Ungathanda ukwazi nge-biopsy ye-thyroid?

"I-Biopsy"! Usenokuziva usoyika kancinci xa usiva eli gama, akunjalo? Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo. Kodwa, ngokunyanisekileyo, olu lolunye uvavanyo olubalulekileyo olusetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukuxilonga izifo. Njengokuba senza uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nee-X-ray. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngokuba yintoni i-thyroid biopsy, yenziwa njani, kwaye ingaba kukho into omele uyoyike.

Yintoni i-thyroid biopsy? Ngamafutshane...

Cinga ngolu hlobo: I-thyroid yakho yi-gland encinci, efana nebhabhathane engaphambili entanyeni yakho. Yenza umsebenzi omninzi obalulekileyo emzimbeni wakho, ingakumbi ukuveliswa kweehomoni ezilawula imetabolism yakho. I-thyroid biopsy yinkqubo ebandakanya ukuthatha isampuli encinci kakhulu yeeseli okanye ulwelo oluvela kwi-thyroid gland yakho kwaye uyivavanye. Oku kunokunceda oogqirha ukuba bafumanise ezinye zeengxaki ze-thyroid.

I-biopsy ye-thyroid yenziwa nini?

Ayizizo zonke iingxaki ze-thyroid ezifuna i-biopsy. Uninzi lwexesha, imeko inokufunyanwa ngovavanyo lwegazi kunye neziphumo zomfanekiso. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ugqirha wakho ufumene amaqhuqhuva e-thyroid, unokucebisa ukuba kwenziwe i-biopsy.

Makhe sithethe kancinci ngamaqhuqhuva e-thyroid.

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba zeziphi ii-nodules ze-thyroid. Ezi zii-nodules ezincinci, eziqinileyo okanye ezizaliswe lulwelo ezithi zibe ngaphakathi kwi-thyroid gland. Zibukeka njengeziqwenga ezincinci emzimbeni, akunjalo? Kunjalo. Uninzi lwale miqwenga alunabungozi, oko kuthetha ukuba ayingomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ipesenti encinci kakhulu, ephakathi kwe-5% kunye ne-15%, inokuba ngumhlaza.

Ngoko ke, i-thyroid biopsy inokunceda ugqirha wakho afumanise ukuba yintoni kanye ebangele iqhuma kwaye ingaba alinabungozi okanye kukho into exhalabisayo. Ngokukodwa, oogqirha banamathuba amaninzi okwenza i-biopsy ukuba iqhuma likhulu kune-1 centimeter (malunga ne-0.39 intshi) .

Yenziwa njani i-thyroid biopsy? Ziziphi iindlela?

Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zokwenza olu vavanyo lwe-biopsy. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi.

1. Indlela yokufutha inaliti encinci (i-FNA)

Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-biopsy kwii-nodules ze-thyroid. Oku kubandakanya ukusebenzisa inaliti ende encinci kakhulu (engama-22 gauge okanye encinci) ukususa inani elincinci leeseli kunye nolwelo kwi-nodule ye-thyroid okanye kwii-nodules ezininzi. Xa esenza oku, ugqirha usebenzisa i-ultrasound scan ukukhokela inaliti ngqo kwi-nodule. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-scan ikhokela inaliti kwindawo echanekileyo. Le yinkqubo elula engadingi kusikwa okukhulu.

2. Indlela yeCore-Needle Biopsy (CNB)

Oku kufana nenkqubo ye-FNA, kodwa inaliti esetyenzisiweyo inkulu kancinci (ububanzi obuyi-14 ukuya kwi-20-gauge). Le ndlela ingasetyenziswa ukuba ugqirha ufuna ukuthatha isampuli enkulu yethishu ngaphandle kokuyonakalisa . Le ndlela ingasetyenziswa ukuba isampuli efunyenwe kwi-FNA ayanelanga okanye ukuba kufuneka ulwazi oluthe kratya.

