Ukopha ngequbuliso ngaphakathi entloko? (Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - SAH) Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngayo!

Ngaba wakha waba nentloko ebuhlungu ngequbuliso, ebuhlungu kakhulu, evakala ngathi intloko yakho iyaqhuma, okanye ngathi umbane ukubethile? Abanye abantu bayibiza ngokuba "yintloko ebuhlungu kakhulu ebomini bakho." Oku akuyonto ihlekisayo. Le inokuba yimeko eyingozi kakhulu. Kwizonyango, le meko siyibiza ngokuba yi -`(Subarachnoid Hemorrhage)` okanye `(SAH)` . Le yimeko engxamisekileyo yezonyango ngokwenene. Ngoko ke masithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha, ngamazwi alula, kulungile?

Yintoni kanye kanye le (iSubarachnoid Hemorrhage)? Masiyiqonde ngokulula, akunjalo?

Ngamafutshane, `(Subarachnoid Hemorrhage)` kuxa kukho ukopha kwindawo ephakathi kwengqondo yethu kunye ne-membrane encinci egqumayo ejikeleze ingqondo . Cinga ngayo, ingqondo yethu ifana nelitye elinqabileyo. Ngoko ke ukuze siyikhusele, indalo isinike iileya ezintathu ze-membrane encinci egqumayo. Ezi sizibiza ngokuba yi-`(Meninges)`. Zifana nesikhumba setswele, okanye iileya ezininzi ezifana ne-husk yekhokhonathi.

Ezi zigqubuthelo zintathu zezi:

• I-Dura mater: Le sisigqubuthelo sangaphandle esomeleleyo kancinci ngaphantsi kwekhakayi.
• I-Arachnoid mater: Le sisigqubuthelo esiphakathi. I-membrane ethambileyo efana newebhu yesigcawu.
• Pia mater: Esi sisigqubuthelo esincinci kakhulu nesingaphakathi esinamathele engqondweni ngokwayo.

Ngoku, okwenzekayo kule `(Subarachnoid Hemorrhage)` kukuba ukopha kwenzeka phantsi kwe-arachnoid membrane embindini (oko kukuthi, kwindawo "engaphantsi kwe-arachnoid"). Oku kuyingozi kakhulu, kuba oku kukopha kunokubangela uxinzelelo engqondweni, kwaye iiseli zengqondo zinokonakala. Yiyo loo nto oku kuthathwa njengengxamiseko yezonyango.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe (Subarachnoid Hemorrhage) kunye ne (Subdural Hematoma)?

Usenokuba ukhe weva ngenye imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Subdural Hematoma". Zombini ziphuma igazi ngaphakathi kwengqondo. Umahluko kukuba kwenzeka phi ukopha .

• Kwi-"Subdural Hematoma", igazi lihamba liye kwindawo engaphantsi kwengubo engaphandle, i-"dura mater" esiyikhankanyileyo ngaphambili.
• Kwi-subarachnoid hemorrhage, igazi lihamba liye kwindawo engaphantsi kwe-arachnoid membrane .

Iimpawu zazo zombini ngamanye amaxesha ziyafana, zombini zinokubangela umonakalo engqondweni, kwaye zombini ziimeko ezifuna unyango olungxamisekileyo.

Ngubani onokuba nethuba elikhulu lokufumana isifo se-SAH? Zithini izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko?

Le meko, ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Subarachnoid Hemorrhage," inokwenzeka nakubani na. Nangona kunjalo, ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-40 ukuya kwengama-60 .

Ukulimala entloko (SAH) kuxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala ngenxa yomngcipheko okhulayo wokuwa kunye nokulahlekelwa yibhalansi njengoko abantu bekhula. Phakathi kwabantu abancinci, iingozi zezithuthi zezona zibangela eziphambili.

Ukongeza, kukho nezinye izinto ezininzi ezinokubangela umngcipheko ekuphuhlisweni kwe-SAH. Nazi:

• Ukuba ne-aneurysm engaqhekekanga engqondweni yakho okanye kwenye indawo emzimbeni wakho (i-aneurysm ngumthambo wegazi ovuthuluka njengebhaluni).
• Ukuba nembali ye-brain aneurysm eyayiqhuma ngaphambili.
• Ukutshaya icuba. (Le yimbangela yezifo ezininzi, akunjalo?)
• Ukuba noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu). (Sithi "uxinzelelo oluphezulu").
• Ezinye izifo zemfuza, umzekelo, izifo zezicubu ezidityanisiweyo ezifana ne-``Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD)`` kunye ne-``Ehlers-Danlos syndrome``.
• Ukuba nesifo sezintso esibizwa ngokuba yi-"(Polycystic kidney disease)".
• Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezifana ne-cocaine kunye/okanye i-methamphetamine.
• Ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwezithambisi-gazi ezifana neWarfarin (Ezi mazisetyenziswe kuphela phantsi kwengcebiso kagqirha).
• Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho oye waba ne-aneurysm (oko kuthetha ukuba unembali eqinileyo yosapho).

