Ngaba nawe unesifo sokuxhuzula rhoqo? Masifunde ngale meko iyingozi? (Status Epilepticus)

Usenokuba ukhe wabona abanye abahlobo bethu kunye namalungu osapho bethu bexhuzula ngokulandelelana. Okanye basenokuba nokuxhuzula okukodwa baze baphinde babuyele ezingqondweni. Le yimeko enzima kakhulu. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale meko yezonyango eyingozi nengxamisekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Status Epilepticus".

Yintoni iStatus Epilepticus?

Ngamafutshane, iStatus Epilepticus (SE) yimeko apho umntu eba nokuxhuzula okuqhubekayo, okanye uthotho lokuxhuzula, ngaphandle kwexesha elaneleyo lokubuyela ezingqondweni okanye ukuchacha. Le meko ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sokuxhuzula, kodwa abantu abangenaso isifo sokuxhuzula banokuba nezi ntlobo zokuxhuzula okuqhubekayo ngenxa yeemeko ezahlukeneyo zonyango.

Le yingxamiseko yezonyango esongela ubomi kwaye ifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo.

Ukuba wena okanye umntu onayo unesifo sokuxhuzula esihlala ixesha elingaphezulu kwemizuzu emihlanu, okanye ukuba ukhe waba nesifo sokuxhuzula ngokulandelelana kwaye awukabuyi engqondweni ngokupheleleyo, fowunela u-1990 (i-ambulensi) okanye inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yasekuhlaleni ngoko nangoko. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoko okukhona ufumana unyango ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona iziphumo ziba ngcono.

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu yile meko?

Nabani na unokuba nesifo sokuxhuzula, kwaye i-status epilepticus (SE) ayisiyonto ingaqhelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokuba naso. Oku kuquka:

• Ubudala: Abantwana abancinci abangaphantsi konyaka omnye ubudala kunye nabantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala banamathuba amaninzi okufumana le meko. Nangona kunjalo, inokwenzeka nakweyiphi na iminyaka. La maqela mabini eminyaka asengozini enkulu ngenxa yezinye iimeko zonyango ezinokukhokelela kwi-status epilepticus (SE) (jonga iZibangela kunye neZimpawu).
• Isini: Amadoda anokuba namathuba amancinci okuba nale meko.
• Ukuba nesifo sokuwa: Uninzi lwabantu abafumana isifo sokuwa (SE) banesifo sokuwa. Kufunyaniswe ukuba phakathi kwe-16% kunye ne-38% yabantwana abancinci kunye naphakathi kwe-42% kunye ne-50% yabantu abadala banesifo sokuwa.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Isifo sokuwa (i-Status epilepticus (SE)) asiyonto iqhelekileyo, kodwa sesinye sezona meko zingxamisekileyo zonyango ezichaphazela ubuchopho. Iingcali ziqikelela ukuba phakathi kwabantu abasi-7 nabangama-40 kubantu abayi-100,000 bafumana esi sifo minyaka le. Oko kuthetha ukuba eMelika, umzekelo, phakathi kwamatyala angama-23,000 kunye nama-131,800 axelwa minyaka le. Malunga ne-2% yazo zonke izifo zokuwa zikhula zibe yi-status epilepticus (SE), kwaye malunga ne-23% yezi sifo ezintsha zikhula zibe yi-status epilepticus (SE), kwaye malunga ne-23% yezi sifo ezintsha zikhula zibe yi-status epilepticus (SE).

I-status epilepticus iyichaphazela njani umzimba?

Nangona i-status epilepticus (SE) iqala engqondweni yakho, inokuba nemiphumo eyingozi kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni wakho.Ukuze siqonde ukuba oku kwenzeka njani, kuyanceda ukuqonda kancinci ukuba yintoni na i-surticulation.

Impembelelo engqondweni

Iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezikwingqondo yakho, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-neurons, azikwazi ukutshisa ngokungalawulekiyo ixesha elide. Njengokuba isixhobo se-elektroniki sinokutsha ukuba sichaphazeleka ngumbane omninzi, umsebenzi ongalawulekiyo wokuxhuzula we-status epilepticus (SE) unokonakalisa ii-neurons zakho. Lo monakalo uhlala uhleli. Oku kuthetha ukuba ungalahlekelwa ngamandla okulawula iindawo zobuchopho bakho ezonakeleyo.

Imiphumo kwezinye iinkqubo zomzimba

Kwi-status epilepticus (SE), izihlunu zomzimba wakho wonke zinokushukuma ngendlela engalawulekiyo nebanzi. Oku kubangela ukuba ubushushu bomzimba wakho bunyuke kwaye izihlunu zakho zidinwe. Umzimba wakho uzama ukubuyisela umva ngokukhupha iikhemikhali egazini lakho. Kodwa oku kunceda kuphela ixesha elithile.

