Ingaba ilizwi lakho litsho ngelizwi eliphantsi? Masifunde ngokuphazamiseka kokuthetha! (Ukuphazamiseka kwentetho/Ukuphazamiseka kwentetho)

Ngaba wena okanye umntu omaziyo ngamanye amaxesha ukufumanisa kunzima ukubiza amagama athile xa uthetha, okanye uvakalelwa kukuba into ozama ukuyithetha ayiphumi kakuhle? Oku kungabonakala ngathi yinto encinci, kodwa kusenokuba kukuphazamiseka kwentetho okanye ukuphazamiseka kwentetho . Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha namhlanje, kuba oku kunokuba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kuwe nakubantu obathandayo.

Yintoni isithintelo sokuthetha?

Ngamafutshane, ukungakwazi ukuthetha yimeko eyenza kube nzima kuwe ukubiza izandi ngokuchanekileyo. Oku kunokwenza kube nzima kwabanye ukuqonda into oyithethayo. Abanye abantu bazalwa benale meko. Oku kuthetha ukuba intetho inokuchaphazeleka yimeko ekhoyo ukususela ekuzalweni. Nangona kunjalo, nangaliphi na ixesha ebomini, mhlawumbi ngenxa yengozi okanye esinye isifo, ilizwi lakho kunye nokukwazi kwakho ukuthetha kunokuchaphazeleka kwaye olu hlobo lokukhubazeka lunokukhula. Kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba oku akulona ityala lomntu .

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ayinyangwa?

Abantwana abaneengxaki zokuthetha, ukuba abanyangwa ngexesha, banokuba nobunzima bokufunda ukufunda nokubhala. Uphando lubonise ukuba abantwana abanjalo banokuba neengxaki zengqondo kamva, ezifana nokuxhalaba okanye ukudakumba . Khawuthelekelele, ukuba umntwana uzama ukuphendula esikolweni aze akhubeke ngamazwi akhe, abanye abantwana banokuhleka. Kunzima kangakanani oko kuloo mntwana?

Le meko inokuchaphazela nabantu abadala. Xa uza kuthetha, unokoyika ukubhidanisa amagama akho. Oku kunokukhokelela ekubeni unciphise ukunxibelelana nabantu kwaye ube wedwa . Oku ekugqibeleni kunokukhokelela kuxinzelelo. Kungaba nzima kangakanani ukuya kudliwanondlebe lomsebenzi uze ungakwazi ukuthetha into ofuna ukuyithetha?

Ziziphi iintlobo zokuphazamiseka kokuthetha?

Ukuphazamiseka kwentetho kunokwahlulwahlulwa kwiindidi ezininzi eziphambili:

1. Iingxaki zokutyibilika

Ukuthetha ngokutyibilikayo yindlela ethe tye yokuthetha komntu. Xa umntu ethetha ngokutyibilikayo, uthetha ngokuqhubekayo, ngokucacileyo, kwaye engenakuthintitha. Obu buthathaka buvela xa ukuthetha kuphazanyiswa rhoqo.

• Ukuthintitha: Ukuba uthintitha, ungaziva ngathi uzama ukubiza isandi, igama, okanye ibinzana, kodwa aliphumi. Kufana nemoto emileyo xa uzama ukuyiqalisa. Ngamanye amaxesha unobumba okanye ibinzana elifanayo linokuthethwa izihlandlo ezininzi.
• Ukuxinana: Kule nto, ungathetha ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, amagama anamathele, kwaye amanye amagama asenokunqunyulwa. Kungathi amagama aphuma ngaxeshanye, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuba umphulaphuli aqonde.

2. Iingxaki zeMyofunctional Orofacial (OMD)

Oku kwenzeka xa kukho into echaphazela indlela osebenzisa ngayo izihlunu ebusweni bakho, emlonyeni, naselulwimini, nto leyo echaphazela intshukumo yazo. Ezi meko ze-`(OMD)` zinokuchaphazela indlela othetha ngayo. Umzekelo, unokuba nobunzima bokubiza izandi ezifana nonobumba u-"s" ("s" kwimali) okanye unobumba u-"sh" ("sh" kumfundi).

