Ingaba unomhlaza wenxalenye ethambileyo yomlomo wakho? (Umhlaza weNtlalo ethambileyo) Masiqaphele oku!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ngenxalenye ethambileyo nenenyama yomlomo wakho, engasemva kophahla lomlomo wakho? Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-'soft palate'. Ngamanye amaxesha, njengakwezinye iindawo emzimbeni wethu, iiseli zomhlaza zinokukhula kule palate ithambileyo. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale 'Soft Palate Cancer'. Nangona kusenokuvakala kuyoyikisa xa usiva oku, ukuba uyazi, unokuzibona iimpawu kwangethuba kwaye ufune unyango.

Yintoni umhlaza we-Soft Palate?

Ngamafutshane, ikhala elithambileyo yinxalenye ethambileyo engasemva kophahla lomlomo wakho. Ngokuchanekileyo, yinxalenye ethambileyo, eshukumayo apho inxalenye emathanjeni, eqinileyo yophahla lomlomo wakho iphela khona ize iye emphinjeni. Xa umhlaza uvela kule ndawo, ubizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza wekhala elithambileyo.

Olu luhlobo lomhlaza oluvela emqaleni. Oogqirha balubeka njengo-`(Oropharynegal Cancer)`. Uninzi lwexesha, lo mhlaza uvela kuhlobo lweseli olubizwa ngokuba yi-`(Squamous Cell Carcinoma - SCC)`. Ezi seli ze-`(Squamous)` luhlobo lweeseli ezisicaba ezigubungela ingaphakathi lomlomo nomqala wethu. Ngesizathu esithile, ezi seli zahlukana ngendlela engaqhelekanga, ngokungalawulekiyo, kwaye zanda ngokukhawuleza, zenze iithumba ezinomhlaza.

Ingaba lo ngumhlaza oqhelekileyo?

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba oku kuqheleke kangakanani. Enyanisweni, asingomhlaza oqhelekileyo . Umzekelo, kwilizwe elifana ne-United States, kukho malunga ne-53,000 yeziganeko zomhlaza we-oropharyngeal ezixelwayo minyaka le, kwaye phakathi kwe-5% kunye ne-12% yazo zi-soft palate cancers. Oko kuthetha ukuba malunga nabantu abayi-2,000 ukuya kwi-6,000 abafumana le meko minyaka le. Eli linani eliphantsi leemeko xa kuthelekiswa nezinto ezifana nomhlaza wemiphunga.

Nangona kunjalo, nangona kungaqhelekanga, ayilocebo lilungileyo ukungayinaki le nto. Kuba ukuba umntu uyayifumana, inokuba yimeko enzima. Ngethamsanqa, lo mhlaza unokubonwa rhoqo ngaphambi kokuba usasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Emva koko kulula ukunyanga ngokususwa kwesi sifo ngotyando.

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza we-soft palate?

Ngoko ke, singazibona njani iimpawu zomhlaza wezicubu ezithambileyo? Lumka ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi:

• Isilonda esingasemva kophahla lomlomo, esibizwa ngokuba yi-soft palate. Esi silonda sinokuba buhlungu, sinokopha, kwaye sisenokungapholi okwethutyana.
• Kufana nebala elimhlophe emlonyeni, elingasukiyo emva kwexesha elithile. Oku ngamanye amaxesha kunokubangela ukuba libe bomvu.
• Umlomo onuka kakubi (iHalitosis) yimeko eyenzeka xa uhlamba amazinyo akho kwaye uhlamba umlomo wakho. Ukuba eli vumba alipheli, kufuneka ukhathazeke.
• Ubunzima bokuginya (Dysphagia). Kusenokuvakala ngathi ukutya okanye isiselo sinamathele emqaleni, okanye ungaziva iintlungu xa uginya.
• Iqhuma entanyeni. Usenokuziva ngathi kukho iqhuma elincinci entanyeni yakho. Ezi zisenokuba zii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo.
• Ubunzima bokuvula umlomo (iTrismus).Usenokuziva uxinene kwindawo yomhlathi, ngokungathi awukwazi ukuvula umlomo wakho ubanzi ngokwaneleyo.
• Umphimbo obuhlungu ongapheliyo (Pharyngitis). Ngokungafaniyo nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, lo mphimbo obuhlungu akufuneki utyeshelwe ukuba uhlala iiveki.
• Intlungu yendlebe. Ngamanye amaxesha unokuba neentlungu zendlebe, ingakumbi kwicala elinye kuphela.