Kubalulekile: Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zinto zinobungozi, akuthethi ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo uza kuba ne-SAH. Nangona kunjalo, oko kuthetha ukuba umngcipheko wakho uphezulu. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.

Zithini iimpawu zale meko iyingozi? Uyibona njani?

Uphawu oluphambili noluyingozi kakhulu lokopha kwegazi kwi-subarachnoid yi- "thunderclap headache" esiyikhankanyileyo ngaphambili. Le yintloko ebuhlungu kakhulu, ebuhlungu ngequbuliso. Ingavakala ngathi kukho into eqhumayo ngaphakathi entlokweni yakho. Abantu abaninzi bathi, "Andikaze ndibe nentloko ebuhlungu ngolu hlobo ebomini bam."

Ukuba ufumana intloko ebuhlungu nebuhlungu ngequbuliso efana nale, ingakumbi ukuba unezinye iimpawu ezidweliswe ngezantsi, nceda utsalele umnxeba ku-911 (1990 Suwaseriya eSri Lanka) ngaphandle kokulibazisa, okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane ngokukhawuleza. Oku kungasindisa ubomi bakho!

Ezinye iimpawu zezi:

• Ukuncipha kwengqondo kunye nobunzima bokuhlala uphaphile.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
• Ukuziva ukuqina kwentamo, ubunzima bokugoba intamo (Intamo eqinileyo) .
• Uziva ngathi ulahlekelwa bubomi ngequbuliso.
• Utshintsho kwindlela ovakalelwa ngayo kunye nobuntu bakho (umz., ukucaphuka, ukucaphuka).
• Isiyezi .
• I-Photophobia (uvakalelo lwamehlo ekukhanyeni okuqaqambileyo) .
• Iintlungu zemisipha , ingakumbi entanyeni nasemagxeni.
• Ukungabi namandla kwenxalenye yomzimba.
• Ukuba nesithukuthezi (ukuxhuzula) `(Ukuxhuzula)` .
• Utshintsho kumbono : Ukubona kabini, amabala amnyama embonweni, ukulahleka kombono okwexeshana kwelinye iliso.

Ukuba olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu luhamba nentloko ebuhlungu kakhulu, kukho ithuba elikhulu lokuba yi-'SAH'.

Kutheni oku (i-Subarachnoid Hemorrhage) kwenzeka? Zithini izizathu eziphambili?

Kukho izizathu ezibini eziphambili zokuphuma kwegazi kwi-subarachnoid.

1. Ukulimala entloko: Le yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo. Umzekelo, ukuwa kakhulu okanye ingozi yemoto kunokubangela ukubetheka okukhulu entloko.

2. I-aneurysm yobuchopho eqhekekileyo: Le yimbangela eqhelekileyo. Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, i-aneurysm yindawo ebuthathaka eludongeni lomthambo wegazi engqondweni evuthuluka njengebhaluni. Ukuba iqhuma ngequbuliso, igazi lingena ngqo kwindawo engaphantsi kwe-arachnoid membrane. Le yimbangela ye-85% yokuqhambuka kwe-aneurysm ngequbuliso (SAH) ngaphandle kokwenzakala entloko.

Ukongeza kwezi zizathu zimbini ziphambili, kukho nezinye izizathu ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga:

• Ukopha okuvela kwindawo edibeneyo yemithambo yegazi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-``Arteriovenous malformation (AVM)``.
• Ezinye iingxaki zokopha.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwezithambisi-gazi (xa zisetyenziswa ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha).
• Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezifana ne-cocaine kunye/okanye i-methamphetamine.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le nto? Zeziphi iimvavanyo abazenzayo?

Ukuba, emva kokuphonononga iimpawu zakho kunye novavanyo lokuqala, ugqirha ukrokrela ukuba une-"Subarachnoid Hemorrhage", uya kuyalela ngoko nangoko ukuba kwenziwe i-"CT scan" (i-Computerized Tomography scan).

I-CT scan ingathatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zezicubu zomzimba wethu. I-CT scan yobuchopho yindlela esebenzayo kakhulu yokubona ukuba kukho i-SAH na. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-scan ebizwa ngokuba yi-CT angiography (CTA) nayo yenziwa ngokufaka ulwelo olukhethekileyo emthanjeni ukuze kujongwe imeko yemithambo yegazi.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba yi-SAH encinci kakhulu, okanye ukuba yenzekile ngaphantsi kweeveki ezimbini ezidlulileyo, isenokungabonwa nge-CT scan. Kwimeko enjalo, ugqirha unokufuna ukwenza ezinye iimvavanyo.

