Ngaba uyazi ngomhlaza ongaqhelekanga obizwa ngokuba yiSarcomatoid Carcinoma? Makhe sithethe ngokweenkcukacha!

Umhlaza usenza soyike kancinci, akunjalo? Kodwa ayizizo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza ezifanayo. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngohlobo lomhlaza olungaqhelekanga noluntsonkothileyo. Lubizwa ngokuba yiSarcomatoid Carcinoma. Eli gama lisenokuvakala lingaqhelekanga kuwe, kodwa masizame ukulichaza ngokulula. Oogqirha bathi olu hlobo lomhlaza lukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye lunobundlongondlongo .

Yintoni iSarcomatoid Carcinoma?

Ngamafutshane, iSarcomatoid Carcinoma yindibaniselwano yeentlobo ezimbini zomhlaza. Oko kukuthi, ineempawu zecarcinoma kunye nesarcoma. Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba yintoni icarcinoma kunye nesarcoma.

• I-Carcinoma: Olu lolona hlobo lomhlaza luqhelekileyo. Luqala kwizicubu ezigubungela umphezulu wamalungu ethu okanye ulusu. Ezi zicubu sizibiza ngokuba yi-epithelial tissue kuba zenziwe ngee-epithelial cells.
• I-Sarcoma: Le ayixhaphakanga kangako kune-carcinoma. Ii-Sarcomas ziqala kwiindawo ezifana nethambo, izicubu ezidityanisiweyo (umz., i-cartilage, imisipha), kunye nezicubu ezithambileyo (umz., izihlunu, amafutha, imithambo-luvo). Zenziwe ngohlobo lweseli olubizwa ngokuba zii-mesenchymal cells.

Ngoko ke, kwimeko ye-sarcomatoid carcinoma, ithumba eliqulethe iiseli kunye nezicubu ezinxulumene ne-carcinoma kunye ne-sarcoma lenzaka. Ezi thumba zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye zinokusasazeka (zisasazeke) kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Xa oku kusasazeka, izicubu eziphilileyo emzimbeni ziyakonakala.

Kuphi apho oku kwenzeka rhoqo emzimbeni?

Xa usiva igama elithi sarcomatoid carcinoma, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ulinxulumanisa nemiphunga yakho . Nangona kunjalo, olu hlobo lomhlaza, oluneempawu zecarcinoma kunye nesarcoma, lunokubakho nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Umzekelo:

• Ulusu
• Ithambo
• Umlomo
• Indlala yegilo
• Amabele
• Isisu
• Ndibonise uthando
• Isibindi
• I-Pancreas
• Isibeleko
• I-Prostate
• Isinyi
• Izintso
• Isithuba esiphakathi kwesifuba (esi sibizwa ngokuba yi-"Mediastinum". Izinto ezifana nentliziyo, i-trachea, kunye ne-thymus gland zilapha)

Kuthiwa i-Sarcomatoid carcinoma, eqala emiphungeni, isasazeka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Ngale ndlela, inokusasazeka kwiindawo ezininzi ngaxeshanye, njenge-adrenal glands, ubuchopho, amathambo, isibindi, izintso, i-peritoneum, i-pancreas, ulusu kunye nentliziyo.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zale nto?

Ewe, iWorld Health Organisation (WHO) yahlulahlula i-sarcomatoid carcinoma kwiintlobo ezintlanu eziphambili ngo-2015. Uhlobo ngalunye kwezi lubizwa ngokuba yi-"non-small cell lung carcinoma engafaniyo kakuhle." "Ukwahlulwahlulwa kakubi" kuthetha ukuba iiseli aziqhelekanga kangangokuba kunzima ukutsho ukuba loluphi uhlobo. Umhlaza wemiphunga ongengoweseli encinci luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza wemiphunga olukhula kwaye lusasazeka ngokukhawuleza.

Ezi ntlobo zintlanu zezi:

• Ii-Pleomorphic carcinomas: Ezi zineempawu ze-carcinomas ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, ubuncinci i-10% yazo zihlala zineempawu ze-sarcoma. Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-sarcomatoid carcinoma.
• I-Spindle-cell carcinoma: Olu hlobo lomhlaza lufumene igama lalo ngenxa yendlela iiseli zalo ezibonakala ngayo xa zijongwa nge-microscope. Zinde, zincinci, kwaye zifana nee-spindles zevili elijikelezayo.
• I-Giant cell carcinoma: Le ineeseli ezinkulu ezicwangciswe ngendlela efana ne-sarcomas. Ezi zihlala zenzeka kwinxalenye ephezulu yemiphunga.
• I-Carcinosarcoma: Oku kuquka izicubu ezivela kwiintlobo ezithile ze-carcinoma, ezifana ne-adenocarcinoma kunye ne-squamous cell carcinoma. Kukwaquka nezicubu ze-sarcoma ezingaqhelekanga neziphuhlileyo.
• I-pulmonary blastoma: Olu luhlobo lwe-adenocarcinoma olufana nezicubu zemiphunga zemveku engekazalwa. Iiseli ze-Mesenchymal (ezifana nee-sarcomas) nazo zinokubonakala.