3. Utyando lwe-Thyroid Biopsy

Le yinkqubo engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Ukuba iisampulu ezithathwe nge-FNA okanye i-CNB azinaso isiqinisekiso, okanye ukuba kufuneka ulwazi oluthe kratya, ugqirha unokugqiba ekubeni enze i-biopsy, inkqubo yotyando equka ukwenza utyando oluncinci entanyeni, ukufikelela kwi-thyroid gland, kunye nokuthatha isampuli.

Uzilungiselela njani ngaphambi kokuba wenze i-biopsy?

Inkqubo yokulungiselela ingahluka kancinci ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-biopsy oyenzayo.

Kwi-biopsy yenaliti (i-FNA okanye i-CNB)

• Kwiimeko ezininzi, ngaphandle kokuba ugqirha wakho ekuxelela ngenye indlela, ungatya usele ngendlela eqhelekileyo.
• Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unamayeza owasela yonke imihla (ingakumbi amayeza okunciphisa igazi ), kubaluleke kakhulu ukubuza ugqirha wakho ukuba kufuneka uyeke na ukuwasebenzisa kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe i-biopsy.

Kwi-biopsy yotyando

Ukuba wenza i-biopsy efana nale, ugqirha wakho uza kukunika imiyalelo ecacileyo yendlela yokuyilungiselela. Kubalulekile ukulandela loo miyalelo ngokuchanekileyo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ugqirha wakho ngumntu ofanelekileyo ukukunika ingcebiso. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo, qiniseka ukuba ubuza ugqirha wakho.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha le-biopsy? Yintoni onokuyilindela.

Ixesha elininzi, i-biopsy yenziwa kusetyenziswa i-FNA okanye i-CNB. Sitshilo ngaphambili ukuba kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, utyando lunokwenziwa. Makhe sijonge ukuba kwenzeka ntoni na kwezi ndlela.

I-biopsy yenaliti encinci (i-FNA okanye i-CNB)

Ezi zihlala ziyindlela yokunyanga ngaphandle kwesibhedlele. Oku kuthetha ukuba ungagoduka ngaloo mini inye. Nazi ezinye iindlela:

1. Okokuqala, uza kunikwa inaliti encinci (i-local anesthesia) ukuze uvale indawo yentamo yakho. Ukuze ungabi nantlungu ingako.

2. Emva koko, ugqirha uza kubeka isixhobo esincinci esiphathwa ngesandla esibizwa ngokuba yi-ultrasound transducer entanyeni yakho. Oku kuya kukunceda ubone kakuhle apho i-thyroid gland kunye neqhubu zikhoyo.

3. Okulandelayo, loo naliti inde, incinci esikhankanyileyo ngaphambili idlula kancinci eluswini lwakho ize ingene kwi-thyroid gland.

4. Emva koko, isampuli yolwelo kunye nethishu ikhutshwa ngononophelo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ungashukumi konke konke ngeli xesha.

5. Emva kokuba isampuli ithathiwe, inaliti iyasuswa kwaye ibhandeji elincinci elifana neplasta lifakwe kwindawo apho inaliti ifakwe khona.

6. Ekugqibeleni, isampuli ithunyelwa kwingcali ye-cytologist ukuze ihlolwe.

Ukuba uneentongomane ezingaphezu kwesinye, ungayiphinda le nkqubo izihlandlo ezininzi. Yonke le nkqubo kufuneka ithathe malunga nemizuzu eli-10 ukuya kwengama-20.

I-Biopsy yotyando lwe-Thyroid

Sithi le yinto engenziwa rhoqo. Le ndlela isetyenziswa xa iziphumo ze-FNA okanye ze-CNB zingacacanga, okanye ukuba kufuneka ulwazi oluthe kratya. Oku kuquka ukwenza utyando kunye nokuthatha isampuli yethumba kunye/okanye izicubu ngqo kwi-thyroid gland kwaye uyithumele kwilebhu.

Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga emva kwe-biopsy?

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezincinci emva kovavanyo lwe-biopsy ziquka ukuqaqamba kunye nokukrweleka apho inaliti ifakwe khona. Ungathatha amayeza okunciphisa iintlungu athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha, njenge -acetaminophen (Tylenol®) okanye i-ibuprofen (Motrin®), ukunceda kule ntlungu.

