Kunzima ukuchaza ngamazwi indlela ovakalelwa ngayo xa ugqirha wakho ekuxelela ukuba unomhlaza webele. Kodwa kunokuba nzima nangakumbi xa ugqirha wakho esebenzisa amagama anje "Isigaba sesi-2" kunye "neBanga lesi-3." Zithetha ukuthini kanye kanye ezi zigaba kunye namanqaku? Ukwazi ezi zinto kuya kukunceda ube namandla engqondweni kwaye wenze izigqibo ezifanelekileyo malunga nonyango lwakho. Ngoko masithethe ngale nto ngaphandle koloyiko, ngokulula nangokucacileyo.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweSigaba kunye neBanga?
Nangona la magama mabini evakala ngendlela efanayo xa uwava, eneneni athetha izinto ezimbini.
- Inqanaba lomhlaza: Ngamafutshane, 'inqanaba' lomhlaza libhekisa ekubeni umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani emzimbeni . Njengeengcambu zomthi, lijonga ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani ukusuka emabeleni, nokuba usasazeke na ukuya kuma-lymph nodes akufutshane okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
- Udidi lomhlaza: 'Udidi' lomhlaza lubhekisa kwindlela iiseli zomhlaza ezibukhali ngayo. Oko kukuthi, indlela ezibonakala zahluke ngayo kwiiseli eziphilileyo xa zijongwa ngemakroskopu, kunye nendlela ezikhawuleza ngayo ukwahlukana nokusasazeka.
Zombini ezi zinto zibaluleke kakhulu kugqirha ukuze akukhethele unyango olulungele wena.
Chonga amanqanaba omhlaza webele
Amanqanaba omhlaza webele adla ngokubalwa ukusuka ku-0 ukuya ku-4. Okukhona inani liphantsi, kokukhona umhlaza ungasasazeki kakhulu.
- Inqanaba 0: Eli lelona nqanaba lokuqala. Iiseli zomhlaza zingaphakathi kwimibhobho yobisi kuphela. Azikasasazeki ngaphandle okwangoku. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-`(Ductal Carcinoma In Situ - DCIS)`. Le yimeko enyangekayo kakhulu.
- Inqanaba lokuQala: Kulapho umhlaza usasazeke khona kwizicubu zebele ezisempilweni. Kodwa ithumba lisencinci (mhlawumbi lilingana nepeanut) kwaye umhlaza ulinganiselwe kwibele kunye nee-lymph nodes ezimbalwa ezikufutshane. Umhlaza kweli nqanaba nawo uyanyangeka kakhulu .
- Inqanaba lesiBini: Ithumba likhulu kancinci (mhlawumbi lilingana nelamuni), okanye lisasazeke kwiindawo ze-lymph ezisemakhwapheni, kodwa umhlaza usaphelele kwindawo yebele.
- Inqanaba lesiThathu: Oku kubizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza "oqhubele phambili ekuhlaleni". Apha, umhlaza usasazeke eludongeni lwesifuba okanye eluswini, kwaye usenokuba usasazeke nakwii-lymph nodes ezininzi. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba awukasasazeki kwizitho ezikude ezifana nesibindi okanye imiphunga. Ngonyango olufanelekileyo, abantu abaninzi baye bakwazi ukulawula umhlaza kweli nqanaba baze baphile.
- Inqanaba lesi-4:Eli lelona nqanaba liphambili. Apha umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kwebele uye kwizitho ezikude, ezifana namathambo, imiphunga, isibindi okanye ubuchopho . Sikwabiza lo mhlaza ngokuthi 'umhlaza osasazekayo'. Nangona eli nqanaba kunzima ukulinyanga ngokupheleleyo, unyango oluphambili lwanamhlanje lunokulawula ukukhula komhlaza, lunciphise iimpawu kwaye luvumele abantu abaninzi ukuba baphile ubomi obuhle kangangeenyanga, ngamanye amaxesha iminyaka .
Uvavanyo lomhlaza kunye nezinye iimvavanyo ezibalulekileyo
Udidi lumiselwa ngokuhlola iiseli zomhlaza ezifunyenwe ngotyando okanye nge-biopsy phantsi kwe-microscope.
| Ibanga | Intsingiselo |
|---|---|
| Ibanga loku-1 | Iiseli zomhlaza zifana kakhulu neeseli eziphilileyo. Zikhula kancinci kwaye zisasazeka ngesantya esiphantsi. |
| Ibanga lesi-2 | Iiseli zomhlaza zahlukile kancinci kwiiseli eziphilileyo. Zikhula ngesantya esiphakathi. |
| Ibanga lesi-3 | Iiseli zomhlaza zahlukile kakhulu kwiiseli eziphilileyo. Zikhula kwaye zisasazeka ngokukhawuleza. |
IiHormone Receptors kunye neHer2 Status
Olu lolunye uvavanyo olubaluleke kakhulu ekumiseleni unyango.