Bazi:

• Ukubhoboza emqolo: Oku kuquka ukufaka inaliti encinci kakhulu emqolo wakho ongezantsi uze uthathe isampuli yolwelo olujikeleze ingqondo yakho kunye nomqolo (olubizwa ngokuba yi-cerebrospinal fluid - CSF). Olu lwelo luvavanywa emva koko ukuba aluna-xanthochromia (imbonakalo etyheli). Ukuba lukhona, oko kuthetha ukuba une-SAH.
• I-Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Oku kunokujonga ukopha kobuchopho kutshanje.

Nje ukuba i-SAH ifunyaniswe, unyango esibhedlele luqala ngokufumanisa nokuphatha unobangela, kunye nokulawula naziphi na iingxaki ezinokuvela. Ngenxa yokuba ngaphezulu kwama-80% ee-SAH ezingenakwenzakala entloko zibangelwa yi-aneurysm, oogqirha badla ngokwenza uvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-cerebral angiogram, oluthatha imifanekiso yemithambo-luvo esebuchotsheni, kwaye lunyange i-aneurysm.

Zithini iindlela zokunyanga oku? Kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuze umntu aphile?

Ukopha kwe-Subarachnoid yimeko engxamisekileyo esongela ubomi kwaye idla ngokuphathwa kwigumbi lonyango oluphezulu (ICU) esibhedlele , apho kukho ulwazi ngezifo zemithambo-luvo. Iinjongo eziphambili zonyango zezi:

• Ukusindisa ubomi bakho.
• Chonga unobangela wokopha uze unyange.
• Ukunciphisa iimpawu.
• Ukuthintela iingxaki (umz. iVasospasm - ukuxinana kwemithambo yegazi, iHydrocephalus - ukuqokelelwa kolwelo engqondweni, umonakalo ongapheliyo engqondweni).

Unyango olusindisa ubomi kunye nonyango lokulawula iimpawu lunokuquka:

• Iinkqubo zokuxhasa ubomi.
• Ukufaka ityhubhu ukuze kuncitshiswe uxinzelelo engqondweni.
• Iindlela zokukhusela indlela yokuphefumla.
• Iyeza lokunciphisa ukudumba ngaphakathi kwentloko.
• Amayeza anikwa ngemithambo ukuze kulawulwe uxinzelelo lwegazi.
• Amayeza okuthintela ukuxinana kwemithambo yegazi.
• Iipilisi zokunciphisa iintlungu zentloko kunye namayeza okulwa nokuxhalaba.
• Amayeza okuthintela okanye ukunyanga ukufaneleka.

Usenokufuna utyando ukuze unyange i-SAH kunye nesizathu sayo:

• Ukuba i-SAH ibangelwa kukwenzakala, susa nawaphi na amahlwili egazi amakhulu aqokeleleneyo, okanye unciphise uxinzelelo engqondweni.
• Ukuba i-aneurysm iqhumile yaza yaba yi-"SAH", lungisa i-aneurysm.

Ubude bexesha oza kuhlala ngalo esibhedlele buya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho yempilo. Uninzi lwabantu abane-SAH baza kuhlala esibhedlele iintsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezingama-20 , kuxhomekeke kwimeko yabo nokuba bayalufuna na unyango.

Yintoni esinokuyenza ukuthintela ukuphuhliswa kwe-SAH?

Uninzi lweemeko zokopha kwe-subarachnoid zibangelwa kukwenzakala entloko kunye/okanye ukuqhekeka kwe-aneurysms yobuchopho. Ke ngoko, eyona nto ingcono esinokuyenza ukuze siphephe ukopha kwe-subarachnoid kukuzama ukulawula izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko kwezi meko zombini.

Lumka ungalimazi intloko yakho:

• Nxiba isigcina-ntloko rhoqo xa ukhwela ibhayisekile, ibhayisekile, okanye udlala imidlalo enobungozi obukhulu.
• Soloko uqhuba ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye uthobele imithetho yendlela.
• Ukuba uwela rhoqo, bonana nogqirha wezonyango okanye uchwephesha wezomsebenzi ukuze ufunde iindlela zokuthintela ukuwa, nokwenza imeko-bume yasekhaya ikhuseleke ngakumbi.

Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba ne-brain aneurysm kunye/okanye ukuthintela ukuqhuma kwe-aneurysm ekhoyo:

• Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nento onokuyenza ukuze uhlale usempilweni. Uhlala ecebisa oku kulandelayo:
• Lawula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (ngokusebenzisa amayeza kunye notshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo).
• Kuphephe ukutshaya.
• Zilolonge rhoqo (kodwa kuphephe ukuphakamisa iintsimbi ezinzima ngequbuliso, kuba oku kunokubangela ukuba i-aneurysm iqhume).
• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo.
• Ukuba unengxaki yokusebenzisa utywala okanye iziyobisi, fumana uncedo. Musa ukusebenzisa izinto ezivuselela ingqondo ezifana ne-cocaine.

