Ngaba nawe unengxaki yokuva? Masifunde nge-(Ukulahlekelwa Kukuva Kweendlebe Ze-Sensorineural)!

Ngaba wakha wanengxaki yokuva umntu ethetha? Okanye, wakha wanyanzeleka ukuba unyuse isandi seTV? Isenokuba yingxaki yendlebe. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngenye yezi meko, ethi `(Sensorineural Hearing Loss)` okanye `(SNHL)`. Ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula.

Yintoni i-Sensorineural Hearing Loss?

Ngamafutshane, `(Ukulahlekelwa Kukuva Kweendlebe)` kukuphazamiseka kokuva okubangelwa kukonakala kwenxalenye engaphakathi yendlebe yakho (`(indlebe yangaphakathi)`) . Khawuthelekelele, kukho iiseli ezincinci zeenwele (`(iiseli zeenwele)`) ngaphakathi kweendlebe zethu ezibamba amaza esandi kwaye ziwaguqule abe yimiqondiso enokuqondwa yingqondo. Ezi zisebenza njengemakrofoni. Ngoko ke, ukuba ezi `(iiseli zeenwele)` zonakele, asiva isandi sininzi.

Le meko inokubangelwa ngumkhuhlane okhawulezileyo, ukwenzakala entloko, okanye ukuvezwa yingxolo enkulu, efana nokuqhuma kwebhombu. Ngamanye amaxesha, oku kulahlekelwa kukuva kunokuba mandundu kancinci njengoko ukhula. Kwakhona, abanye abantu bazalwa benale meko.

Xa une-SNHL, usenokungakwazi ukuva izinto ezithethwa kancinci. Nokuba usiva ingxolo enkulu, usenokungakwazi ukuva ngokucacileyo, kwaye usenokungaziva kakuhle. Into ebuhlungu kukuba ezi seli zeenwele ezonakeleyo azikwazi ukuphinda zivelise okanye ziphilise . Ke ngoko, i-SNHL idla ngokuba yimeko esisigxina . Kodwa ungakhathazeki, ngoncedo lwezixhobo zokuncedisa ukuva, unokuphucula kakhulu ukuva kwakho kwaye uphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo zezi?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili ze-`(Sensorineural Hearing Loss)`. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi:

• `(Unilateral sensorineural hearing loss)`: Oku kwenzeka xa ukuva kwakho kuphazamisekile kwindlebe enye kuphela .
• `(Ukulahlekelwa kukuva kwe-sensorineural)`: Kule meko, ukuva kuyaphazamiseka kuzo zombini iindlebe .
• Ukulahlekelwa kukuva okungaqhelekanga: Kule meko, ukuva kuyaphazamiseka kuzo zombini iindlebe, kodwa enye indlebe ayiva kakuhle kunenye .
• `(Ukulahlekelwa kukuva ngequbuliso kwe-sensorineural)`: Le yingxamiseko yezonyango . Oku kwenzeka xa ulahlekelwa kukuva ngequbuliso kwiiyure ezingama-72 emva kokwenzakala, ukugula, okanye ukuvezwa yingxolo enkulu (cinga ngee-firecrackers ngexesha loNyaka oMtsha, ukudubula ngezibhamu). Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Ukulahlekelwa kukuva nge-sensorineural, ingakumbi uhlobo oluhambelana nobudala, yenye yezona ngxaki zokuva zixhaphakileyo kubantu abadala. Ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-50 ukuya kwengama-70.

Imeko ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili ethi "Ukulahlekelwa kukuva ngequbuliso" , ethetha ukulahlekelwa kukuva ngequbuliso kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, ichaphazela malunga nomntu omnye ukuya kwabathandathu kwabayi-5,000 ngonyaka. Oko kuthetha ukuba ayiqhelekanga kangako.

Zithini iimpawu?

Ukuba une-`(Ukulahlekelwa Kukuva Kweendlebe Ze-Sensorineural)`, jonga ukuba unazo na ezi mpawu:

• Ngaba uvakalelwa kukuba kulula ukuva oko kuthethwa ngabantu abanelizwi eliphantsi kunabo bathetha ngelizwi eliphezulu?
• Ngaba kunzima ukuqonda oko kuthethwayo kwiindawo ezixineneyo nezinengxolo? Umzekelo, kuloliwe, ebhasini, okanye evenkileni.
• Xa abanye abantu bethetha, uyabeva bethetha, hayi ngokucacileyo?
• Ngaba unesandi sokukhala (`(tinnitus)`) esivela ngaphakathi ezindlebeni zakho ?
• Xa abantu abaninzi bethetha kunye, ngaba kunzima ukulandela incoko?
• Ngaba izinto ozivayo zivakala zinzima, zingacacanga, kwaye zingavakali kakuhle?