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kungcono ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza uze uhlolwe.

Ubonakala njani umhlaza wempumlo ethambileyo?

Injani le cancer? Ingabonakala njengebala elimhlophe , isilonda esibomvu , okanye iqhuma elincinci entanyeni yakho ethambileyo. Incam ethambileyo yinxalenye ethambileyo nenenyama yomqala wakho ephela kwinxalenye eqinileyo yomlomo wakho. Yinxalenye ephambi kwe-uvula, efana nolwimi oluncinci oluxhonywe emqaleni wakho.

Kutheni le nto lo mhlaza wempumlo ethambileyo uvela?

Ixesha elininzi, lo mhlaza we-soft palate ubangelwa luhlobo lweseli olukhankanyiweyo ngaphambili olubizwa ngokuba yi-`(Squamous Cell Carcinoma - SCC)`. Ezi seli zifumaneka emlonyeni wethu nangaphakathi emqaleni wethu njengendwangu. Ngesizathu esithile, izinto zemfuza zezi seli ziphilileyo ziyatshintsha (ziyaguquka), ziba ziiseli zomhlaza, zahlukane ngokukhawuleza kwaye zikhule ngaphandle kolawulo, zenze iithumba.

Oogqirha bafumanise ukuba kukho izinto ezithile ezibangela umngcipheko okwandisa amathuba okuba nomhlaza. Nazi:

• Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwecuba, ingakumbi icuba. Abantu abaninzi kwilizwe lethu baxhomekeke koku. Kuyingozi kakhulu. Iikhemikhali ezikwicuba zonakalisa iiseli zomlomo nomqala, nto leyo enyusa umngcipheko womhlaza.
• Ukusela utywala rhoqo nangokugqithisileyo. Ukusela kancinci kwiipati nakwimibhiyozo yinto eyahlukileyo, kodwa ukusela utywala rhoqo nangokugqithisileyo akulunganga. Umngcipheko uba mkhulu ngakumbi ukuba usela utywala ngelixa utshaya.

Ingaba kukho i-human papillomavirus (HPV) ebandakanyekayo?

Ewe, oko kungaba yimbangela. Usenokuba ukhe weva ngentsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Human Papillomavirus - HPV)`. Uphando lwezonyango lufumanise ukuba usulelo lwe-HPV luyandisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza womqala, oko kukuthi, umhlaza we-soft palate. Ngokukodwa, uhlobo lwe-HPV 16 lolona lunxulunyaniswa kakhulu noku. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukukwazi oku.

Zithini iingxaki zomhlaza we-soft palate?

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba lo mhlaza awunyangwa? Eyona nto iyingozi kukuba lo mhlaza ungasasazeka (ukhula) uye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Umzekelo, ungasasazeka uye kwiindawo ze-lymph entanyeni, emiphungeni nasesibindini. Xa sele usasazeka, kuba nzima kakhulu ukuwunyanga kwaye unokuba yingozi ebomini.

Ufunyaniswa njani lo mhlaza? (Ukuxilongwa)

Kulungile, ukuba uneempawu ezinje, ugqirha ufumanisa njani oku?

Okokuqala, ugqirha uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho. Umzekelo:

• Ukususela nini wayibona le ngozi okanye utshintsho eluswini lwakho?
• Ingaba inxeba liya likhula? Ingaba liphuma igazi? Ingaba libuhlungu?
• Ngaba kunzima ukuginya? Ngaba ukutya kuyabambeka?
• Ngaba ukhe ufumane izinto ezifana nentamo evuvukileyo okanye iqhuma esandleni sakho?
• Ngaba uneentlungu zendlebe? (Olu luphawu oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza womqala).

