanelekanga emizimbeni yethu," baze baqalise ukwenza izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokulwa nayo. Ezi zixhobo sizibiza ngokuba zii-antibodies . Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi -Rh sensitization .
Iimeko apho igazi lomntwana linokuxubana nelikamama:
- Ngexesha lokubeleka: Le yeyona meko ixhaphakileyo. Inokwenzeka ngexesha lokubeleka okanye ngexesha lokubeleka ngotyando.
- Ukopha kwamalungu esini ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
- Ukwenzakala okanye ingozi esiswini.
- Iingxaki ekukhulelweni kwangethuba, ezinje ngokukhulelwa okuphunyeziweyo okanye ukukhulelwa okungaphandle kwesibeleko.
- Ngexesha lovavanyo olukhethekileyo olufana ne-amniocentesis.
- Xa umntwana ekwimo yokurhoxa, ugqirha uzama ukumjikisa umntwana ngesandla ngexesha lenkqubo ye-ECV.
Ingaba le ngozi ichaphazela umntwana wokuqala okanye umntwana wesibini?
Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokwesiqhelo, umntwana wokuqala one-Rh-positive womama ongenayo i-Rh akanazo iingxaki ezinkulu.
Isizathu kukuba, njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, igazi lomntwana lingena kakhulu emzimbeni kamama ngexesha lokubeleka. Emva koko, xa umzimba kamama uqala ukwenza ezo antibodies, umntwana sele ezelwe. Ngoko ke umntwana wokuqala akayi kwenzakala.
Kodwa, ingxaki yokwenyani iqala ngexesha lokukhulelwa okulandelayo.
Ngoku umzimba kamama uyayiqonda iproteni ye-Rh kwaye ulungiselela ukwenza ii-antibodies zokulwa nayo. Ukuba uphethe umntwana one-Rh-positive esibelekweni sakho okwesibini , ii-antibodies owazenzayo ngaphambili, ucinga, "Nanku utshaba kwakhona!", ziwela i-placenta kwaye ziqale ukutshabalalisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi lomntwana. Kufana nokuba kuqale imfazwe ngaphakathi komntwana.
Le meko ibizwa ngokuba sisifo se-Rh . Ukuba ayinyangwa, inokuba yingozi kakhulu kumntwana osesiswini.
| I-Rh factor kamama | I-Rh factor kaTata | I-Rh factor yomntwana kunye nomngcipheko |
|---|---|---|
| I-Rh-negative (engalunganga) | I-Rh-positive | Usana lusenokuba ne-Rh-positive. Kukho umngcipheko wokungahambelani kwe-Rh. |
| I-Rh-negative (engalunganga) | I-Rh-negative (engalunganga) | Umntwana uza kuba ne-Rh-negative. Akukho mngcipheko. |
| I-Rh-positive | I-Rh-positive okanye i-Rh-negative | Usana lunokuba ne-HIV okanye i-HIV. Kodwa ekubeni umama ene-HIV, akukho mngcipheko. |
Uyixilonga njani le nto? Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Ngethamsanqa, ukuxilonga nokunyanga le meko kulula kakhulu kule mihla.
Uxilongo
Wakuba nje ufumanise ukuba ukhulelwe, ugqirha wakho uya kuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi ukuze kuchongwe uhlobo lwegazi lakho oluchanekileyo kunye ne-Rh factor.
- Ukuba une -Rh-positive , akukho ngxaki. Akufuneki wenze enye into.
- Ukuba awunayo i-Rh , kuya kwenziwa olunye uvavanyo ukuze kubonwe ukuba umzimba wakho uphuhlise ii-antibodies ezichasene neproteni ye-Rh.
Unyango: Ugonyo lwe-Anti-D
Ukuba awunayo i-Rh-negative kwaye umzimba wakho awukaphuhlisi ii-antibodies, oogqirha baya kukunika inaliti elula kakhulu kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-Anti-D shot . Igama lezonyango yi -Rh immune globulin (RhIg) .
Olu gonyo lufana nomyalezo ongeyonyani kwinkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Luthintela ngokupheleleyo umzimba wakho ekwenzeni ezo antibodies ziyingozi. Oku kuthetha ukuba nokuba incinci yegazi lomntwana wakho ingena emzimbeni wakho, umzimba wakho awuyi kuyibona njengotshaba.
Olu gonyo ludla ngokunikezelwa xa:
- Malunga neeveki ezingama-28 zokukhulelwa: Wonke umama ongenayo i-Rh unikwa isitofu esinye ngeli xesha njengesilumkiso.
- Kwiiyure ezingama-72 emva kokubeleka: Igazi lomntwana liyavavanywa kwaye kuphela xa umntwana ene-Rh-positive, umama unikwa enye inaliti. Oku kwenzelwa ukukhusela umntwana ngexesha lokukhulelwa okulandelayo.
- Kwezinye iimeko: Ugqirha angakunika olu gonyo ukuba kukho ukopha ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukuba kukho ingozi yesisu, okanye ukuba kukho ukuphuphuma kwesisu.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba olu gonyo lwe-Anti-D lusebenza kuphela ngaphambi kokuba umzimba wakho ube nee-antibodies. Ukuba ii-antibodies azisaphuhliswanga, olu gonyo aluyi kusebenza. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kangaka ukwazi i-Rh factor yakho kwangethuba.
Zeziphi iingxaki umntwana anokuba nazo ukuba akanyangwa?
Ukungahambelani kwe-Rh akumchaphazeli umama, kodwa ukuba akunyangwa, kunokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu kumntwana osesibelekweni ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwesibini okanye okulandelayo.
Ingxaki ephambili yi -hemolytic anemia . Ngamafutshane, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zomntwana zitshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza kunokuba ziveliswa. Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zezona zithwala ioksijini emzimbeni. Xa zitshatyalaliswa, umntwana unokuba neengxaki ezinkulu.
- I-Jaundice: Xa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ziqhekeka, kuveliswa into etyheli ebizwa ngokuba yi-bilirubin. Xa oku kuqokelelana, ulusu namehlo omntwana ajika abe tyheli. Amanqanaba aphezulu anokonakalisa nengqondo.
- Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwesibindi nentliziyo: Intliziyo nesibindi somntwana kufuneka sisebenze nzima kakhulu ukutshintsha iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezitshatyalalisiweyo. Oku kunokubangela ukuba la malungu omzimba akhule aze angasebenzi.
- Ukuzalwa kwesisu: Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, umntwana unokufa esibelekweni ngenxa ye-anemia kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwentliziyo.
Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Ngophuhliso lwe-Anti-D vaccine, iimeko ezinzima ngolu hlobo aziqhelekanga kule mihla.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Rh factor yiproteni ephezu kweeseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi. Ukuba unayo, 'une-Rh-positive', okanye 'une-Rh-negative'.
- Esi asisosifo, kodwa ukuba unesifo se-Rh kwaye umntwana wakho une-Rh-positive, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Rh incompatibility' inokwenzeka.
- Oku akudli ngokuchaphazela umntwana wokuqala, kodwa kunokuba yingozi kumntwana osesiswini xa ekhulelwe emva koko.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi olulula kwasekuqaleni kokukhulelwa lunokumisela i-Rh factor yakho.
- Zonke iingxaki ezinxulumene noku zinokuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo ngokufumana i-Anti-D vaccine (Rh immune globulin).
- Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba awunayo i-Rh, musa ukoyika. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo kwaye ulandele imiyalelo yakhe ngokuchanekileyo. Ukugonywa ngexesha kunokukunceda ugcine wena nomntwana wakho nisempilweni.
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