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kungcono ukubona ugqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso.

Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Zithini izizathu?

Eyona nto iphambili `(Ukulahlekelwa Kukuva Kweendlebe)` kukonakala kwendlebe yangaphakathi . Ngokukodwa, kubangelwa kukonakala okanye ukutshatyalaliswa kweeseli ezincinci zeenwele (`(iiseli zeenwele)`) kwinxalenye yendlebe yangaphakathi ebizwa ngokuba yi`(cochlea)` ebamba isandi, okanye i-nerve (`(vestibulocochlear nerve)`) ethwala imiqondiso yesandi ebuchotsheni.

Abanye abantu bazalwa benale meko, efana nokunqongophala kweoksijini ngexesha lokukhula komntwana ongekazalwa. Abanye bayikhula kamva ebomini, ngenxa yezifo ezahlukeneyo, ukwenzakala, ukuvezwa kwingxolo enkulu (umzekelo, umntu osebenza kumzi-mveliso uva ingxolo yoomatshini ixesha elide), okanye ngenxa yokwaluphala okuqhelekileyo.

Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?

Into enobungozi yinto eyonyusa amathuba okufumana isifo. Kukho izinto ezininzi ezinobungozi ezinokuchaphazela uphuhliso lwe-SNHL:

• I-Acoustic neuroma: Le yithumba elingengomhlaza elikhula ngaphakathi endlebeni. Linokubeka uxinzelelo endlebeni engaphakathi kwaye lichaphazele ukuva.
• Ukwaluphala: Njengoko sikhula, iiseli zeenwele ezincinci ngaphakathi endlebeni ziya zisiba buthathaka kancinci kancinci. Oku kuqhelekile.
• Isifo sikaMénière: Esi sisifo sendlebe esingapheliyo esinokubangela iimpawu ezifana ne-vertigo (vertigo) kunye ne-tinnitus (ukukhala ezindlebeni).
• Amayeza athile (`(Ototoxicity)`): Amanye amayeza (umzekelo, amanye amayeza omhlaza, amanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane) anokubangela umonakalo kwindlebe yangaphakathi njengesiphumo esibi.
• Ezinye iimeko zesifo (`(iimeko zenkqubo)`):Izifo ezithile, ezifana nesifo seswekile kunye ne-meningitis, zinokuphazamisa ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya endlebeni yangaphakathi okanye zibangele ukudumba kwemithambo-luvo ye-vestibulocochlear.
• Ukulimala kwengqondo okubuhlungu: Ukubethwa kakhulu entloko kungonakalisa indlebe yangaphakathi, kuphazamise ukuhamba kwegazi, kwaye konyuse uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwentloko. Zonke ezi zinto zinokubangela i-SNHL.

Ngamanye amaxesha, oogqirha abakwazi ukufumana unobangela ochanekileyo woku. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ibizwa ngokuba yi-"idiopathic SNHL".

Uyibona njani le nto?

Ukuba ucinga ukuba unengxaki yokuva, into yokuqala omawuyenze kukubona ugqirha, ingakumbi ingcali yendlebe, impumlo, nomqala (ingcali yamehlo okanye ugqirha we-ENT).

Ugqirha uza kuqala ajonge ngaphakathi endlebeni yakho aze ajonge ngaphakathi . Emva koko, uza kujonga ngaphakathi endlebeni yakho ngesixhobo esincinci esikhanyisiweyo esibizwa ngokuba yi-"otoscope." Oku kunokunceda ekufumaneni nantoni na engaqhelekanga ngaphakathi endlebeni ephazamisana nokuva kwakho.

Ukongeza, ugqirha unokukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ingaba ukulahlekelwa kukuva kwakho kwenzeke ngequbuliso okanye kancinci kancinci?
• Ukuba oku kuhamba kancinci kancinci, kuqale nini oku?
• Ngaba uva ngcono kwenye indlebe kunenye?
• Ngaba ukhe wagula kutshanje? Ngaba ukhe wenzakala entloko?
• Ngaba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onengxaki yokuva kakuhle?

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo?