Ukuba i-status epilepticus (SE) ihlala ixesha elide, inokuchaphazela ezi nkqubo zilandelayo emzimbeni wakho:

• Intliziyo: Ukuba utshintsho lweekhemikhali egazini luhlala ixesha elide, lunokuba yingozi endaweni yokuba luncede. Oku kunokukhokelela ekubetheni kwentliziyo ngendlela engaqhelekanga okanye kwanokonakalisa intliziyo. Ezinye izixhuzula zinokubangela ukuba intliziyo yehle (bradycardia) okanye iyeke ngokupheleleyo (asystole).
• Izihlunu: Izihlunu zingonakaliswa ngumsebenzi oqhubekayo, njengaxa uzibhokoxa kakhulu ngexesha lokuzilolonga. Oku kunokubangela ukwenzakala kwezihlunu zakho nezinye izihlunu ezithambileyo. Kwiimeko ezinzima, lo monakalo unokubangela ukuba izihlunu zakho zikrazuke.
• Izintso: Iimveliso zokuqhekeka kwezicubu zemisipha ezonakeleyo ziyingozi. Izintso zakho zinokuhluza inani eliqingqiweyo lazo, kodwa ukuba inani liyanyuka, izintso zinokuxinezeleka kwaye zibangele ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso.
• Ukuphefumla: I-Status epilepticus (SE) nayo inokuphazamisana nokukwazi kwakho ukuphefumla. Oku kunokukhokelela ekunqongophaleni kweoksijini engqondweni nasemzimbeni, nto leyo enokubangela ukufa ekugqibeleni. Abantu abane-status epilepticus (SE) banokufunxa ulwelo oluvela esiswini sabo luye emiphungeni yabo, nto leyo enokubangela i-pneumonia kunye nosulelo.
• Ubushushu bomzimba obuphezulu: Njengomkhuhlane ophezulu, i-status epilepticus (SE) inokubangela ukuba ubushushu bomzimba wakho bunyuke bufikelele kumanqanaba ayingozi. Oku kungonakalisa zonke iinkqubo zomzimba wakho, ingakumbi ubuchopho.

Zithini iimpawu?

Iimpawu ze-status epilepticus (SE) zixhomekeke kwindawo yengqondo echaphazelekayo. Ngenxa yokuba ukuxhuzula kwenzeka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuxhuzula. Ngokuhambelana noko, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-status epilepticus (SE). Nazi:

• Isimo sokuxhuzula i-epilepticus `(i-Convulsive SE)`:Oku kubonakala ngokuxhuzula okungalawulekiyo nokungcangcazela kwamacala omabini omzimba. Ukuxhuzula okuqhelekileyo kwe-tonic-clonic lolona hlobo luphambili lokuxhuzula olunokukhokelela kule meko.
• Isimo sokungaxhuzuli (Nonconvulsive status epilepticus `(Nonconvulsive SE)`: Kule meko, akukho kushukuma, ukungcangcazela, okanye iintshukumo zemisipha ezingalawulekiyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintshukumo zemisipha ezincinci zinokwenzeka. Umzekelo, ukuxhuzula okuncinci kwengalo okanye inxalenye yobuso, njengokushukuma okucothayo okuphindaphindwayo. Le `(Nonconvulsive SE)` inokubangelwa ziintlobo zokuxhuzula ezifana `(Absence seizures)` kunye `(Focal seizures)` ezichaphazela kuphela inxalenye encinci yobuchopho.

Zithini izizathu zoku?

Unobangela kuphela we-status epilepticus (SE) kukuxhuzula. Zimbini iindlela eziphambili apho ukuxhuzula kunokwenzeka khona:

• Ukuxhuzula okubangelwa kukuxhuzula: Oku kubangelwa zezinye iimeko okanye izizathu. Umzekelo, umkhuhlane ophezulu, ukuyeka utywala okanye iziyobisi, iswekile ephantsi egazini, isifo sohlangothi, iithumba zobuchopho, kunye ne-encephalitis. Olu hlobo lubandakanya i-25% ukuya kwi-30% yazo zonke iixhuzula. Ukuba ukuxhuzula kubangelwa kukonakala kwengqondo, kubizwa ngokuba yi-acute symptomatic seizure, kwaye kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokuba ikhule ibe yi-status epilepticus.
• Ukuxhuzula okungavuswanga: Oku kuxhuzula akulophawu lwesifo okanye unobangela waso. Kwenzeka xa ingqondo yomntu iqalisa ukuba nokuxhuzula ngokwayo. Ukuxhuzula okwenzeka kwiintsuku ezisixhenxe emva kokwenzakala entloko okanye istroke nako kuwela kolu luhlu.

