UNishan (oneminyaka engama-28 ubudala) weza ekliniki ngaloo mini eziva exinezelekile kwaye edanile. Akungena nje kwigumbi, wahlikihla intamo yakhe waza wajonga phantsi, wahlala ethule ixesha elide.
"Gqirha, ndifunde inqaku kwi-intanethi izolo ebusuku malunga nencwadi kaRichard Dawkins ethi 'The Selfish Gene'. Ngokutsho kwayo, sonke singoomatshini nje, njengeerobhothi, ezenzelwe ukuvelisa iijini, ezisebenza ngokweejini zethu. Utata nootatomkhulu banoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye nesifo seswekile. Ngaba oko kuthetha ukuba iijini zam zenzelwe ukuba zindigulise ngendlela efanayo? Asinankululeko na yokulawula ubomi bethu?" wabuza uNishan ngoloyiko olukhulu.
Ndamjonga uNishan ndaza ndancuma ngovelwano. "Nishan, ungoyiki. URichard Dawkins, owabhala loo ncwadi, wasebenzisa igama elithi 'ukuzingca' kuphela njengesifaniso sezilwanyana. Oko akuthethi ukuba asinayo inkululeko yokuphila. Nangona ii-genes ziyisicwangciso sobomi bethu, asizizo iirobhothi nje kuphela. Singayilawula indlela ii-genes zethu ezisebenza ngayo ngemikhwa yethu enempilo, ukutya, kunye nokuphila kakuhle kwengqondo. Kwisayensi yezonyango, oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-epigenetics. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngobudlelwane phakathi kwale ngcamango yesayensi ye-gene yokuzingca kunye nempilo yethu yokwenyani."
Zithini ii-genes?
Iigenes ziikhowudi ezincinci zebhayoloji eziqulathe imiyalelo eyimfihlo efunekayo ukwakha nokusebenza komzimba wethu wonke. Zifumaneka kwiimolekyuli zeDNA ezingaphakathi kwiiseli zethu.
Ezi jini azibonisi nje kuphela umbala wamehlo ethu, ubude, kunye nolusu lwethu, kodwa nendlela amasosha ethu omzimba alwa ngayo nezifo. Nangona iijini zinokubonakala ngathi ziikhemikhali ezingaphiliyo, zingamandla aphambili axhasa ubomi eMhlabeni.
Ngaba ii-genes azifi ngokwenene?
Njengabantu, sonke siyafa ngenye imini. Imizimba yethu ayihlali ihleli. Kodwa ii-genes ezingaphakathi emizimbeni yethu azifi. Zidluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana ngabantwana bethu nabazukulwana bethu.
Ezinye ii-genes zingaphila iminyaka eyizigidi ngaphandle kokutshintsha kwimizimba yezilwanyana nabantu. Yiyo loo nto uRichard Dawkins wabiza ii-genes ngokuthi "zii-replicators ezingafiyo." Ukukhethwa kwendalo kuqinisekisa ukuba kuphela ezo genes zilungele okusingqongileyo kwaye zinokudluliselwa ngempumelelo kwisizukulwana esilandelayo ezisindayo.
Iimatshini zebhayoloji ezithwala iijini (iiMatshini zokusinda)
Ngokwengcamango "yejini enobugovu," imizimba yethu, izilwanyana kunye nabantu, yenzelwe ukugcina nokudlulisela iijini zethu kwisizukulwana esilandelayo. UDawkins ubize imizimba yethu ngokuthi "oomatshini bokusinda" kwiijini.
- Ukutya: Sitya ukuze sifumane amandla esiwadingayo ukugcina imizimba yethu nokukhusela iijini zethu.
- Ukunyamekela amantshontsho:Izilwanyana zenza konke okusemandleni azo ukukhusela amantshontsho azo, njengoko zifumana i-50% yemfuza yazo.
- Ukutsaleleka ngokwesondo: Iipikoko zibonisa iintsiba zazo ezintle ukuze zitsale iqabane kwaye zidlulisele iijini zazo kwisizukulwana esilandelayo.
Ukhuphiswano kunye neNtsebenziswano kwiNguquko
Ukusinda kobomi lukhuphiswano oluqhubekayo. Olu khuphiswano lwenzeka ikakhulu phakathi kwezakhi zofuzo.
Ugqatso phakathi kwengwenya nenyamakazi
Izakhi zofuzo zengwenkala zizama ukuyinika uzipho olukhawulezayo nolubukhali. Ukuze ingwenkala ikwazi ukubamba ixhoba kwaye iphile. Kwelinye icala, izakhi zofuzo zenyamakazi zizama ukuyinika ukusabela ngokukhawuleza kunye nokukwazi ukuzimela. Ngoko ke, izakhi zofuzo zamacala omabini zizama ukoyisana, kwaye oku kubizwa ngokuba lugqatso lweengalo oluvela kwindalo.
Intsebenziswano yokuZiphendukela Kwezinto
Nangona ii-genes zinobugovu, ngamanye amaxesha intsebenziswano ibalulekile ukuze ii-genes ziphile. Umzekelo, xa iinyosi zisasaza impova kwiintyatyambo, zifunxa i-nectar. Intsebenziswano phakathi kweenyosi nentyatyambo inceda ekuqhubeni ngempumelelo ii-genes zamacala omabini.
Iijini zeHox: Iikhaphu zexesha lendalo
Iijini zeHox liqela elibaluleke kakhulu leejini ezimisela ulwakhiwo lomzimba (intloko, umqolo, kunye namalungu) wezilwanyana.