3. Ukuphazamiseka Kwesandi Sokuthetha

Oku kuya kuchaphazela ubuchule bakho bokubiza izandi ngokucacileyo.

• I-Apraxia kubantu abadala / I-Apraxia yobuntwana yokuthetha: Kulapho ingqondo inengxaki yokulungelelanisa izihlunu ezifunekayo ukuze ithethe. Ingqondo ithumela imiyalezo emlonyeni, elulwimini, nasemilebeni, kodwa ezo zitho zinobunzima bokulungelelanisa ngokufanelekileyo ukwenza amagama. Oko kukuthi, uyalazi igama ofuna ukulithetha, kodwa aliphumi kakuhle emlonyeni wakho.
• Ukuphazamiseka kokubiza amagama: Kulapho izandi ezithile zingenakubizwa ngokuchanekileyo. Umzekelo, abanye abantu babiza u-'ಲ' endaweni ka-'ರ', okanye abakwazi ukubiza unobumba u-'ತ' ngokuchanekileyo.
• I-Dysarthria: Imeko ebangelwa bubuthathaka kwimisipha ebandakanyeka ekuthetheni. Njengokuba kunzima ukwenza umsebenzi xa ilungu lomzimba likhubazekile, kunzima nokuthetha xa imisipha yomlomo ibuthathaka. Intetho inokuba yinto engacacanga okanye engathintithayo.

4. Iingxaki zelizwi

Ezinye iingxaki zelizwi zinokuchaphazela nokukwazi kwakho ukuthetha.

• Ukurhawuzela: Ilizwi liyarhawuzela kwaye lirhawuzele, ngokungathi unomkhuhlane.
• I-Laryngitis: Ukudumba kwe-larynx, apho kukho khona iintambo zelizwi, kunokubangela utshintsho kwilizwi okanye ukulahleka kwalo.
• I-Spasmodic Dysphonia: Kule meko, iintambo zelizwi ziyafinyela ngequbuliso nangokungalawulekiyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ilizwi lingcangcazele, liminxeke, okanye liqhekeke.

Ngaba ezi ngxaki zokuthetha zixhaphakile?

Enyanisweni, ezi zixhaphake kakhulu kunokuba unokucinga. Ngokwezibalo eMelika, malunga ne-5% yabantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka emi-3 ne-17 ubudala banengxaki yokuthetha ehlala ixesha elingaphezu kweveki. Xa befika kwibanga lokuqala, malunga ne-5% yabantwana baneengxaki ezicacileyo ezifana nale.

Kunzima ukufumana umfanekiso ocacileyo wokuba le meko ixhaphake kangakanani kubantu abadala. Oku kungenxa yokuba ezi ziphene kubantu abadala zahlulwe ngokwemeko ethile yezonyango ezibangela oko. Umzekelo, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3 eMelika bayathintitha. Kukho abantwana nabantu abadala abaninzi abanale meko eSri Lanka. Mhlawumbi ukhe wayibona ngokwakho, okanye mhlawumbi ilungu losapho okanye umhlobo unento efanayo.

Zithini iimpawu zokuphazamiseka kokuthetha?

Iimpawu ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu. Umzekelo, ukuba une -stunt , ungaphinda izandi okanye ii-syllables kuba awukwazi ukulawula izihlunu ozisebenzisayo ukuthetha, okanye ungakhupha izandi okanye ii-syllables ezithile. Usenokuba nokuphazamiseka kwelizwi .Ukuba kunjalo, ilizwi lakho lisenokuvakala lingaqhelekanga, lingcangcazela, litsho ngelizwi eliphantsi, okanye liphelelwe ngumoya.