Ngubani onokuthi aphuhlise oku ngakumbi?

I-Sarcomatoid Carcinoma ixhaphake kakhulu kumadoda . Ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abasebenzisa iimveliso zecuba ngoku okanye abakhe bazisebenzisa ngaphambili . Ubudala obuqhelekileyo bokuxilongwa bumalunga neminyaka engama-65.

Kuqheleke kangakanani oku?

Olu luhlobo lomhlaza olungaqhelekanga kakhulu . I-Sarcomatoid Carcinoma ibandakanya ipesenti encinci kakhulu yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza wemiphunga, phakathi kwe-0.1% kunye ne-0.4%.

Zithini iimpawu zoku?

Iimpawu ozifumanayo zixhomekeke ekubeni umhlaza usasazeke phi emzimbeni wakho. Ukuba une-sarcomatoid carcinoma yemiphunga, unokufumana iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukukhwehlela (okungapheliyo)
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla)
• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ukopha nge-mucus
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu

Kutheni kusenzeka into enje?

Oogqirha bakholelwa ukuba unobangela omkhulu we-sarcomatoid carcinoma yinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT)." Ngamafutshane, kulapho iiseli ze-epithelial ezinomhlaza kwi-non-small cell lung carcinoma zitshintsha khona, kwaye ezinye zazo ziguquka zibe ziiseli ze-mesenchymal. Iiseli ezinomhlaza ezitshintshileyo ngale ndlela zisasazeka ngokukhawuleza emzimbeni wonke.

Olu tshintsho lweeseli kunye nokukhula ngokukhawuleza kudla ngokunxulunyaniswa notshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo kwiiseli . Uyazi, iijini zethu ziyimiyalelo exelela iiseli indlela yokuziphatha. Utshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo lutshintsho okanye impazamo kuloo miyalelo. Izazinzulu zifumene inani leenguqu zezakhi zofuzo ezinxulumene ne-sarcomatoid carcinoma.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko ezichaphazela oku?

Into ebangela umngcipheko yinto eyonyusa amathuba okufumana isifo. Kwimeko ye-sarcomatoid carcinoma, ukutshaya yeyona nto iphambili neyaziwa kakhulu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba phakathi kwama-80% nama-90% abantu abafumana lo mhlaza wemiphunga ngabatshayi bangoku okanye bangaphambili.

Ungalibali ukuba ukuyeka ukutshaya kunokukukhusela kwizifo ezininzi zemiphunga, kuquka nomhlaza ofana nalo.

Ugqirha uyibona njani le nto?

Ugqirha wakho uza kuqala akuhlole aze, ukuba kuyimfuneko, enze iinkqubo ezithile zokufota. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba le yi-sarcomatoid carcinoma, kufuneka kwenziwe i-biopsy ukuze kuhlolwe iiseli zomhlaza.

• Ukufota: Ugqirha unokwenza i-CT scan ukuze abone ukuba umhlaza ukuphi na. Ukuze ufumane umbono ocacileyo wangaphakathi emzimbeni, kunokwenziwa i-CT/PET scan okanye i-F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET scan. I-CT/PET scan idibanisa iimvavanyo ezimbini (i-CT kunye ne-PET) ngaxeshanye. I-Fluorodeoxyglucose yikhemikhali efakwa emzimbeni ngexesha le-PET scan. Iqokelela iiseli zomhlaza, nto leyo eyenza zibonakale ngakumbi kwi-scan.

• I-Histopathology: I-Histopathology luvavanyo lwe-microscope lwesampulu yezicubu zomhlaza ezithathwe kwi-biopsy. Inkangeleko yeeseli inokunceda ugqirha ukuba afumanise ukuba yi-sarcomatoid carcinoma na, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, loluphi uhlobo lwayo (umz., i-pleomorphic carcinoma, i-spindle cell carcinoma).

• I-Immunohistochemistry:Olu vavanyo lukhangela izinto ezibizwa ngokuba zii-antigens ezinxulumene neentlobo ezithile zeeseli. Ezinye ii-antigens zinokubona iseli njengengaqhelekanga okanye enobungozi.

Iphathwa njani?

Olona nyango lusebenzayo kulo mhlaza kukuhlinzwa ukususa lonke ithumba. I-chemotherapy inokunceda ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo emva kotyando. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwexesha, umhlaza usasazeke ngexesha lokuxilongwa kwawo, ngoko ke utyando lusenokungenzeki. Ukuba kukho iingxaki ezifana neentlungu, ukopha, okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla, unyango lwemitha lunokunikwa.

Kwimeko ye-sarcomatoid carcinoma, uvavanyo lweklinikhi lunokuba lolona khetho lufanelekileyo lonyango. Uvavanyo lweklinikhi luphononongo oluvavanya ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle konyango olutsha. Oososayensi okwangoku baphanda unyango olunokunceda ukwandisa ixesha onokuphila ngalo mhlaza. Ezimbini zazo zezi:

• Unyango olujoliswe kulo: Oku kuquka ukujolisa kwiimpawu ezithile ezibangela ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zande ngokungalawulekiyo.
• Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Oku kuvuselela inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela, kuyinceda ekufumaneni nasekutshabalaliseni iiseli zomhlaza.