Emva koko baya kukubuza ngemikhwa yakho. Ngaba usebenzisa icuba (iicuba, ii-beedis, iicuba, icuba elingenamsi), ngaba usela utywala, njl. Baza kusebenzisa nesipili esincinci okanye isibane ukuhlola ikhala lakho elithambileyo kunye nomlomo wakho. Baza kuziva nentamo yakho ukuba kukho nakuphi na ukudumba.

Luhlobo luni lovavanyo oluqhutywayo?

Ukuze uqiniseke, ungenza ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo:

• I-Biopsy: Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba iqhekeza elincinci lesicubu lithathwa kwisilonda okanye kwiqhubu phantsi kwe-anesthesia lize lihlolwe nge-microscope ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza na. Oku kwenziwa ziingcali zelebhu zonyango.
• I-CT scan: Oku kunokunceda ekufumaneni ubungakanani bomhlaza, ukuba usasazeke kangakanani kwizicwili ezijikelezileyo, kunye nokuba usasazeke na kwii-lymph nodes entanyeni.
• I-MRI scan: Ngamanye amaxesha i-MRI scan ingenziwa ukongeza kwi-CT scan okanye endaweni yayo. Oku kunokuvelisa imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zethumba kunye nezicubu ezingqongileyo.
• I-PET scan: Olu vavanyo lunokusetyenziswa ukubona ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba.

Amanqanaba oMhlaza

Xa umhlaza uqinisekisiwe, oogqirha bayawugqiba 'inqanaba' lawo. Oku kuchaza ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani kwaye unzulu kangakanani. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba loluphi uhlobo lonyango omele ulufumane.

Umhlaza we-soft palate ukwaluhlobo lomhlaza womqala. Uqala kwinqanaba loku-1 (isiphumo esingcono, ithumba elincinci, elingasasazekiyo) ukuya kwinqanaba lesi-4 (isiphumo esibi, ithumba elikhulu, elisasazeke kakhulu). Eli nqanaba limiselwa ngobukhulu bethumba (T), nokuba lisasazeke na kwiindawo ze-lymph ezikufutshane (Lymph Nodes) (N), nokuba lisasazeke na kwiindawo ezikude (Metastasis) (M), kunye nokuba i-HPV ibandakanyekile na. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-TNM Staging System.

Xa usiva ngenqanaba lomhlaza wakho, usenokuziva usoyika, uxhalabile, okanye uxinezelekile. Kusenokuvakala ngathi isigulo sakho sishwankathelwa ngoonobumba namanani ambalwa. Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo. Oogqirha nabo bayayiqonda loo nto. Ukuba kukho into ongayiqondiyo okanye oyixhalabeleyo, qiniseka ukuba ucela ugqirha wakho ukuba akuchazele yona.

Unyangwa njani umhlaza we-soft palate?

Inyangwa njani? Oogqirha baya kugqiba ngolona nyango lulungileyo ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka inqanaba lomhlaza kunye nempilo yakho iyonke. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango eziphambili:

• Utyando:Kwiimeko ezininzi, ingakumbi kwiimhlaza ezikwinqanaba lokuqala, ithumba lisuswa ngokupheleleyo ngotyando. Ngamanye amaxesha, kusetyenziswa inkqubo engangenisi kakhulu ebizwa ngokuba yiTransoral Robotic Surgery (TORS), eyenziwa ngomlomo. Oku kuvumela ukuphiliswa ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokusika kwangaphandle. Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwi-lymph nodes entanyeni, kunokufuneka ukuba zisuswe ngotyando (olubizwa ngokuba yiNeck Dissection).
• Unyango lweMisebe: Olu nyango lusebenzisa imitha enamandla aphezulu ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Lunokunikwa njengonyango lokuqala lweethumba ezinkulu okanye xa zisasazeke kwizicubu ezikufutshane okanye kwii-lymph nodes. Lunokunikwa nokubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza ezinokuthi zihlale emva kotyando.
• Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Oku kuquka ukunika umzimba amayeza abulala iiseli zomhlaza. La mayeza ahamba emzimbeni wonke, ngoko ke abaluleke kakhulu ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Ngamanye amaxesha, anikwa kunye nonyango lwemitha (chemoradiation), olunokuphucula iziphumo zonyango.
• Unyango lweChemoradiation: Njengoko igama lisitsho, olu ludibaniso lwechemotherapy kunye nonyango lweradiation. Lusetyenziswa xa umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ze-lymph kodwa ungasasazeki nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Oku kwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle konyango.
• Utyando Lokwakha: Emva kokuba ithumba lisusiwe, kunokufuneka wenze utyando olongezelelweyo ukubuyisela indawo kwimo yayo yokuqala. Ukuba inxalenye enkulu yekhala lakho elithambileyo isusiwe, kunokufuneka ufake isixhobo sokufakelwa endaweni yaso. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yiSoft Palate Obturator. Oku kufana nesixhobo sokugcina impahla osinxibayo xa unezixhasi. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuginya nokuthetha.
• Unyango lwengqondo: Ukuphila nomhlaza nokunyangwa kunokuba nzima kakhulu engqondweni. Abanye abantu bakufumanisa kunzima ukuziqhelanisa notshintsho emizimbeni yabo emva kolu nyango. Ukuba kufuneka ube nesixhobo sokufakelwa, ungaziva uneentloni kwaye uxhalabile ngaso. Ungaziva udandathekile ngemeko okuyo. Ukuba kunjalo kuwe, unyango lwengqondo lunokuba luncedo olukhulu. Luza kukunika amandla okujongana nalo mceli mngeni.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokuvela ngenxa yonyango?

Inkalakahla yakho ethambileyo ikunceda ukuginya nokuthetha. Ngoko ke utyando kunye nonyango lwemitha yalo mhlaza lunokwenza kube nzima kuwe ukuginya nokuthetha njengangaphambili. Usenokuva nomlomo owomileyo, utshintsho kwincasa, kunye nobunzima bokuvula umlomo wakho. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izisombululo zoku. Ukusebenza nogqirha wengqondo kunye nogqirha wezokutya kunokukunceda woyise uninzi lwezi ngxaki.

Ngaba lo mhlaza ungathintelwa?

Kusenokungabi lula ukuyithintela ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ungayinciphisa ingozi yakho ngokuphepha ezinye zezinto eziyandisa ingozi yakho.

• Ukuba utshaya icuba okanye usebenzisa ezinye iintlobo zecuba (ii-beedis, ii-cigar, icuba lokuhlafuna), zama ukuyeka namhlanje. Akulula, kodwa lolona tyalo-mali lukhulu oza kulwenza ebomini bakho. Thetha nogqirha kwaye ufumane ulwazi malunga neenkqubo ezinokukunceda.
• Ukuba usela rhoqo, nciphisa umlinganiselo kunye nezihlandlo osela ngazo utywala. Ukuba ucinga ukuba unengxaki ngotywala, oko kuthetha ukuba unengxaki yokubulawula, cela uncedo kugqirha.
• Yitya ukutya okunempilo okuquka iziqhamo nemifuno. Oku kunokunceda ukugcina amasosha omzimba wakho ekwinqanaba elifanelekileyo.
• Zikhusele kwi-HPV. Ukosuleleka yi-HPV kwandisa umngcipheko wakho. Ungawunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokosuleleka yi-HPV ngokufumana i-HPV vaccine (ingakumbi kubantu abancinci) kwaye uphephe ukuziphatha okubi ngokwesondo, okufana nokwabelana ngesondo ngomlomo okungakhuselekanga kunye nokwabelana ngesondo okungakhuselekanga.
• Bona ugqirha wamazinyo rhoqo ukuze ukwazi ukubona naluphi na utshintsho olungaqhelekanga emlonyeni wakho kwangethuba.

Ngaba lo mhlaza unganyangeka?

Kuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, xa ithumba lincinci kwaye lingasasazekanga, oogqirha badla ngokulinyanga ngokupheleleyo ngotyando okanye ngonyango lwemitha. Kwezinye iimeko, umhlaza ofunyenwe emva kwexesha kwaye usasazeke kancinci unokunyangeka ngokudibanisa unyango (olufana notyando, imitha, kunye ne-chemotherapy). Ngoko ke, ukuba uneempawu, ungoyiki kwaye ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko.