Ngokubanzi, ungabona ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Ukuphindaphinda izandi, oonobumba, okanye amagama.
• Ukubiza ezinye izandi.
• Ukuma kancinci ngokungeyomfuneko xa uthetha.
• Ukuginya amagama okanye ukutsiba iindawo ezithile zamagama.
• Ubunzima bokubiza oonobumba okanye izandi ezithile.
• Utshintsho kumgangatho welizwi (umz. ukurhawuzelela, ubuthathaka, isandi sempumlo).
• Ukuqina okungeyomfuneko kwemisipha yobuso okanye yentamo xa uthetha.

Zithini izizathu zokuphazamiseka kokuthetha?

Oogqirha abakayazi kakuhle into ebangela ezi zithintelo zokuthetha (ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba 'zizithintelo zokuthetha') ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala. Ngokubanzi, nantoni na eyonakalisa ingqondo okanye inkqubo yemithambo-luvo inokuchaphazela amandla okuthetha.

Ezinye zezizathu eziphambili zezi:

• Iimeko zophuhliso lwe-neuro: Iimeko ezinxulumene nophuhliso lwengqondo, ezifana ne-Autism Spectrum Disorder, i-Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), okanye i-Epilepsy.
• Ukulimala kobuchopho okubangelwe yiTraumatic Brain Injury (TBI): Ukulimala entloko okubangelwe yingozi.
• Iimeko zonyango: Izifo ezifana ne-'Stroke', 'i-'Brain Tumor', 'i-'Dementia'.
• Iintsholongwane okanye amaqhuma emqaleni okanye emphinjeni.
• Ezinye iimeko zemfuza.

Ungazichonga njani iingxaki zokuthetha?

Into yokuqala ugqirha wakho aza kuyenza kukwenza uvavanyo lomzimba . Ukuba ungumntwana, ugqirha wabantwana angenza uvavanyo lophuhliso . Emva koko, wena okanye umntwana wakho ningathunyelwa kwiNgcali yePathology yoLwimi lokuThetha (SLP) . Aba ziingcali ezixilonga kwaye zinyange iingxaki zentetho nolwimi. Baza kwenza iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo kwaye bafunde ngononophelo indlela yakho yokuthetha, indlela yokubiza amagama, kunye nomgangatho welizwi.

Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?

Iindlela zonyango ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho.

Umzekelo, unyango lokuthetha lunyango oluqhelekileyo kwiingxaki ezininzi zokuthetha. Kule nto, ingcali yonyango ikufundisa wena okanye umntwana wakho imithambo eyahlukeneyo, imidlalo, kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ezi ziquka indlela yokusebenzisa ulwimi, imilebe, kunye nomhlathi ngokufanelekileyo ukuvelisa izandi, indlela yokulawula ukuphefumla, kunye nendlela yokulawula isantya sokuthetha.

Ukuba unelizwi elibuthathaka, ugqirha unokukuthumela kwi-voice therapy.Ungathunyelwa kwingcali ukuze ufumane unyango. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukukhubazeka kokuthetha kunokuphucula xa kunyangwa imeko engaphantsi. Umzekelo, ukuba ingxaki yelizwi ibangelwa lusulelo, amayeza oko anokunceda.

Ngaba ingxaki yokungakwazi ukuthetha inganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Kwezinye iimeko, ewe. Unyango lokuthetha lunokunceda abantu boyise ukukhubazeka kokuthetha. Nangona kunjalo, ayinguye wonke umntu ofanayo. Ukuba unengxaki yokuthetha ngenxa yemeko ethile yempilo, unyango lokuthetha lunokunceda, kodwa alunakusombulula ngokupheleleyo ingxaki.

Ngamanye amaxesha inokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo. Abanye abantu banokufuna unyango lwexesha elide. Iyahluka kumntu nomntu. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuyixilonga kwangethuba kwaye uqale unyango olufanelekileyo.