Yintoni enokulindelwa emva kwesi simo? (Ukuxela kwangaphambili kunye neengxaki)

Isiganeko emva kokopha kwegazi elingaphantsi kwe-subarachnoid sixhomekeke kwisizathu, ukuba sibi kangakanani, nokuba kukho ezinye iingxaki okanye ukwenzakala.

Le yimeko embi kakhulu . Malunga nesiqingatha sabantu abafumana i-SAH bafa ngequbuliso . Kwabo bakwaziyo ukuya esibhedlele:

• Malunga nesithathu safa esibhedlele.
• Malunga nesinye kwisithathu siphila nohlobo oluthile lokukhubazeka.
• Malunga nesinye kwisithathu sibuyela kwisiqhelo.

Iingxaki ezikhawulezileyo ze-SAH zezi:

• Ukuba nesithukuthezi (Ukuxhuzula).
• I-Vasospasm (ukuncitshiswa komthambo wegazi engqondweni, okuthintela ukuhamba kwegazi).
• Ukopha kwakhona emva konyango lokuqala.
• I-Hydrocephalus (ukuqokelelwa kolwelo engqondweni).
• Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-intracranial.
• Ukuqhaqhazela kobuchopho.
• Isifo sohlangothi lwengqondo/ischemic stroke sibangelwa kukuncipha kokunikezelwa kwegazi engqondweni.
• Ukufa.

Ziziphi iingxaki ze-SAH ezihlala ixesha elide?

Ngenxa yokuba ukopha okungaphantsi kwe-subarachnoid kunokonakalisa ingqondo, kunokubangela iingxaki zexesha elide, kwanezo zingapheliyo. Iingxaki ezinokubakho zexesha elide ziquka:

• Iingxaki zomzimba: Ukozela nokudinwa rhoqo, ukungaziva okanye ubuthathaka kwiindawo zomzimba, ubunzima bokuginya, ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi.
• Imiba yokuqonda: iingxaki zenkumbulo, ubunzima bokugxila, ubunzima bokucwangcisa nokwenza imisebenzi enzima.
• Ubunzima bokuthetha: Intetho engacacanga okanye intetho ecothayo. Ubunzima bokufumana amagama owafunayo.
• Iingxaki zempilo yengqondo: I-SAH yintlungu enkulu ebomini. Ingakhokelela kwiimeko ezifana nokudakumba, ixhala ngokubanzi, kunye ne-post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango zezi ngxaki zexesha elide. Umzekelo:

• Ulungiso lwenyama.
• Unyango lomsebenzi.
• Unyango lokuthetha.
• Unyango lwengqondo (unyango lokuthetha).

Amanye amayeza anokunceda koku. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi ngxaki, thetha neqela lakho lezonyango.

Ukuba ayinyangwa, i-SAH inethuba lokufa eliyi-65% kunyaka omnye. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ifunyaniswe kakuhle kwaye inyangwa, ithuba lokufa kunyaka omnye linokwehliswa liye kwi-18%.

Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-SAH, kuya kufuneka ubone iqela lakho lezonyango rhoqo ukuze ujonge impilo yakho kunye nenkqubela phambili yakho. Ungadinga nonyango lomzimba, lomsebenzi, kunye/okanye lokuthetha ukuba kukho iingxaki.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Kulungile, ngoko ke ndiyathemba ukuba ngoku uyaqonda kakuhle into ebesithetha ngayo namhlanje, `(Subarachnoid Hemorrhage).` Nazi ezinye zezinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• Intloko ebuhlungu neqatha ngequbuliso inokuba luphawu oluphambili lwe-SAH.
• `(SAH)` yingxamiseko yezonyango . Ukuba uneempawu, funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukulimala entloko kunye nokuqhekeka kwe-aneurysms yobuchopho zezona zinto zibangela oku.
• Umngcipheko wokufumana i-SAH ungancitshiswa ngokulawula izinto ezinobungozi kunye nokulandela indlela yokuphila ekhuselekileyo.
• Nangona le meko inzima, kukho ithuba lokusindisa ubomi nokuphila ubomi obuhle ngonyango olukhawulezileyo kunye nokuvuselelwa ngokufanelekileyo.

Ngoko ke, qaphela oku. Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo ubonakalisa naziphi na ezi mpawu, thabatha inyathelo ngoko nangoko. Hlala usempilweni!

Ukopha kwegazi kwiSubarachnoid , i-SAH, Ukopha Ubuchopho, Intloko ebuhlungu eqhaqhazelisayo, i-Brain Aneurysm, i-Brain Aneurysm, Unyango oluNgxamisekileyo, Ukwenzakala eNhloko, Ukugquma Ubuchopho