Izizathu ezithile zokuxhuzula

Zininzi izizathu zokuba ukuxhuzula kunokubakho. Amanye amaqela eminyaka asengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo sokuxhuzula ngenxa yezizathu ezithile. Nazi:

• Umkhuhlane, ingakumbi umkhuhlane ophezulu: Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi-"Febrile seizures" kwaye zezona zibangela ukuxhuzula kubantwana abangaphantsi konyaka omnye ubudala.
• Istroke, i-aneurysms, kunye nokopha kwegazi ebuchotsheni: Nayiphi na ingxaki kwinkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi eyonakalisa ingqondo okanye ephazamisa ukusebenza kwengqondo inokubangela ukuxhuzula. Istroke kunye neengxaki ezinxulumene nazo, ezifana ne-aneurysms kunye nokopha kwegazi ebuchotsheni, zezona zinto ziphambili ezibangela ukuxhuzula kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala.

Ezinye izizathu:

• Iithumba zobuchopho (kuquka nomhlaza).
• Ukunqongophala kweoksijini engqondweni (i-cerebral hypoxia).
• Ukulimala entloko okunzulu `(Ukubetheka kakhulu kwengqondo kunye nokwenzakala kwengqondo okubuhlungu)`.
• Izifo ezitshabalalisa ingqondo kancinci kancinci, umzekelo isifo sika-Alzheimer okanye isifo sengqondo esibangelwa yi-frontotemporal dementia.
• Iziyobisi notywala (oku kuquka amayeza, iziyobisi zokuzonwabisa, kwane-caffeine).
• Ukuyekisa ukusebenzisa iziyobisi okanye utywala.
• I-Eclampsia kukuxhuzula okubangelwa luxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
• Iingxaki ze-electrolyte, ingakumbi i-hyponatremia, ukunqongophala kwe-calcium okanye i-magnesium.
• Uvakalelo ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo okanye okudanyazayo.
• Izifo zofuzo (izifo ezizuzwe kubazali ekuzalweni).
• Utshintsho kwi-hormone (umzekelo, i-catamenial epilepsy, echaphazela abantu abanemijikelo yokuya exesheni, inokubangela ukuxhuzula okungakumbi ngamaxesha athile omjikelo).
• Iintsholongwane (ingakumbi izifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, iiparasites, okanye iifungi, ezifana ne-encephalitis okanye i-meningitis).
• Ukudumba okubangelwa zizifo zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela (xa inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela ubuchopho bakho).
• Iingxaki zemetabolism, ingakumbi iswekile ephezulu egazini (iHyperglycemia) okanye iswekile ephantsi egazini (iHypoglycemia).
• Iingxaki ngesakhiwo sobuchopho (ingakumbi ezo zikhoyo ekuzalweni).
• I-Sepsis (ityhefu egazini).
• Iityhefu kunye neetyhefu (ezifana netyhefu ye-carbon monoxide okanye ityhefu yesinyithi esinzima).

Ifunyanwa njani iStatus Epilepticus?

Ugqirha angenza uxilongo lokuqala lwe-status epilepticus (SE) ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zomntu zokuxhuzula, ukuba ukuxhuzula kuthathe ixesha elingakanani, kunye nokuba bekukho ixesha elaneleyo lokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo phakathi kokuxhuzula okungaphezulu kwesinye. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukufumanisa ukuba kutheni umntu ebenokuxhuzula okwakhokelela kwi-status epilepticus (SE). Oku kudla ngokubandakanya iindlela ezahlukeneyo.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukuze kufunyaniswe esi sifo?

Uvavanyo lwe-electroencephalogram (EEG) yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufumanisa naluphi na uhlobo lokuxhuzula, kuquka ne-status epilepticus (SE). Kolu vavanyo, ii-sensors ezigqunywe ngejeli enamathelayo nehambisa umbane zifakwa entlokweni yakho. Le jeli inceda ii-sensors ukuba zibone umsebenzi wombane engqondweni yakho.

Oogqirha banokuxilonga isifo sokuxhuzula ngokujonga iindlela zokusebenza kwengqondo yakho. Ukuba umntu unesifo sokuxhuzula esiqhubekayo, okanye ukuba unesifo sokuxhuzula izihlandlo ezininzi ngokulandelelana, ugqirha unokuxilonga isifo sokuxhuzula (SE). I-EEG ibaluleke kakhulu kumntu one-nonconvulsive status epilepticus (Nonconvulsive SE).

Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba ukuxhuzula komntu "kubangelwe kukuxhuzula" okanye "akubangelwa kukuxhuzula." Oku kufuna iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo kunye novavanyo. Umzekelo:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu vavanyo lunokufumanisa izinto ezininzi, ezinje ngokungalingani kwe-metabolic kunye ne-blood chemistry, iingxaki zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, iityhefu kunye neetyhefu.
• Uvavanyo lwe-CT scan (i-Computerized Tomography - i-CT scan).
• Uvavanyo lwe-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MRI).
• Ukubethela umqolo/Ukubhoboza imilenze.

Ugqirha wakho angacebisa nezinye iimvavanyo. Oku kunokuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi, njengokuba unayo nayiphi na ingozi, imbali yakho yezonyango, uhlobo lokuxhuzula onalo, nokunye. Ugqirha wakho (okanye umntu omkhethileyo ukuba akwenzele izigqibo zonyango) uya kukuxelela ukuba loluphi uvavanyo olukulungeleyo, kwaye kutheni.

Inyangwa njani? Ngaba inganyangeka?

I-Status epilepticus (SE) inyangwa ngokudibanisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-status epilepticus (SE) inokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu okanye ezisongela ubomi ezichaphazela umzimba wonke. Ezi ndlela ziquka:

• Amayeza.
• Ukufakwa kwetyhubhu.
• Ukunyanga izizathu ezingundoqo (ukuba zikhona).
• Unyango oluncedisayo.

Xa i-status epilepticus (SE) ingaphenduli kunyango, ibizwa ngokuba yi-refractory SE. Nangona kunjalo, kusekho iindlela zonyango.

Amayeza

Amayeza abalulekile ekumiseni umsebenzi wokuxhuzula engqondweni yakho. Amayeza anokunyanga nezinye iingxaki, ezifana neengxaki zesingqisho sentliziyo, ezinokubakho ngenxa yesifo sokuxhuzula (SE).

Amayeza asetyenziswa kakhulu ukunqanda ukuxhuzula ngala:

• IiBenzodiazepines (Benzos): La mayeza asebenza ngokuthintela umsebenzi wombane wee-neurons zakho nokuthintela ukuxhuzula. Ahlala enikwa ngokujova ngqo emzimbeni wakho, okanye ngomgca we-intravenous (IV). Afika ngohlobo lwe-spray yempumlo okanye ijeli. Anganikwa ngomlomo okanye nge-rectally (iijeli zifunxwa lula zizicubu zomlomo kunye ne-rectum). Uninzi lwala mayeza ngamayeza okuqala. Kodwa amanye agcinelwe ukusetyenziswa xa amanye amayeza engasebenzi.
• Amayeza okulwa nokuxhuzula: IiBenzodiazepines zodwa zinokumisa ukuxhuzula malunga ne-50% yexesha. Kwezinye iimeko ezingama-50%, ukuxhuzula kuqala kwakhona xa amayeza okuqala ephela. Ke ngoko, la mayeza anokunceda ukuthintela ukuxhuzula ukuba kungaphindi kwenzeke ixesha elide. Amayeza okuxuzula atshintsha nendlela esebenza ngayo ingqondo yakho, anciphise umsebenzi wombane engqondweni yakho. La mayeza anikwa njenge-IV.
• I-anesthesia eqhelekileyo: Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, oogqirha basebenzisa i-anesthesia ukufaka umntu kwi-coma ebangelwa ngugqirha. Oku kukhusela ingqondo nomzimba womntu kumonakalo oqhubekayo obangelwa yi-status epilepticus (SE).

Ukufunxa

Ukufakwa kwetyhubhu kukufakwa kwetyhubhu kumbhobho womoya womntu (ibronchi ). Le tyhubhu iqinisekisa ukuba umbhobho womoya womntu uhlala uvulekile. Ikwavumela abasebenzi bezonyango ukuba bakuphefumlele besebenzisa iibhegi zokuvuselela umntu ngesandla okanye i-ventilator.

Ukunyanga izizathu ezingundoqo

Xa umntu enesithuthwane esibangelwe kukuxhuzula, ukunyanga unobangela waso ngamanye amaxesha kwanele ukunqanda isithuthwane. Umzekelo, isithuthwane esibangelwa ngamayeza, iityhefu, ukuyeka utywala okanye iziyobisi, okanye iingxaki zemetabolism ezifana namanqanaba aphezulu okanye aphantsi esodium okanye ipotassium.

