Nangona ungatshayi, ngaba uyalumkela umsi osetyenziswa ngabanye abantu? Masithethe ngomsi osetyenziswa ngabanye abantu!

Sonke siyazi ukuba ukutshaya kuyingozi kangakanani emzimbeni wakho. Kodwa ngaba wakha wacinga ukuba nokuba awutshayi, umsi wecuba lomnye umntu unokuba yingozi efanayo emzimbeni wakho? Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-"Secondhand Smoke" okanye " ukutshaya ngaphandle kokutshaya." Ngamafutshane, lo ngumsi wecuba ongawufumezi ngabom, kodwa ukho kwindawo ohlala kuyo.

Ngoko ke yintoni le "Somsi Osetyenziswa Yisibini"?

Kulula kakhulu. "Umsi oSetyenzisiweyo" ngokusisiseko yindibaniselwano yamacandelo amabini.

1. Umsi okhutshwa ngqo emoyeni xa kukhanyiswa icuba, icuba, okanye ipayipi. Le yeyona ndawo inobungozi, kuba ayicocwa ngesihluzo.
2. Umsi ophuma kumphefumlo womntu otshaya icuba.

Ngoko ke, ukuba umntu utshaya icuba kufutshane nawe, kusenokwenzeka ukuba uphefumle zombini ezi ntlobo zomsi. Musa ukucinga ukuba, "Anditshayi, ngoko ke yintoni ingxaki yam?" Ubusazi na ukuba eMelika kuphela, ukutshaya ngaphandle kokusebenzisa utywala kubangela ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kwama-7,000 ngenxa yomhlaza wemiphunga kunye nokufa kwabantu abangaphezu kwama-33,000 ngenxa yezifo zentliziyo ngonyaka? Loo nto ibaluleke kakhulu.

Le "smoke yakudala" ikwabizwa ngokuba:

• Ukutshaya ngaphandle kokutshaya
• Ukutshaya kwindawo esingqongileyo
• Ukutshaya ngokungeyomfuneko

Kuyingozi kangakanani ngokwenene ukutshaya ngaphandle kokutshaya?

Khawucinge nje, xa icuba litshiswa, kukhutshwa inani elikhulu leekhemikhali eziyingozi , esizibiza ngokuba yi-'(toxins)'. Nokuba awuyitshayi icuba, xa uphefumla umsi womnye umntu, zonke ezi tyhefu zingena emzimbeni wakho. Ingakumbi umsi ovela ngqo esiphelweni secuba, kuba awuhluzwanga, ngamanye amaxesha unokuba yingozi ngaphezu komsi ofuthwa ngumtshayi.

Kuthiwa kukho iikhemikhali ezingaphezu kwama-7,000 kumsi wecuba. Malunga nama-69 azo abangela umhlaza, okanye "izinto ezibangela umhlaza" . Ezinye ezingama-250 ziyingozi ngqo kwimpilo yakho.

Ezinye zezi khemikhali ziyingozi zezi:

Xa usiva ezi zinto, ungacinga ukuba lo msi umbi kangakanani.

Ngaba ukutshaya ngaphandle kokutshaya kubi kunokutshaya icuba?

Hayi, awunakutsho loo nto. Ukutshaya ngokuthe ngqo yeyona nto iyingozi empilweni. Nangona kunjalo, oko akuthethi ukuba ukutshaya ngaphandle kokutshaya akunabungozi. Abo baphefumla ukutshaya ngaphandle kokutshaya nabo bayachaphazeleka ziikhemikhali ezikuloo msi. Oko kuyingozi kakhulu.

Yintoni imiphumo esinayo kuthi xa sitshaya ngaphandle kokutshaya?

Iziphumo ezingezizo zokutshaya ngaphandle kokutshaya ziyingozi kakhulu kubantu abadala nakubantwana abancinci ngokufanayo. Zinokubangela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zempilo, ukusuka kumngcipheko ophezulu womhlaza wemiphunga nesifo sentliziyo ukuya kwiintsholongwane ezihlala zikho endlebeni.