- Imeko ye-ER/PR: Ezinye iiseli zomhlaza webele zifuna iihomoni zabasetyhini ezithi `Estrogen (ETU) ` kunye ne`Progesterone (PR)` ukuze zikhule. Iiseli zakho zomhlaza ziya kuvavanywa ukuze kubonwe ukuba zinazo na ii-receptors eziphendula kwezi homoni. Ukuba zinjalo, ziya kuba `zi-ER-positive` okanye `zi-PR-positive`. Unyango lweehomoni lunokuba luncedo kakhulu kubantu abanjalo.
- Isimo se-HER2: `I-HER2` yiproteni ekhawulezisa ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza. Ukuba umhlaza wakho uvelisa iproteni eninzi ye-`I-HER2`, i-`I-HER2-positive`. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezijoliswe kuzo.
- I-Triple-Negative: Ukuba umhlaza awunayo kuzo zontathu ezi: i-ER, i-PR, kunye ne-HER2, siwubiza ngokuba yi-"Triple-Negative Breast Cancer." Iindlela zonyango ziyahluka kule nto.
Ngokuqokelela lonke olu lwazi, ugqirha uza kudala isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuwe kwaye siya kukunika iziphumo ezilungileyo.
Yintoni le nkqubo ye-TNM?
Enye indlela eneenkcukacha ezisetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukufumanisa ngokuchanekileyo inqanaba lomhlaza ibizwa ngokuba yi-``TNM Staging System``. Oonobumba abakule nkqubo bathetha oku kulandelayo.
| Ileta | Intsingiselo | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|---|
| T (Ithumba) | Isiqhamo esiphambili | Ingakanani ithumba? Nokuba lisasazeke eluswini okanye eludongeni lwesifuba kuboniswa ngoonobumba u-T olandelwa yinombolo (T1, T2...). Okukhona inani liphezulu, kokukhona ithumba liba likhulu. |
| N (Amacandelo) | Ithumba | Ingaba isasazeke kwiindawo ze-lymph ezikufutshane? Ubungakanani bokusasazeka buboniswa ngunobumba u-N kunye nenombolo (N0, N1...). U-N0 uthetha ukuba ayisasazekanga. |
| M (I-Metastasis) | Ukusasazeka kude | Unobumba u-M ubonisa ukuba umhlaza usasazeke na kwiindawo ezikude (ezifana namathambo okanye imiphunga) (i-metastasis). U-M0 uthetha ukuba akukho kusasazeka kude. U-M1 uthetha ukuba usasazeke. |
Musa ukoyika amazinga okusinda.
Xa ujonga kwi-intanethi, uza kubona izibalo ezifana "nezinga lokusinda kweminyaka emi-5." Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika xa ubona la manani. Kodwa nceda ukhumbule, la ngamanani nje asekelwe kumawaka edatha yezigulane.
Akukho mntu unokutsho ngqo ukuba kuza kwenzeka ntoni kuwe. Iziphumo zakho zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka ubudala bakho, impilo yakho iyonke, kunye nendlela osabela ngayo kunyango. Enye into kukuba, ezi zibalo zisekelwe kwidatha yembali. La manani ahlala etshintsha abe ngcono njengoko unyango olutsha lufumaneka.
Ngoko ke musa ukuvuya kakhulu ngala manani. Umntu ofanelekileyo ukwazi ukuba ezi zinto zisebenza njani kwimeko yakho ngugqirha wakho. Thetha naye ngokukhululekileyo ngale nto.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Inqanaba lomhlaza lisixelela ukuba usasazeke kangakanani. Inqanaba lisixelela ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zinoburhalarhume kangakanani.
- Ukwazi inqanaba, ibanga, kunye nolunye ulwazi (ER, PR, HER2) lomhlaza wakho kunokukunceda ukhethe unyango olufanelekileyo nolusebenzayo kuwe.
- Nokuba sele kudlule ixesha elide njengesigaba sesi-3, kukho ithuba elihle lokuchacha ngonyango olufanelekileyo. Nokuba sele kukwisigaba sesi-4, unyango lwanamhlanje lunokukunceda uphile ubomi obusempilweni iminyaka emininzi ngelixa ulawula esi sifo.
- Izibalo (Amanani okusinda) ozibona kwi-intanethi zixabiso eliqhelekileyo. Zisenokungasebenzi kwimeko yakho. Ngoko ke musa ukuzoyika.
- Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga nemibuzo okanye izinto ezikuxhalabisayo. Ulilungu elibalulekileyo leqela lakho lezonyango. Ukuthetha ngale nto nosapho lwakho kunye nabahlobo kuya kukunceda uzive uzithembile ngakumbi.
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