Ngaba nawe uyoyika umhlaza womqala? (Umhlaza womqala) Masithethe ngale nto!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ukhe ube nomphimbo obuhlungu okanye utshintsho kwilizwi lakho? Kusenokuba ngumkhuhlane okanye enye into. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uneempawu ezihlala zikho, kungcono ukuba ukhathazeke kancinci. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngomhlaza womphimbo. Nangona le yingongoma eyoyikisayo, kubalulekile ukuba uyiqaphele.

Yintoni le mhlaza womqala?

Ngamafutshane, "umhlaza womphimbo" kukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza emqaleni wakho, okwaziwa ngokwezonyango ngokuba yi-"pharynx", okanye i-larynx yakho, eyinxalenye yebhokisi yelizwi lakho. Oku kunqabile kancinci kunezinye iintlobo zomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, xa umntu efumana le meko, uninzi lwexesha iithumba zomhlaza zikhula embindini womphimbo, ``oropharynx'', okanye i-larynx.

Umhlaza womqala uhlala ungenazo iimpawu ekuqaleni . Xa iimpawu zibonakala, zinokufana nezifo eziqhelekileyo, ezingengobungozi kangako, ezifana nomphimbo obuhlungu okanye intlungu yendlebe. Yiyo loo nto abanye abantu belibazisa ukuya kugqirha.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uneempawu ezinokubonisa umhlaza womphimbo, ingakumbi ukuba zihlala ngaphezulu kweeveki ezimbini , musa ukuzityeshela. Uninzi lomhlaza womphimbo lunokunyangwa kwaye lunyangeke. Ezinye zinokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuxilongwa kwaye unyangwe kwangethuba .

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zale meko?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza womqala. Masibone ukuba zeziphi:

• Umhlaza womqala: Lo uvela embindini womqala wakho. Lo lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza womqala kumazwe afana ne-United States.
• Umhlaza weLaryngeal: Oku kuchaphazela ibhokisi yakho yelizwi, okanye ilarynx. Ingaqala kwinxalenye ephezulu yelarynx (umhlaza we-supraglottic), kwinxalenye ephakathi apho kukho khona iintambo zelizwi (umhlaza we-glottic), okanye kwinxalenye esezantsi (umhlaza we-subglottic).
• Umhlaza we-Hypopharyngeal: Oku kwenzeka kwinxalenye yomqala wakho ngaphezulu komqala wakho kunye nombhobho womoya.
• Umhlaza wempumlo: Oku kuvela kwinxalenye yomqala wakho ngasemva kwempumlo yakho.

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza womqala?

Iimpawu zomhlaza womphimbo zihlala zifana nezezinye izifo ezingabalulekanga kangako, ezifana nomkhuhlane okanye i-allergies. Iimpawu zezi zifo zincinci zihlala ziphela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba azinyangwa, iimpawu zomhlaza womphimbo ziya kuba mandundu, zingabi ngcono .

Nazi iimpawu zomhlaza womqala:

• Umphimbo obuhlungu (njengomphimbo obuhlungu)
• Intlungu yendlebe (ingavakala ngathi yintlungu yendlebe)
• Ubunzima bokuginya okanye intlungu xa uginya
• Iqhubu entanyeni, emqaleni, okanye ngasemva komlomo
• Utshintsho lwelizwi, njengokurhawuzelela
• Ukukhohlela okungapheliyo okanye ukukhohlela igazi
• Ukwehla kobunzima (ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yobunzima bokutya nokuginya)

Ukuba unale mpawu kangangeeveki ezingaphezu kwezimbini, bonana nogqirha ukuze athethe ngazo. Emva koko banokufumanisa ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ingxaki yakho.

Ziziphi iimpawu zokuqala zomhlaza womphimbo?

Iimpawu zokuqala zomhlaza womqala ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo apho umhlaza ukhoyo . Umzekelo, iimpawu zokuqala zomhlaza womqala zingabandakanya iqhuma entanyeni, iintlungu zendlebe, kunye nentlungu xa uginya. Uphawu lokuqala oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza womqala kukurhawuzela okungapheliyo.

Amaxesha amaninzi, umhlaza womqala awubonisi zimpawu kwasekuqaleni. Xa uqala ukubona utshintsho, umhlaza usenokuba sele uqhubekile. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha ukuba iimpawu zakho aziphucukanga kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu.

Zithini izizathu zomhlaza womqala?

Umhlaza womqala wenzeka xa kukho utshintsho kwiijini (ii-genetic mutations) kwiiseli ezisemqaleni wakho. Olu tshintsho lwe-genetic lubangela ukuba iiseli eziphilileyo ziqale ukukhula zibe ziiseli zomhlaza. Ukuba azinyangwa, ezi seli zomhlaza zinokusasazeka ziye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba wakho. Abaphandi basazama ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni ebangela olu tshintsho.

Izinto Ezinobungozi

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezibangela umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza womqala. Masizazi nezo zinto.