Okulandelayo, kuya kufuneka ube nengcali yokuva (ugqirha wendlebe) enze uvavanyo oluthile lokuva ukuze afumanise ukuba ukuva kwakho kunjani kanye kanye. Olu vavanyo lunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba une-SNHL okanye olunye uhlobo lokulahlekelwa kukuva.

Nazi ezinye zeemvavanyo ezinjalo:

• Uvavanyo lwe-acoustic reflex: Olu vavanyo luvavanya ukuba isihlunu esincinci esiphakathi kwendlebe yakho (isihlunu esijikelezayo) sincipha kangakanani xa sisabela kwisandi esikhulu.
• Impendulo ye-Auditory brainstem: Oku kuquka ukuncamathisela ii-electrode ezincinci entlokweni yakho, ukukutyhilela izandi ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokulinganisa indlela amaza akho engqondo asabela ngayo kuzo.
• Uvavanyo lokuqhuba amathambo: Oku kuthumela isandi ngqo endlebeni yakho yangaphakathi. Oku kunceda ekumiseleni uhlobo lokulahlekelwa kukuva onalo.
• Ukukhutshwa kwe-Otoacoustic (OAEs): Oku kulinganisa ukungcangcazela okuvela ngaphakathi endlebeni yakho, okunxulumene nesandi. Oku kunokubonisa ukuba kukho na ukuvaleka endlebeni okanye ukuba kukho ukulahlekelwa kukuva.
• `(I-Pure-tone audiometry)`: Kulapho ufumana khona izandi onokuziva ngamandla ahlukeneyo (`(iifrequencies)` okanye iipitches).
• `(I-Speech audiometry)`: Oku kuvavanya ukuba uwaqonda kakuhle kangakanani amagama kunye nokuba ungayiphinda kancinci kangakanani into ethethwayo.
• Uvavanyo lwefolokhwe yokulungisa:Uvavanyo olufana novavanyo lukaWeber kunye novavanyo lukaRinne. Olu vavanyo lunokwenziwa yingcali yendlebe, impumlo nomqala. Oku kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba unengxaki yokuva nge-'sensorineural' okanye 'conductive' (ukulahlekelwa kukuva okubangelwa yingxaki endlebeni engaphandle okanye ephakathi).
• I-Tympanometry: Oku kuvumela ugqirha ukuba abone ukuba iindlebe zakho zihamba kakuhle kangakanani xa zisabela kwizandi.

Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha unokufuna ukuhlola imithambo-luvo yakho yentloko okanye enze uvavanyo lwemifanekiso, olufana ne-MRI okanye i-CT scan.

Zithini iindlela zonyango?

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango zokulahlekelwa kukuva kwe-sensorineural. Unyango olukufaneleyo luya kuxhomekeka kubukhali bemeko yakho kunye nesizathu.

• Izixhobo zokuva: Ezi zifana nezithethi ezincinci. Ziyandisa izandi zangaphandle kwaye zenze kube lula kuwe ukuva. Ngoku kukho izixhobo zokuva eziphucuke kakhulu, ezincinci, nezingabonakaliyo.
• Ii-Cochlear implants: Ezi zizixhobo ezifakwe ngotyando ezidala indlela entsha yokuba imiqondiso yesandi ihambe ngqo engqondweni, idlule indlebe yangaphakathi eyonakeleyo. Oku kuluncedo kakhulu kubantu abanengxaki yokuva kakhulu.
• Amayeza: Ukuba i-SNHL yakho ibangelwa kukudumba endlebeni okanye enye imeko, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza anjenge-corticosteroids.
• Izixhobo zokuncedisa ukuva ezisekelwe emathanjeni (i-BAHA): Ezi zifakwa ngotyando kwithambo lentloko. Zidlulisela isandi endlebeni engaphakathi ngokusebenzisa ukungcangcazela. Zinokuba luncedo ngakumbi kubantu abanengxaki yokuva nge-sensorineural unilateral.
• Ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo: Ngamanye amaxesha, ingakumbi ukuba i-SNHL yakho ayinzima kangako, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa "ukulinda ngononophelo." Oku kuthetha ukujonga imeko ngaphandle konyango.

Iyintoni ingqikelelo yokuchacha? (Ingqikelelo)

Ngokubanzi, amandla okuchacha kwi-SNHL axhomekeke kwisizathu esiyintloko kunye nobunzima bokulahlekelwa kukuva. Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-SNHL yimeko esisigxina. Oko kukuthi, kunzima ukuyinyanga ngokupheleleyo.