Yintoni onokuyilindela ukuba unengxaki yokuthetha?

Ngenxa yokuba kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeengxaki zokuthetha, kunzima ukutsho kanye into omawuyilindele. Umzekelo, ezinye iingxaki zokuthetha zabantwana ziyaphucuka njengoko bekhula. Ukuba iingxaki zakho zokuthetha zibangelwa yimeko yezonyango, intetho yakho inokuphucula njengoko ululama. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu bafuna unyango lwentetho olude ukuze banxibelelane. Ukuba unengxaki yokuthetha, ugqirha wakho ngumntu ongcono onokuthetha naye ngale nto.

Ngaba iingxaki zokuthetha zingathintelwa?

Akukho ndlela yokuthintela uninzi lweengxaki zokuthetha. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iingxaki zelizwi zinokuthintelwa ngokukhusela ilizwi lakho ekusebenziseni kakhulu . Umzekelo, abantu abafana nootitshala, abaculi, kunye nezithethi zasesidlangalaleni kufuneka banakekele amazwi abo. Izinto ezilula ezifana nokungakhali kakhulu nokusela amanzi ukuze ungomi umphimbo wakho zinokunceda ekukhuseleni ilizwi lakho.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Ukuphazamiseka kokuthetha kunokuchaphazela umgangatho wobomi bakho. Ke ngoko, nazi ezinye iingcebiso ezinokukunceda xa uphila nale meko:

• Cinga ngamaqela enkxaso: Ukujoyina iqela lenkxaso lesizwe okanye lasekuhlaleni kunokukunceda udibane nabantu abanengxaki yokuthetha, babelane ngamava abo, kwaye unciphise iimvakalelo zakho zokuba wedwa. Oku kunamandla amakhulu.
• Fumana Inkxaso Yempilo Yengqondo: Abantu abanengxaki yokuthetha ngamanye amaxesha banokuba noxinzelelo okanye ixhala. Ukuthetha nomcebisi okanye ingcali yezengqondo kunokukunceda ukhululeke.

Khumbula, awuwedwa. Musa ukoyika ukucela uncedo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Bonana nogqirha kwangoko nje ukuba uqaphela ukuba kukho into echaphazela ubuchule bakho bokuthetha, ukuva, okanye ukunxibelelana nabanye. Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yolwimi okanye ukuqonda izinto, bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko. Nokuba kubonakala ngathi yinto encinci, okukhona iqatshelwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona kulula ukuyinyanga.

Ndingaya nini kwiSebe leeNgxamiseko (i-ETU) ?

Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwindlela othetha ngayo lunokuba luphawu lwemeko enzima yezonyango efuna unyango olukhawulezileyo. Intetho inokuchaphazeleka kukufa kwestroke okanye ukwenzakala entloko . Ukuba ukunye nomntu kwaye ubonakalisa naziphi na iimpawu ezingezantsi, fowunela u-911 okanye inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yasekuhlaleni ngoko nangoko .

Qaphela iimpawu ezilumkisayo zestroke kwaye ukhumbule la mazwi athi `KHAWULEZA` :

• B - Ibhalansi: Ngaba ngequbuliso ulahlekelwa yibhalansi yakho? Ngaba unengxaki yokuhamba?
• E - Amehlo: Ngaba ngequbuliso ulahlekelwa kukubona kwelinye okanye omabini amehlo? Okanye ubona omabini?
• F - Ubuso: Ngaba icala elinye lobuso bakho libonakala litsaliwe xa uncuma? Ngaba izihlunu kwelinye icala zibonakala zibuthathaka?
• A - Iingalo: Xa ucelwa ukuba uphakamise zombini iingalo, ngaba ingalo enye iyawa phantsi ingaphakanyiswanga kakuhle? Ngaba ingalo enye ivakala ngathi ayinabomi?
• S - Intetho: Ngaba uyadideka xa uthetha? Ngaba ngathi amagama awaphumi? Ngaba kunzima ukuqonda oko kuthethwayo?
• T - Ixesha: Ixesha libaluleke kakhulu! Ukuba ubona naziphi na kwezi mpawu, musa ukulibazisa kwaye ufumane uncedo ngoko nangoko! Ukuba kunokwenzeka, jonga iwotshi uze ukhumbule ixesha eziqale ngalo iimpawu zakho. Ukuxelela ugqirha elo xesha kunokubanceda bagqibe ukuba loluphi unyango olungcono.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kokuphazamiseka kwentetho kunye nokuphazamiseka kolwimi?