Ingakanani izinga lokusinda?

Ezi ziingqikelelo zezibalo ezisekelwe kumava abanye abaye baba neemeko ezifanayo. Amanani okusinda kumhlaza wezicubu ezithambileyo ayahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nenqanaba lomhlaza, imeko ye-HPV, kunye nempilo iyonke yesigulana.

Ngokubanzi, uphando lubonise ukuba phakathi kwama-75% kunye nama-100% abantu abanomhlaza wesigaba sokuqala (iSigaba soku-1 okanye sesi-2) bayaphila emva kweminyaka emihlanu emva kokufunyaniswa ukuba banawo. Eso sisiphumo esihle kakhulu. Kwabo banezimila ezinkulu, ezisasazekileyo (iSigaba sesi-3 okanye sesi-IV), phakathi kwama-33% nama-47% bayaphila emva kweminyaka emihlanu. Umhlaza onxulumene ne-HPV nawo ufunyenwe unokuba luncedo ngakumbi kunomhlaza ongengowe-HPV.

Xa ucinga ngala mazinga okusinda, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba oku kwenzekile kwabanye abantu . Oku kukulinganisela nje. Imeko yakho, impendulo yakho kunyango, kunye namandla omzimba wakho konke kuyayichaphazela indlela ochacha ngayo. Ugqirha wakho ngumntu ongcono ukukunika ulwazi malunga noku.

Ndingazinyamekela njani emva konyango?

Abantu abanomhlaza we-soft palate bafuna uncedo lokutya nokuthetha emva kotyando kunye nolunye unyango. Ugqirha wakho, ingcali yentetho, kunye nengcali yokutya banokukunceda ulawule ezi ziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, uphucule indlela othetha ngayo, kwaye uphucule indlela otya ngayo.

• Abanye abantu bayaqhubeka nokutshaya nangona betyandwa kwaye befumana unyango. Ukuba kunjalo, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ucele uncedo kugqirha wakho ukuze uyeke. Ukutshaya, nokuba sele woyisile umhlaza, kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba umhlaza uphinde ubuye.
• Yiya kwiikliniki zokulandelela njengoko kucwangcisiwe. Fumana uvavanyo njengoko uyalelwe ngoogqirha.
• Hlala uqinile engqondweni. Thetha nosapho kunye nabahlobo. Funa iingcebiso ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha wakho?

Xa ubona ugqirha, buza yonke imibuzo yakho. Musa ukoyika.

• Ukwinqanaba elingakanani lomhlaza?
• Ucebisa luphi unyango? Ngoba?
• Lwaphumelela kangakanani olo nyango?
• Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango? Zihlala ixesha elingakanani?
• Ngaba intetho yam kunye nokuginya kuya kuphazamiseka emva konyango? Ndingenza ntoni ngayo?
• Ngaba umhlaza ungabuya? Ndingenza ntoni ukuze ndiwuthintele?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndidibane nogqirha wengqondo okanye ingcali yesondlo ukuze ndifumane uncedo?

Ekugqibeleni, umyalezo wokubuyela ekhaya

Umhlaza weNtlalo ethambileyo ligama eloyikekayo, kodwa yimeko enokunyangeka ukuba uzibona kwangethuba iimpawu kwaye ufumane iingcebiso zonyango ezifanelekileyo kunye nonyango. Khumbula, ukutshaya kunye nokusela utywala kakhulu zezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezibangela oku. Ukuziphepha kuya kukunceda kakhulu ekukhuselekeni kolu hlobo lomhlaza.

Unyango lunokuchaphazela amandla akho okuthetha nokuginya. Kodwa kukho izisombululo kunye neendlela zokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo kunyango lwanamhlanje. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho ngayo yonke into, nokujongana nonyango ngesimo sengqondo esihle. Awuwedwa, kukho oogqirha, abahlengikazi, iingcali zonyango kunye nabantu obathandayo ukukunceda.

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