Singenza ntoni ukunciphisa umngcipheko?

Ngokukhetha ukungazisebenzisi iimveliso zecuba, unganciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba ne-sarcomatoid carcinoma, kunye neminye imingxunya emininzi yemiphunga. Eli lelona nyathelo libalulekileyo onokulithatha.

Ngaba oku kunganyangwa ngokupheleleyo?

Enyanisweni, i-sarcomatoid carcinoma luhlobo lomhlaza oluhlala kunzima ukulunyanga ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko izazinzulu zifunda ngakumbi ngeempawu zeeseli zezi thumba, ezifana nokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo, ziyakwazi ukuvelisa unyango olutsha olujolise kuzo. Ukuba ufunyaniswe unale sifo, unokufaneleka ukuba uthathe inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi oluvavanya unyango olutsha. Buza ugqirha wakho ngale nto.

Unexesha elingakanani uphila nesi sifo?

Kunzima ukutsho ukuba uza kuhlala ixesha elingakanani kule meko, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele. Ngokomndilili, izinga lokusinda eliphakathi limalunga neenyanga ezili-10. Izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu limalunga ne-15%. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zibalo azisebenzi kubo bonke abantu ngokufanayo. Zininzi izinto ezinokuchaphazela imeko yakho:

• Uhlobo oluthile lweseli kumhlaza.
• Zeziphi iinguqu zezakhi zofuzo ezenzekileyo?
• Ixesha elithathiweyo ukususela ekuqaleni kweempawu ukuya ekuxilongweni kwesi sifo.
• Ukuba umhlaza ukhule kangakanani kwaye wonakalise izicwili ezisempilweni.
• Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani.
• Ingaba ugqirha angayisusa ngokupheleleyo na ithumba lomhlaza.

Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo ngayo yonke le nto nogqirha wakho ukuze ufumane ukuqonda okuchanekileyo ngemeko yakho.

Yeyiphi imibuzo ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyibuze ugqirha?

Xa ufumanisa ukuba une-sarcomatoid carcinoma, ungaziva uxhalabile kwaye udidekile kuba le mihlaza yahlukahlukene kwaye inzima. Kubalulekile ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga neendlela zakho zonyango kunye nendlela esiya kuqhubeka ngayo esi sifo kwixesha elizayo. Ugqirha wakho unokukuchazela into omawuyilindele ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zeeseli zakho zomhlaza kunye nendawo apho umhlaza ukhoyo emzimbeni wakho.

Nantsi eminye imibuzo onokuyibuza ugqirha wakho:

• Ingaba umhlaza wam usasazekile?
• Umhlaza wam unzima kangakanani?
• Luhlobo luni lonyango olucetyiswayo?
• Zeziphi iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ekufuneka zilindelwe kunyango?
• Ucinga ukuba kungaba ngumbono olungileyo ukuba ndifumane uluvo lwesibini lwezonyango?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndisebenze neengcali zokhathalelo lwentlungu?
• Ngaba ndiyafaneleka ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi?

Ugqirha wakho angakunika ulwazi oludingayo, akuthumele kwiimvavanyo zeklinikhi ukuba uyafaneleka, aze akuncede ufumane unyango lokudambisa iintlungu.

Izinto ekufuneka sizikhumbule

Kulungile, ngoko ke, ngokwezinto esithethe ngazo ngeSarcomatoid Carcinoma, nazi izinto eziphambili ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• Olu luhlobo lomhlaza olungaqhelekanga nolunobundlongondlongo olusasazeka ngokukhawuleza.
• Oku kubonisa iimpawu ze-carcinoma kunye ne-sarcoma.
• Ukutshaya yeyona nto iphambili ebangela oku.
• Iimpawu zixhomekeke ekubeni umhlaza ukuphi. Emiphungeni, iimpawu zingabandakanya ukukhwehlela kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla.
• Uvavanyo olukhethekileyo (i-biopsy, i-imaging) luyafuneka ukuze kufunyanwe isifo.
• Iindlela zonyango zinzima. Ukongeza kutyando, i-chemotherapy, kunye nonyango lwe-radiation, unyango olutsha (unyango olujoliswe kulo, unyango lwe-immunotherapy) nalo luyaqwalaselwa.
• Nangona amathuba okuchacha ngokupheleleyo esezantsi, uphando olutsha lunika ithemba.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho ngemeko yakho uze ufumane yonke into ngokucacileyo.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luza kukunceda. Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu malunga noku, nceda uzive ukhululekile ukubonana nogqirha.

I- Sarcomatoid carcinoma, umhlaza, umhlaza wemiphunga, ukutshaya, iimpawu zomhlaza, unyango lomhlaza, i-carcinoma