• Ukutshaya okanye ukusebenzisa ezinye iimveliso zecuba: Eyona nto iphambili neyona inobungozi obukhulu bokufumana umhlaza womqala kukusebenzisa icuba .
• Usulelo lwe-HPV: I-Human Papillomavirus (HPV) yintsholongwane enokudluliselwa ngesondo lomlomo. Kumazwe aphuhlileyo, i-HPV yeyona nto iphambili ebangela uninzi lomhlaza omtsha womqala.
• Ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo: Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba eminye imiphunga yomphimbo inxulunyaniswa nokusetyenziswa kotywala. Umngcipheko uphezulu nangakumbi ukuba usebenzisa necuba.
• Ukosuleleka yintsholongwane ka-Epstein-Barr: Le ntsholongwane, ebangela i-mononucleosis (i-mono), inokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza womqala. (Kunokwenzeka ukuba ichaphazele umhlaza wempumlo.)
• Ukuvezwa kwizinto ezinobuthi: Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kwizinto ezibangela umhlaza ezifana ne-asbestos, uthuli lomthi, kunye ne-formaldehyde nako kwandisa umngcipheko.
• Ukutya ukutya okuninzi okanye okuncinci kakhulu: Ukutya inyama eninzi egciniweyo kunye nokungatyi imifuno neziqhamo ezaneleyo nako kwandisa umngcipheko.

Ungayinciphisa njani ingozi?

Nangona kungekho ndlela yokuthintela ngokupheleleyo umhlaza womphimbo, kukho izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho:

• Musa ukusebenzisa icuba okanye ezinye iimveliso zecuba. (Ukuba uyatshaya, cela uncedo kugqirha wakho ukuba akuncede uyeke.)
• Fumana isitofu sokugonya se-HPV.
• Kuphephe utywala ngokupheleleyo okanye ubusele ngokulinganisela.
• Yitya ukutya okutyebileyo kwimifuno, iziqhamo, kunye nokutya okuziinkozo, njengokutya kwaseMeditera.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le meko?

Oogqirha basebenzisa iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ukuxilonga umhlaza womphimbo. Ezinye zazo zezi:

• Uvavanyo lomzimba: Ugqirha wakho uza kukhangela iimpawu zomhlaza womqala, njengeqhubu entanyeni yakho, aze akubuze ngemikhwa yakho eyonyusa umngcipheko wakho, njengokutshaya.
• Uvavanyo olusebenzisa i-endoscope: Ugqirha wakho unokufaka ityhubhu encinci efakwe ikhamera ebizwa ngokuba yi-scope emqaleni wakho ukuze ahlole umhlaza womqala. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-endoscopy. Ukuba i-larynx ihlolwe, ibizwa ngokuba yi-laryngoscopy.
• I-Biopsy: Ngexesha le-endoscopy, ugqirha usenokuthatha iqhekeza lesicwili esikrokrelekayo aze asithumele kwilebhu ukuze ahlole iiseli zomhlaza. I-biopsy yeyona ndlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba unomhlaza womphimbo.
• Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso: I-CT scan kunye ne-MRI zinokubonisa ukuba unomhlaza emqaleni wakho nakwingqula. I-PET scan inokubona nokuba umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya komqala.

Uhlalutyo lomhlaza

Ukuhlolwa komhlaza kuvumela oogqirha ukuba bamisele ukuba umhlaza womqala ukhule kwaye usasazeke kangakanani. Le yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokuxilongwa. Indlela ezi zigaba ezibizwa ngayo iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza. Umhlaza womqala uhlala uhlelwa njengesigaba soku-1 (esinye) - esingakhange sihambe phambili kakhulu - ukuya kwinqanaba lesi-IV (esine) - esihambe phambili kwaye sisasazeke kakhulu.

Umzekelo, umhlaza womqala weSigaba soku-1 uthetha ukuba ithumba lincinci kwaye alikasasazekanga kwiindawo ze-lymph nodes okanye kwezinye izicwili. Umhlaza weSigaba sesi-4 usenokuba usasazeke (wasasazeka) nakwezinye iindawo.

Unyangwa njani umhlaza womphimbo?

Oogqirha basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunyanga umhlaza womphimbo. Ukuba ungumntu otshayayo, banokukucebisa ukuba uyeke ukutshaya ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango lomhlaza. Oku kuya kwandisa impumelelo yonyango kwaye kunciphise umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Utyando

Injongo ephambili yotyando kukususa umhlaza omninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngelixa ugcina amandla akho okuphefumla, ukuthetha, nokuginya. Ugqirha wakho unokususa amaqhuma amancinci ngelixa ethatha izicubu ukuze enze i-biopsy. Kwiqhuma elikhulu, unokufuna utyando lwe-laryngectomy, okanye utyando oluvulekileyo ukuze ususe inxalenye okanye yonke ibhokisi yakho yelizwi. Unokufuna nokususwa kwentamo ukuze ususe ii-lymph nodes apho iiseli zomhlaza zisasazeke khona.