Ezi zimbini ziyadida kancinci, kodwa kukho umahluko.

• Ukuphazamiseka kokuthetha kwenzeka xa umlomo wakho, umhlathi, ulwimi, kunye nesandi sakho zingasebenzisani ukwenza amagama acacileyo naqondakalayo. Ingxaki ikwinkqubo yokuvelisa izandi.
• Ingxaki yolwimi yimeko apho unobunzima bokuqonda (ukuqonda) oko kuthethwa ngabanye abantu, okanye ukubeka iingcinga zakho ngamazwi uze uziveze ngendlela abanye abantu abanokuyiqonda. Ingxaki ikukwazi ukuqonda nokusebenzisa ulwimi.

Umntu unokuba nazo zombini ezi zinto kunye.

Kutheni le nto sibiza oku ngokuthi 'yiNgxaki yokuthetha/ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo' kungekhona 'yiNgxaki yokuthetha'?

Ulwimi luye lwatshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, amagama ahlukeneyo ebesetyenziswa kwiingxaki zokuthetha. Njengo-'Speech Disorder', 'Speech Impediment', 'Speech Impairment'. Kodwa ngalinye kula magama linomahluko omncinci kwintsingiselo.

Igama elithi "impidement" alisasetyenziswa kakhulu kwezonyango. Ligama eliqala kwiminyaka yoo-1600, elivela kwisenzi esithi "to hinder." Libhekisa kwisifo okanye isiphene esithintela okanye esithintela isenzo. Ngamafutshane, isiphene sokuthetha yinto ethintela okanye ethintela intetho. Njengezinyo elikhululekileyo, ulwimi olutsha oluhlabayo, okanye into echaphazela intetho okwethutyana okanye ngaphandle.

Abantu ngoku basebenzisa amagama athi "ukuphazamiseka kwentetho" okanye "ukuphazamiseka kwentetho" endaweni yoko. Zombini zibhekisa kutshintsho lomzimba, lwengqondo, okanye lolwakhiwo (`Ukuphazamiseka`) okanye ukukhubazeka (`Ukuphazamiseka`) kubuchule bokwenza umsebenzi othile.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukuthetha yenye yeendlela eziphambili esiqhagamshelana ngazo nehlabathi elisingqongileyo. Xa unengxaki yokuthetha, kunokuba nzima ukwenza olo nxibelelwano. Kunokuba yinto ecaphukisayo xa ungakwazi ukuthetha into ofuna ukuyithetha ebantwini.

Ukuba umntwana onengxaki yokuthetha akanyangwa, unokuba neengxaki zokufunda. Abantu abadala banokuziva bexhalabile kwaye bexinezelekile malunga nokunxibelelana ngentetho.

Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza, ukuba unamathandabuzo ngento efana nale, kukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza kwaye ufumane ingcebiso. Unyango lokuthetha lunokunceda rhoqo.

Ukuba uneengxaki malunga nokuthetha komntwana wakho, okanye ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokuthetha, thetha nogqirha. Baya kukuvuyela ukukunceda. Ungaze ulahle ithemba!

Ukuphazamiseka kwentetho , ukuthintitha, ukubiza amagama, unyango lwentetho, ukukhubazeka kolwimi, intetho yabantwana, isifo sohlangothi