Imiphumo yokutshaya ngaphandle kokutshaya kubantu abadala

Ukutshaya ngaphandle kokutshaya kwenzakalisa umzimba wakho ngeendlela ezininzi. Abantu abadala abachatshazelwa kukutshaya ngaphandle kokutshaya banokuba neemeko ezifana nezi:

• Isifo sentliziyo: uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezuluIzinto ezifana ne-arteriosclerosis, ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, kunye ne-stroke.
• Iingxaki zemiphunga: Iimeko ezifana nesifo esingapheliyo sokuvaleka kwemiphunga (COPD) kunye ne-asthma.
• Umngcipheko okhulayo womhlaza: ingakumbi umhlaza wemiphunga kunye nomhlaza webele.
• Iingxaki zempilo yokuzala: Ukuchatshazelwa kukutshaya ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umsi ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunokubangela ukuba abantwana bazalwe benobunzima obuphantsi.

Imiphumo yokutshaya ngaphandle kokutshaya ebantwaneni abancinci

Ngenxa yokuba imizimba yabantwana abancinci neentsana isakhula, umonakalo abanokuwufumana ngenxa yomsi ophuma kwicuba unzima kakhulu. Banamathuba amaninzi okuhlangabezana noku kulandelayo:

• Iingxaki zokuphefumla ezifana nokukhohlela rhoqo, ukuthimla, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla.
• Usulelo lwendlebe oluhlala luhleli nolungapheliyo.
• Ukuhlaselwa rhoqo kwesifuba esibuhlungu ngakumbi.
• Izifo zomchamo, umzekelo, i-bronchitis okanye i-pneumonia.
• Ukonakala kwamehlo namazinyo.
• Isifo Sokufa Kweentsana Ngesiquphe (SIDS).
• Umngcipheko okhulayo weethumba zobuchopho kunye nomhlaza wemiphunga.

Ngenxa yezi meko ziyingozi, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kubantwana bakho, kusapho lwakho nakubantu obathandayo kukuyeka ukutshaya. Buza ugqirha wakho ngeendlela zokufumana uncedo.

Ukutshaya umsi womntu otshayayo kunokubangela umonakalo ixesha elingakanani?

Akukho xesha "likhuselekileyo" lokudibana nomsi ophuma komnye umntu. Umonakalo ungaqala kwimizuzu emihlanu nje kuphela. Izifundo zibonise ukuba umonakalo ungaqala kwimizuzu emihlanu nje kuphela. Iimpendulo zokuphefumla kunye nokudumba zenzeka phantse ngoko nangoko.

• Emva kwemizuzu emi-5: Imithambo yakho yegazi ayiguquguquki kangako, njengomntu otshaya icuba.
• Emva kwemizuzu engama-20-30: Igazi liqala ukujiya, kwaye ukugcinwa kwamafutha kwimithambo yegazi kwandisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nestroke.
• Emva kweeyure ezimbini: Ukuphazamiseka kwesingqisho sentliziyo (i-arrhythmia) kunokubakho, okukhokelela ekuhlaselweni yintliziyo okanye esinye isifo sentliziyo esinzima.

Ngaba ukhe wayibona indlela eyingozi ngayo, nokuba kungomzuzwana nje?

Umsi wecuba osetyenziswa ngomnye umntu uhlala ixesha elingakanani kwigumbi?

Umsi otshayiswa ngumntu omnye ungahlala egumbini ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezintlanu. Enyanisweni, lo msi ungahamba ngezinyuko kwaye udlule nakwiiyunithi zokungenisa umoya. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantu abahlala kwizakhiwo zeeflethi banokuba semngciphekweni nokuba abaphumanga emakhayeni abo.

Okuyingozi nangakumbi kukuba amasuntswana amancinci kumsi wecuba angahlala kwifenitshala, eludongeni, nakwiikhaphethi kangangeenyanga. Oku kubizwa ngokuba ngumsi we-thirdhand . Oku kuyingozi kakhulu, ingakumbi kubantwana abancinci abadlala phantsi.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokutshaya ngaphandle kokutshaya?