Ezi jini azitshintshanga ngendlela emangalisayo kangangeminyaka engamakhulu ezigidi. Ukufana phakathi kwejini zeHox ezimisela imo yomzimba wempukane kunye nejini zeHox ezimisela imo yomzimba womntu kuye kwamangaza izazinzulu. Ezi ziikhaphu zendalo zokwenyani, kwaye obu bubungqina obuqinileyo bokuba zonke izinto eziphilayo eMhlabeni zavela kukhokho omnye.
I-gene yobugovu kunye nokuziphatha komntu
Emva kwenkoliso yeendlela esiziphatha ngazo kukho imiyalelo enikwa yingqondo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ii-genes ziyasinda.
- Uthando lwabazali: Abazali bazimisele ukuzincama ngenxa yabantwana babo kuba ii-genes zabo zikhona ebantwaneni. Kwi-genetics, oku kubizwa ngokuba "kukukhetha i-kin".
- Uthando Nomtshato: Xa sikhetha iqabane, sikhetha umntu osempilweni nonomzimba ongcono, ngenjongo yokuzala abantwana abanamandla.
🚨 Amanyathelo okhuseleko kunye neengcebiso zonyango
Ukuba kukho iimeko zemfuza ezenzeka kusapho lwakho, kubalulekile ukuba uzazi.
Iimeko apho kufuneka udibane nogqirha ngoko nangoko kwaye ucele ingcebiso:
- Ukuba amalungu amaninzi osapho asondeleyo aye anesifo somhlaza, isifo sentliziyo, okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso eselula.
- Ukuba omabini amacala osapho lwabantu ababini abafuna ukutshata baneengxaki zegazi ezizuzwe njengeThalassemia.
- Ukuba uphunyelwa zizisu rhoqo ngelixa ulindele umntwana.
Izinto ekufuneka zenziwe nezo kufuneka zingayenzi
| ✔️ Izinto onokuzenza (Zenze) | ❌ Izinto ongazifuniyo |
|---|---|
| Yiba nolwazi olupheleleyo ngembali yosapho lwakho. | Musa ukoyika ukucinga ukuba ngenxa yokuba kukho izifo kusapho lwakho, ngokuqinisekileyo uza kufumana isifo esifanayo. |
| Lawula iziphumo ezimbi zezakhi zofuzo ngokutya okunempilo kunye nendlela yokuphila esebenzayo. | Musa ukuzikhathaza ngokungeyomfuneko ngokucinga ngezifo zemfuza ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha novavanyo. |
| Ukuba kuyimfuneko, funa ingcebiso ngemfuza ngokusekelwe kwingcebiso kagqirha. | Kuphephe ukutsiba iimvavanyo ezicetyiswa ngugqirha wakho ngexesha lokukhulelwa. |
❓ Eminye imibuzo onokuba nayo (FAQ)
Ngaba i-gene yokuzingca ithetha ukuba sonke sizalwa sizingca ?
Hayi. Igama elithi 'ubugovu' lisetyenziswa apha ukuchaza indlela yendalo yokudlulisela ii-genes kwiikopi zazo kwisizukulwana esilandelayo, kungekhona ukuchaza ingcinga yomntu okanye ukuziphatha kwakhe. Enyanisweni, le ngcamango ichaza ukuba intsebenziswano kunye nokubonelela abantu nezilwanyana kudla ngokunceda ii-genes zisinde.
Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwam onesifo esibangelwa yimfuza, ngaba nam ndiza kusifumana? ▼
Hayi. Nangona imbali yosapho inokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba nesifo, ayiqinisekisi ukuba uza kuyifumana nge-100%. Izifo ezininzi, ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo seswekile, nesifo sentliziyo, zinezinto ezininzi. Oko kukuthi, ukongeza kwizakhi zofuzo, izinto zangaphandle ezifana nendlela ophila ngayo, ukutya, umthambo, kunye noxinzelelo nazo zimisela ukuba ezo zakhi zofuzo ziyasebenza okanye azisebenzi.
Ngaba uvavanyo lwemfuza lunokufumanisa izifo kwangethuba? ▼
Ewe. Ngokwesayensi yezonyango yangoku, uvavanyo lwemfuza olusebenzisa isampuli yegazi lunokufumanisa izifo ezidluliselwa kwilifa onokuba semngciphekweni wokuzifumana kwixesha elizayo (umz. utshintsho lwemfuza lwe-BRCA1/BRCA2 olumisela umngcipheko womhlaza webele). Olu phawu lwakubonwa kwangoko lukuvumela ukuba uthathe amanyathelo afunekayo ezonyango kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila ukuthintela esi sifo.
Ngaba ukuhlelwa kwezakhi zofuzo ngeteknoloji efana neCRISPR kukhuselekile? ▼
I-CRISPR-Cas9 yiteknoloji entsha enokusika nokuguqula i-DNA ngokuchanekileyo. Okwangoku ivavanywa ngokwezonyango ukuze inyange izifo ezinzulu zemfuza ezifana ne-hemophilia kunye ne-sickle cell anemia, ngempumelelo enkulu. Nangona kunjalo, kusekho uphando oluqinileyo lwesayensi kunye neenkqubo zokulawula eziqhubekayo kwihlabathi liphela malunga nemiba yokhuseleko kunye neyokuziphatha.
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