Kodwa ungalilahli ithemba! Ungayiphucula kakhulu indlela ova ngayo ngee-hearing aids okanye ii-cochlear implants, ezikuvumela ukuba ukonwabele ubomi ngaphandle kokunqunyulwa kwihlabathi elikungqongileyo.

Ukuba unengxaki yokuva ngequbuliso, kubalulekile ukufuna uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza . Okukhona uqala unyango ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona amathuba akho okufumana iziphumo ezilungileyo.

Ngaba oku kungathintelwa?

Inyaniso kukuba, i-SNHL ayinakuthintelwa rhoqo. Ikwaphenjelelwa zizinto esingenakuzilawula, njengokwaluphala. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezininzi onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho:

• Ukuba usebenzisa amayeza, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nemiphumo yawo . Amanye amayeza anokuba yingozi ezindlebeni.
• Jonga ukuva kwakho rhoqo ukuze ukwazi ukubona naziphi na iingxaki ngokukhawuleza.
• Sebenzisa ii-earplugs okanye ii-earmuffs xa ukwiindawo ezinomsindo. Umzekelo, kwiikonsathi, kwiindawo zokwakha, okanye xa usebenza kwimizi-mveliso. Khumbula, ukulahlekelwa kukuva ngenxa yengxolo enkulu kunokuthintelwa nge-100%!

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha:

• Ukuba uziva unesizungu (`(vertigo)`) okanye unengxaki ngokulinganisela kwakho (`(balance)`) .
• Ukuba awukwazi ukuva izinto kakuhle kwiindawo ezinengxolo, okanye xa abantu abaninzi bethetha ngaxeshanye, okanye ukuba kunzima ukuva.
• Ukuba unesandi sokukhala (`(tinnitus)`) ezindlebeni zakho.
• Ukuba uhlala ufuna ukunyusa isandi seTV okanye irediyo kunangaphambili.
• Ukuba ngequbuliso ubona utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela ova ngayo .

Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha?

Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-SNHL, kungcono ukubuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Yintoni ebangela ukuba ndingakwazi ukuva kakuhle?
• Ngaba kukho ithuba lokuba ukuva kwam kuya kuphucuka ngokuzenzekelayo?
• Ziziphi iindlela zonyango endinazo?
• Luhlobo luni lweziphumo endinokuzilindela kolu nyango?
• Ndifanele ndize kukubona kangaphi kwakhona (`(utyelelo olulandelayo)`)?

Ukuphila nokulahlekelwa kukuva kwe-sensorineural hearing (SNHL) kunokuba nzima. Izandi owawuzithanda zisenokungasacaci njengoko zazinjalo ngaphambili. Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive ulusizi, ukhathazekile, kwaye usoyika oku, ingakumbi xa uzibuza ukuba ingaba ukuva kwakho kuya kuze kuphucuke na. Kodwa ungalahli ithemba. Unyango olufana nezixhobo zokuva kunye nee-cochlear implants lunokukunceda uve ngcono kwaye uhlale unxibelelene nehlabathi. Ukuba ucinga ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo unokuba ne-SNHL, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, masikukhumbuze ngezinye zezinto esithethe ngazo ekufuneka uzikhumbule.

• Ukulahlekelwa Kukuva Kweenzwa (i-SNHL) luhlobo lokulahlekelwa kukuva oluhlala luhleli kwaye lubangelwa kukonakala kweeseli zeenwele ezithambileyo kwindlebe yangaphakathi.
• Oku kunokubangelwa kukwaluphala, ingxolo enkulu, izifo ezithile, ukwenzakala, kunye namayeza athile.
• Iimpawu zingabandakanya ukukhala ezindlebeni (i-tinnitus), ubunzima bokuva intetho, kunye nobunzima bokuva kwiindawo ezinengxolo.
• `(I-SNHL ekhawulezileyo)` yimeko engxamisekileyo apho ulahlekelwa kukuva ngequbuliso. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko.
• Ukuva kungaphuculwa ngonyango olufana nezixhobo zokuva kunye nee-cochlear implants.
• Ukukhusela iindlebe zakho kwingxolo enkulu kunokunciphisa umngcipheko we-SNHL.

Ngoko ke, ukuba unamathandabuzo amancinci malunga nokuva kwakho, musa ukuwatyeshela. Funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko. Leyo yeyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza.

Ukulahlekelwa kukuva nge - sensorineural, i-SNHL, isifo sendlebe, isixhobo sokuncedisa ukuva, i-cochlear implant, i-tinnitus