Unyango ngemitha

Unyango oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza womphimbo lunyango lwemitha, olusebenzisa umatshini ukuthumela imisebe yamandla enamandla aphezulu ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Oku kunokwanela iithumba ezincinci ezingasasazekanga. Okanye, unyango lwemitha lunokunikwa kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango, ezifana notyando okanye i-chemotherapy.

Unyango ngamakhemikhali

I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa amayeza ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Oogqirha badla ngokusebenzisa i-chemotherapy kunye ne-radiation therapy kunye ukunyanga umhlaza womphimbo. I-Chemotherapy isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa iithumba ngaphambi kotyando kunye nokubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo emva kotyando.

Unyango olujoliswe kulo kunye ne-immunotherapy

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa unyango olujoliswe ngqo okanye unyango lwe-immunotherapy, olungasetyenziswa rhoqo kumhlaza womqala. Unyango olujoliswe ngqo lusebenza ngokuthintela iiproteni ezisetyenziswa ziiseli zomhlaza ukukhula. Unyango lwe-immunotherapy lusebenza ngokuvuselela inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokulwa nomhlaza.

Olu nyango ludla ngokucetyiswa kubantu abanomhlaza womqala ophucukileyo kunye nabantu abanomhlaza obuye wavela emva konyango.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba uneempawu zentloko okanye zentamo ezingachazekiyo ezingaphucukiyo emva kweeveki ezimbalwa, lungiselela idinga lokubonana nogqirha. Musa ukoyika, ucinga ukuba ngumhlaza. Kodwa musa ukuthatha mathuba. Xelela ugqirha wakho ngento ojongene nayo.

Ndingalindela ntoni ukuba ndinomhlaza womqala?

Iziphumo zakho, okanye i-prognosis, zixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi ezikungqongileyo. Oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha banokunyanga umhlaza womqala ongazange usasazeke kwizicubu ezikufutshane okanye kwii-lymph nodes. Nangona kunjalo, umhlaza osasazeke kunzima ukuwunyanga. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuba ubuye emva konyango.

Impilo yakho ngokubanzi, indawo ekuyo iqhuma elinomhlaza, kunye nokuba ukhe wosulelwa yi-HPV nazo zibalulekile. Umhlaza womqala onxulumene ne-HPV ubonakala usabela ngcono kunyango kunezinye iintlobo.

Ingakanani izinga lokusinda kumhlaza womqala?

Amanani okusinda komhlaza abonisa ukuba bangaphi abantu abaphilayo emva kweminyaka emihlanu bexilongiwe. Kwimeko yomhlaza womqala, amazinga okusinda ayahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo, indawo, kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza.

Umzekelo, malunga nabantu abasi-7 kwabali-10 abanomhlaza womlomo okanye womqala baya kuphila iminyaka emihlanu emva kokuba bexilongiwe. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umhlaza awusasazekanga, elo nani liyehla liye kutsho malunga nesi-8 okanye isi-9 kwabali-10. Kakade ke, ezi zibalo zezoluntu ngokubanzi. Azibonisi izinto ezithile ezinxulumene nokuxilongwa kwakho.

Ugqirha wakho uyazi ngcono kunaye nabani na indlela ezi zibalo eziza kukuchaphazela ngayo. Mbuze ukuba ukuxilongwa kwakho kuza kuyichaphazela njani iminyaka yakho yobomi.

Ngaba kukho into endinokuyenza ukuze ndizive bhetele?

Ukuba unyangwa umhlaza womqala, unokufuna uncedo lokulawula iziphumo zexesha elide. Unyango lwemitha kunye notyando zinokuchaphazela amandla akho okuginya, ukuthetha, nokuva. Ukuvuselelwa ngugqirha wezifo zolwimi lokuthetha kunokuba yimfuneko ekuchacheni kwakho. Ukuba ukhathazekile ngenkangeleko yakho emva kotyando, unokufuna utyando lokwakha ngokutsha.

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa nonyango lokudambisa iintlungu ukuze akuncede ulawule iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango. Ngokungafaniyo nonyango lwe-hospice, unyango lokudambisa iintlungu yinkonzo onokuyifumana nokuba umhlaza wakho ungakanani na okanye ukuba unesifo esingakanani na.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Iimpawu zomhlaza womphimbo zinokubonakala nakwezinye iimeko, ezinje ngomkhuhlane, usulelo, kunye nee-allergies. Ngoko ke, ukuba ngequbuliso uqalisa ukuba nelizwi elirhabaxa kwaye awukwazi ukuqonda isizathu, ungoyiki. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba imeko ayiphucuki kwiveki okanye ezimbini, lixesha lokubona ugqirha. Okwangoku, ungawunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wakho womhlaza womphimbo ngokuphepha ukusebenzisa icuba nokuthatha amanyathelo okuthintela usulelo lwe-HPV. Ukuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko ngoku kunokukukhusela ekubeni nomhlaza womphimbo kamva.

Umhlaza womqala , iimpawu zomhlaza, i-HPV, ukutshaya, umhlaza we-laryngeal, unyango lomhlaza, iingcebiso zonyango