Unyango oluthintela ukuxhuzula

Enye indlela kukuthintela ukuxhuzula ukuba kungenzeki, ngaloo ndlela kuthintelwe ukuba isifo sokuxhuzula (SE) singaphindi sivele. Ezinye zeendlela eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo ukuthintela ukuxhuzula (okanye ubuncinane ukunciphisa ubukhali baso okanye ukuphindaphindwa kwaso) zezi:

• Amayeza.
• Utyando lwesifo sokuwa.
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokutya (ingakumbi ukutya okune-carbohydrate ephantsi okanye okungenazo iicarbohydrates).
• Ukuvuselela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo (njengokuvuselela ingqondo nzulu okanye ukukhuthaza imithambo-luvo ye-vagus).

Ezinye iindlela zonyango

Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho ethile kunye neemeko zakho, kusenokubakho ezinye iindlela zonyango kunye neenkqubo ezikhoyo. Ugqirha wakho (okanye umntu ogunyazisiweyo ukuba akwenzele izigqibo zonyango) uya kuba nakho ukucebisa ukuba loluphi unyango olulungele wena kwaye achaze isizathu.

Zithini iingxaki okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?

Iingxaki okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho ngenxa yonyango lwe-status epilepticus (SE) zixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Ezi ziquka:

• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo.
• Iingxaki zempilo yengqondo (ezifana nokudakumba kunye/okanye ixhala).
• Unyango olukhethekileyo olufumeneyo.
• Unobangela wokuxhuzula (ukuba oogqirha banokukufumana).
• Imbali yakho yezonyango kunye nazo naziphi na iimeko zempilo esele zikhona onokuba nazo.

Ugqirha wakho ngumntu ongcono kakhulu onokuchaza iingxaki ezinokubakho kunye nemiphumo emibi, kwaye angakunika iingcebiso zendlela yokuthintela okanye yokunciphisa ukuba kunokwenzeka.

Ndingazinyamekela njani okanye ndilawule iimpawu zam?

Isifo se-epilepticus (SE) sisifo esingxamisekileyo esisongela ubomi. Abantu abanale meko abanakuzinyamekela okanye bayeke ukuxhuzula ngokuthe ngqo. Eyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo yokuxilonga nokunyanga kukuya kwigumbi likaxakeka - okanye kwelinye iziko likaxakeka - elinezixhobo kunye nezinto ezifunekayo. Ngenxa yezi zizathu, esi sifo sisoloko sisizathu sokufowunela u-1990 (iNkonzo yezoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo) okanye inombolo yakho kaxakeka yendawo kwaye ufune unyango ngokukhawuleza.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuchacha emva konyango?

Ixesha lokuchacha kwi-status epilepticus (SE) kunye nonyango lwayo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezimisela ixesha lokuchacha zezona zinto zibangele i-status epilepticus yakho kunye nokuba ithathe ixesha elingakanani. Ugqirha wakho ngumntu ongcono ukukuxelela ngexesha lokuchacha kwimeko yakho.

Ungayinciphisa njani ingozi yokuba ne-epilepticus?

Zininzi izinto ezibangela ukuxhuzula, uninzi lwazo alunakuqikelelwa. Ngoko ke, akukho ndlela yokuthintela ngokupheleleyo ukuxhuzula kunye ne-status epilepticus (SE). Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindlela zokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nokuxhuzula. Ukwenza njalo kuya kunciphisa amathuba okuba nokuxhuzula kube yi-status epilepticus (SE). Nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nokuxhuzula:

• Gcina amayeza okuhlangula ekufutshane: Kwabo baziyo ukuba banesifo sokuxhuzula, ukuba namayeza "okuhlangula" esandleni kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu. Umzekelo, ii-benzodiazepines eziza nge-spray yempumlo. Umntu angakunika ezi ukuze ayeke ukuxhuzula. Omnye umzekelo yipilisi enyibilikayo emlonyeni. Ungayithatha phakathi kokuxhuzula ukuze umise uthotho lokuxhuzula. Ukuba omnye umntu une-survival, mnike ipilisi emiselweyo emva kokuba i-survival iyekile.
• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo kwaye ugcine ubunzima obusempilweni: Izifo ezininzi ezinxulumene nempilo yakho yokujikeleza kwegazi kunye nempilo yentliziyo, ingakumbi istroke, zingonakalisa iindawo zobuchopho bakho. Esi sisizathu esiphambili sokuxhuzula kubantu abangaphezu kwama-60 eminyaka. Ukulawula ukutya kwakho kunokunceda ekuthinteleni ukuxhuzula okubangelwa ziingxaki ze-electrolyte (umzekelo, i-sodium eninzi kakhulu okanye encinci kakhulu). Abanye abantu banokufuna ukutya okune-carb ephantsi okanye okungena-carb ukuthintela ukuxhuzula. Ugqirha unokukukhokela aze akuncede ngezi ndlela zokutya.
• Ukunyanga izifo: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunyanga izifo zamehlo nezendlebe. Iintsholongwane zinokusasazeka ziye engqondweni okanye zibangele umkhuhlane ophezulu. Zombini ezi zinto zinokubangela ukuxhuzula.
• Nxiba izixhobo zokhuseleko: Ukwenzakala entloko yeyona nto ibangela ukuxhuzula. Ukunxiba izixhobo zokhuseleko, ezifana nezigcina-ntloko kunye neebhanti zokhuseleko, nanini na xa kuyimfuneko, kunokunceda ukuthintela ukwenzakala okunokubangela ukuxhuzula.
• Kuphephe ukusebenzisa kakubi utywala, amayeza, kunye neziyobisi zokuzonwabisa: Ukusebenzisa ezi zinto gwenxa kunokubangela ukuxhuzula. Kwakhona, ukuba uxhomekeke kwezi zinto, usenokuba nokuxhuzula xa uyeka ukuzisebenzisa.
• Lawula iimeko zakho zempilo: Ukulawula iimeko ezingapheliyo kunokunceda ekuthinteleni ukuxhuzula, ingakumbi ezo zibangelwa ngamanqanaba aphezulu eswekile egazini, ezifana nesifo seswekile sohlobo 1 kunye nesifo seswekile sohlobo 2. Ukuba unesifo sokuxhuzula, ukuthatha amayeza okulwa nokuxhuzula kukwayinxalenye yokulawula isifo sakho.

Yintoni endinokuyilindela ukuba ndifumana imeko yokuba ne-epilepticus?

Ukuba une-status epilepticus `(SE)`, ulahlekelwa zingqondo kuba i-seizure iphazamisa ukusebenza kwengqondo yakho. Ngexesha le-seizure, ingqondo yakho ayisebenzi kakuhle, nto leyo ekwenza ungakwazi ukuqonda okwenzekayo okanye ukwenza nantoni na ngabom. Iziphumo ezichanekileyo emzimbeni wakho zixhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-seizure olubangele i-status epilepticus `(SE)`. Abantu abane-status epilepticus `(SE)` banokuzenzakalisa ngokuwa okanye ukungqubana nezinto ezikufutshane.

Ihlala ixesha elingakanani i-status epilepticus?

I-Status epilepticus (SE) ihlala ubuncinane imizuzu emihlanu. Okukhona ukuxhuzula kuqhubeka ixesha elide, kokukhona amathuba okuba kuphele ngokwako. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-status epilepticus (SE) inokuhlala ide ife ngenxa yeziphumo zale meko.

Iyintoni ikamva lale meko?

Isifo se-status epilepticus (SE) sisifo esingxamisekileyo sezonyango kuba sidla ngokubulala ukuba asinyangwa. Nangona kunjalo, iindlela zonyango ziphucuke kakhulu. Namhlanje, isifo se-status epilepticus (SE) sodwa sibulala kuphela kwi-0.5% ukuya kwi-2% yamatyala.

Ngokwesiqhelo, abantwana abancinci kunye neentsana ezifumana i-status epilepticus (SE) ngenxa yokuxhuzula okubangelwa yi-febrile zinombono olungileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba oku kwenzeka xa kukho isifo esinzima esifana ne-stroke, umngcipheko wokufa (nokuba uvela kwi-status epilepticus (SE) okanye kwezinye izifo) uyanda. Yingakho izinga lokusinda kwi-status epilepticus (SE) liphantsi phakathi kwabantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala.

Ndingazinyamekela njani? (Ukuthintela ukuxhuzula)

Ukuba unembali yesifo sokuxhuzula (SE), ukuthintela ukuxhuzula yeyona nto ibalulekileyo onokuyenza ukuze uzinyamekele. Amanyathelo abalulekileyo onokuwathatha ukuthintela ukuxhuzula ngala:

• Gcina amayeza okuhlangula nawe: Ukuba unemithi yongxamiseko oyinikwe ngugqirha wakho, yigcine nawe ngamaxesha onke. Musa ukuphuma ekhaya ungenawo. Gcina ikhadi elinemeko yakho kunye nazo naziphi na iimfuno zamayeza okanye i-allergies, okanye ucinge ngokunxiba isongo solwazi lwezonyango. Oku kunokuba luncedo ekuncedeni abo banceda kuqala xa ufuna uncedo lwezonyango kwaye akukho mntu waziyo ukuba imeko yakho ikufutshane.
• Sela amayeza akho njengoko kuyalelwe: Ukusela amayeza akho okulwa nesifo sokuwa kunokunceda ukunciphisa ukuxhaphaka nobunzima bokuwa kwakho. Oku kubalulekile ukuthintela imeko yesifo sokuwa (SE). Nokuba uzive ungcono okanye awuzange ube nesifo sokuwa ixesha elide, akufuneki uyeke ukuthatha amayeza akho. Kufuneka uyeke ukuwasebenzisa kuphela ngengcebiso kagqirha wakho.
• Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neendlela onokukhetha kuzo: Ukuba ufuna ukunciphisa amayeza akho okanye utshintshele kwelinye iyeza, ugqirha wakho angakuxelela ukuba kunokwenzeka na kwaye zeziphi iindlela onokukhetha kuzo. Ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuyeka okanye ukutshintsha, ugqirha wakho unokukunceda ukwenze ngokukhuselekileyo.
• Bona ugqirha wakho rhoqo: Ugqirha wakho uza kulungiselela ishedyuli oza kuyibona. Ezi ntlanganiso zibaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni imeko yakho nokufumana amayeza okanye unyango olufanelekileyo.
• Musa ukuzityeshela iimpawu: Ugqirha wakho angakunceda uqaphele iimpawu okanye izilumkiso ezinokwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba uxhuzule. Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho kwiimpawu zakho ezinxulumene nokuxhuzula okanye ukusebenza kakuhle kwamayeza akho, kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho.
• Ziphephe izinto ezibangela ukuxhuzula: Ukuba uneemeko ezikwandisa umngcipheko wokuba nokuxhuzula, ezifana nezibane ezikhanyayo okanye ukungalali kakuhle, ziphephe ezo zinto nanini na xa kunokwenzeka.

Ndingaya nini kwiSebe leeNgxamiseko (i-ETU) ?

I-Status epilepticus `(SE)` yimeko engxamisekileyo yezonyango. Ukuba une-status epilepticus `(SE)`, awunakufowunela i-911 (iNkonzo yezoNyango eNgxamisekileyo), ngoko ke ukuba nomnye umntu ayenze kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu. Ukuba unembali ye-status epilepticus `(SE)` kwaye usemngciphekweni wokuba nayo kwakhona, kunokuba luncedo ukuthetha nosapho lwakho, abantu obathandayo, osebenza nabo, kunye nabahlobo. Ukubazisa xa kufuneka bafune uncedo kunokusindisa ubomi bakho okanye ubomi bomnye umntu.

Ukuba umntu onayo unesifo sokuxhuzula esihlala ixesha elingaphezulu kwemizuzu emihlanu, okanye ukuba ukhe waxhuzula izihlandlo ezingaphezu kwesinye kwaye akakapholi, fowunela u-1990 (iNkonzo yezoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo) okanye inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yasekuhlaleni ngoko nangoko. Okukhona umntu efumana unyango lwe-status epilepticus (SE) ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona amathuba okuba nesiphumo esihle angcono.

Ndingenza ntoni xa umntu endihamba naye enesithuthwane?

Ukuba umntu ohamba naye unesithuthwane, kukho izinto ezimbalwa onokuzenza njengenxalenye yoncedo lokuqala lokuxhuzula. Ukuba isithuthwane sithatha imizuzu engaphezu kwemihlanu, okanye ukuba umntu uphinde waxhuzula ngaphambi kokuba aphile ngokupheleleyo, fowunela u-1990 (uNgxamiseko) okanye inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yasekuhlaleni ngoko nangoko.

Nazi ezinye izinto ekufuneka uzenze nongafanele uzenze xa umntu enesifo sokuwa:

Izinto zokwenza:

• Jonga ukuba uyakwazi na ukuphefumla: Khulula impahla entanyeni yakhe uze uqinisekise ukuba uyaphefumla.
• Gcina izinto eziyingozi kude naye: Oku kuquka izinto ezinokuphuka okanye ziwe zize zenzakalise. Ukuba unxibe iiglasi, zisuse ngononophelo uze uzibeke kufutshane.
• Mguqulele kwindawo 'yokuHlangula':Jika umntu ame ecaleni. Le ndlela inceda ekukhuseleni indlela yakhe yomoya kwaye imthintele ekuphefumleni ulwelo olufana namathe okanye ukuhlanza. Zama ukugcina intloko yakhe ihambelana nomqolo wakhe (ngengalo yakhe eyoluliweyo, umqamelo, okanye enye into phantsi kwentloko yakhe), kungenjalo i-engile yentamo yakhe ingawuvala umoya wakhe kwaye yenze kube nzima ukuphefumla.
• Ixesha lokuxhuzula lifutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka: Ukuxelela ugqirha ukuba ukuxhuzula kuthathe ixesha elingakanani kunokuba lulwazi olubalulekileyo. Kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ngaba kufuneka uncedo olungxamisekileyo lwezonyango.
• Hlala nabo njengoko besaphila emva kokuxhuzula: Abantu abaye baxhuzula badla ngokudideka nokoyika njengoko besaphila emva kokuxhuzula. Bancede ukubathuthuzela nokubaqinisekisa.
• Jonga ukuba umntu uphilile na emva kokuba ebuyele ezingqondweni: Ukuba uneengozi emva kokuba exhuzule, khangela ukuba ufuna uncedo lwezonyango na. Ukuba umntu ubetheke entloko, okanye ukuba kukho umngcipheko wokwenzakala entloko, entanyeni, okanye emqolo, eyona nto ikhuselekileyo onokuyenza kukufuna uncedo lwezonyango kwaye uqinisekise ukuba akukho zingozi zimbi ongenakuzibona.
• Funa uncedo ukuba umntu akaphili kwimizuzu eli-10-15: Ukuba umntu akaphili kwimizuzu engaphezu kweli-10-15 emva kokuba eyeke ukuxhuzula, okanye ukuba akasabeli, kufuneka ufune uncedo lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo. Oku kungaba luphawu lokuba ukuxhuzula kuyaqhubeka, nokuba umzimba awushukumi.

Izinto ekungamele zenziwe:

• Musa Ukoyika: Hlala uzolile. Ukuba abanye abantu abakungqongileyo bayaxhalaba, thetha nabo ngoxolo kangangoko unako kwaye uzame ukubathuthuzela kangangoko unako.
• Musa "ukumthintela" umntu onesifo sokuxhuzula: ungamenzakalisa loo mntu okanye wena ngokwakho.
• Musa ukufaka nantoni na emlonyeni womntu onesifo sokuxhuzula: Kukho iintsomi ezininzi malunga nesifo sokuxhuzula kunye nesifo sokuxhuzula. Intsomi enye kukuba ukufaka into efana nebhanti okanye icephe emlonyeni womntu kuya kumenza angaginyi okanye angalumi ulwimi lwakhe. Musa ukwenza oku. Akufuneki ufake nantoni na emlonyeni womntu onesifo sokuxhuzula. Ungazenzakalisa yena okanye wena.

Ndingenza ntoni xa ndivakalelwa kukuba ndinesithuthwane?

Abantu abaninzi baneempawu zokulumkisa xa beza kuba nokuxhuzula. Ukuba ucinga ukuba unesifo sokuxhuzula, ungenza ezi zinto ukuze uzilungiselele kwaye uzikhusele:

• Zikhusele kangangoko unako: Hlala phantsi okanye ulale phantsi ukuze ungawi uze uzenzakalise. Ukuba wenza into efana nokuqhuba imoto, ukusebenzisa oomatshini abanzima, okanye ukusebenzisa izixhobo, kufuneka uyeke ukuyenza.
• Fowunela umntu omthembayo uze ucele uncedo: mxelele apho ukhoyo nendlela yokukufumana.
• Ukuba awukwazi ukuthetha nomntu omaziyo, xelela umntu osondeleyo kuwe: Fumana umntu onoxanduva okanye onegunya uze umxelele ukuba ucinga ukuba unesifo sokuxhuzula. Umzekelo, ungaxelela ipolisa, unogada, utitshala, okanye umsebenzi wevenkile.

Isishwankathelo kunye nomyalezo oya nawo ekhaya

I-Status Epilepticus (SE) yimeko engxamisekileyo yezonyango esongela ubomi eyenzeka xa ukuxhuzula kuthatha imizuzu engaphezu kwemihlanu, okanye xa kungekho xesha laneleyo lokuchacha ngokupheleleyo kwi-surticulation. Ukuba semngciphekweni wokuxhuzula kunye ne-status epilepticus (SE), okanye ukubona umntu omthandayo exhuzula ixesha elide, kunokuba ngumthombo woxinzelelo noloyiko.

Nangona kunjalo, ngonyango olukhawulezileyo, abantu abaninzi bayasinda baze baphile kwesi sifo. Ngokuqhubeka nonyango, amayeza, kunye nolunye unyango, abantu abaninzi abanembali yesifo sokuwa (SE) banokuphila baze babuyele ebomini babo.

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Khumbula, ukuba umntu unesithuthwane esithatha imizuzu engaphezu kwemi-5 okanye akabuyi engqondweni emva kokuxhuzula, fowunela i-911 okanye inkonzo yonyango engxamisekileyo ngokukhawuleza!

Ukuxhuzula , imeko yesifo sokuwa, isifo sokuwa, ubuchopho, unyango olungxamisekileyo, iimpawu, uncedo lokuqala