Nabani na ochatshazelwa kukutshaya icuba uchatshazelwa ngumsi otshaywa ngabanye abantu, kodwa amanye amaqela asengozini enkulu:

• Abantu abakwishishini leenkonzo: Umzekelo, abantu abasebenza kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke apho kuvunyelwe ukutshaya, njengabasebenzi beendawo zokutyela kunye nabasebenzi beebhari, banengxaki yokuphuma kuloo nto.
• Iintsana, abantwana abancinci, kunye nezilwanyana zasekhaya: Abantwana abancinci kunye nezilwanyana abanakukhetha ukuphuma kwigumbi elizele ngumsi. Ukuvezwa rhoqo kwandisa umngcipheko wokwenzakala.

Ukuba ukhulelwe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ukuba ukutshaya ngaphandle kokutshaya kunciphisa umlinganiselo weoksijini efunyanwa ngumntwana wakho esibelekweni. Oku kunokunyusa izinga lokubetha kwentliziyo yomntwana kwaye kukhokelele ekuzalweni okuphantsi okanye ekuzalweni ngaphambi kwexesha.

Ngaba ukutshaya ngaphandle kokutshaya kungabangela umhlaza?

Ewe, unako. Ngokutsho kweZiko loLawulo lweZifo kunye nokuThintela (i-CDC), ukutshaya ngaphandle kokusebenzisa utywala kunokubangela ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kwama-7,300 abanomhlaza wemiphunga ngonyaka kubantu abadala abangatshayiyo.

Singazikhusela njani ekutshayeni ngaphandle kokutshaya?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuphepha ukuvezwa kukuhlala kude neendawo apho abantu batshaya khona. Oko kuthetha ukuphepha iindawo ezifana neeholo zeekonsathi kunye neendawo apho abantu bavunyelwe ukutshaya khona.

Ukuvula iifestile okanye ukusebenzisa izihluzi zomoya akunakuyisusa ngokupheleleyo intuthu yomntu otshayayo. Nangona kunjalo, zinokunceda ekunciphiseni ezinye zetyhefu ezikutshayayo. Akukho nto imbi ngokuxelela umntu ukuba angatshayi ekhayeni lakho okanye emotweni yakho.

Ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukuze uzikhusele ekutshayeni ngaphandle kokutshaya:

• Hlala kude neendawo zokutshaya kwaye uhlale okanye uhlale kwindawo engenamsi.
• Yiya kwiindawo apho ukutshaya kungavumelekanga khona.
• Yazisa iindwendwe eziza ekhayeni lakho kwangethuba ukuba ukutshaya akuvumelekanga ngaphakathi endlwini.
• Musa ukuvumela abakhweli emotweni yakho ukuba batshaye ngaphakathi, nokuba iifestile zivuliwe.

Inani labantu abasebenzisa iimveliso zecuba liye lehla kancinci kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Nangona kunjalo, olunye uphando lufumanise ukuba umntu omnye kwaba-4 abangatshayiyo usathi uphefumla umsi osetyenziswa ngabanye abantu. Khumbula, ekuphela kwendlela yokuzikhusela ngokupheleleyo kukuhlala kude nabantu abatshayayo.

Injani imeko yabo basengozini yokutshaya umsi ophuma kwabanye abantu?

Ukutshaya umsi rhoqo kunokonakalisa intliziyo yakho nemiphunga. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuhlala usempilweni kukuphepha ukutshaya umsi otshayayo. Ngethamsanqa, izixeko ezininzi kunye namanye amazwe ngoku akuvalanga ukutshaya kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, njengoko ulwazi ngeengozi zalo luye lwanda. Nangona ezi zithintelo zinciphisa umngcipheko wakho, aziwuphelisi ngokupheleleyo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba usoloko utshaya, kulungile ukubona ugqirha wakho. Ungambuza malunga neengozi zomsi otshaya umntu otshayayo kunye neendlela zokuhlala usempilweni. Ukuba unesifo sentliziyo okanye iingxaki zokuphefumla ngenxa yokuqhubeka ubhenca umsi otshaya umntu otshayayo, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neendlela zokulawula loo msi.

Ugqirha wakho unokukwazi ukunyanga iimpawu ezithile okanye iimeko ezibangelwa kukutshaya umsi. Umzekelo, ungadinga amayeza okulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu okanye ii-inhalers zokunyanga izifo ezifana ne-asthma okanye i-COPD.