Iingxaki ezinzima azixhaphakanga, kodwa kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, oku kulandelayo kunokwenzeka:

• Ukopha
• Usulelo
• Ukwakheka kwento efana ne-cyst.

Ukuba kwenzeka into efana nale, kufuneka wazise ugqirha ngoko nangoko.

Zithetha ukuthini iziphumo zengxelo ye-biopsy?

Ngokutsho kwe-American Thyroid Association, iziphumo ze-biopsy zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintandathu eziphambili. Makhe sijonge ukuba uhlobo ngalunye luthetha ukuthini:

| Udidi lweziphumo | Intsingiselo | Inyathelo elilandelayo ngokubanzi |

| :- ...

| I-Benign (ayingomhlaza) | Iqhuma alinawo umhlaza. Esi sisiphumo esiqhelekileyo (60%-70% yamatyala). | Ngokwesiqhelo "ukulinda ngononophelo" kunye nokuphinda kuhlolwe nge-ultrasound kwiinyanga ezili-12. |

| Inobungozi (umhlaza) | Ithumba linomhlaza. (5%-15% yamatyala). |Kusenokwenzeka ukuba, ukususwa ngotyando kuyafuneka.

| Kuyakrokreleka ukuba kukho isifo esibangela umhlaza | Kukho amathuba aphezulu okuba nomhlaza. (Ihlala isuswa ngotyando). | Ihlala isuswa ngotyando. Ngamanye amaxesha iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo (umz. i-molecular profiles ) zinokwenziwa. |

| Ukungabi nazimpawu zokubaluleka okungakaqinisekiswa (AUS) okanye i-Follicular Lesion of Undetermined Significance (FLUS) | Iiseli aziqhelekanga kancinci, kodwa akuqinisekwanga ukuba zinomhlaza okanye azinazo. (Zinokuba nomhlaza kwi-5%-15% yamatyala). | I-biopsy ephindaphindwayo, uvavanyo lwe-molecular, okanye mhlawumbi utyando. |

| I-Follicular Neoplasm okanye Erhanelekayo kwi-Follicular Neoplasm | Oku kusenokuba ngumhlaza okanye kungabi ngumhlaza (15%-30% yamatyala anomhlaza). | Rhoqo, inxalenye okanye yonke i-thyroid gland isuswa ngotyando ukuze ihlolwe. |

| Ayixilongwa okanye Ayanelisi | Akukho ziseli zaneleyo kwisampuli, okanye ngesizathu esithile, akunakwenzeka ukufikelela kwisigqibo esicacileyo. (2%-10% yamatyala). | Ngokwesiqhelo i-biopsy ephindaphindwayo , edla ngokwenziwa phantsi kwesikhokelo se-ultrasound. |

Nangona le theyibhile ingakunika umbono ocacileyo, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo malunga neziphumo zakho.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukwazi iziphumo?

Uninzi lwabantu lufumana iziphumo zabo ze-biopsy kwisithuba seveki, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha eli xesha linokwahluka kancinci ngokuxhomekeke kumthwalo womsebenzi welebhu okanye ukuba kufuneka iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo.

Ukuba iziphumo aziqhelekanga, yintoni oyenzayo emva koko?

Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela iziphumo aze akuxelele ukuba uyalufuna na unyango, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, into omawuyenze. Imeko yomntu wonke yahlukile, ngoko ke unyango luya kwahluka. Kodwa ngokubanzi, nantsi into onokuyilindela:

• Amaqhuqhuva angengobungozi:Oku kudla ngokwenziwa "ngokulinda ngononophelo." Oko kukuthi, i-ultrasound scan yenziwa kwakhona kwiinyanga ezili-12 ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho utshintsho na kwithumba.
• Amaqhuqhuva anobungozi: La maqhuqhuva phantse asoloko esuswa ngotyando.
• Amaqhuqhuva arhanelekayo: La maqhuqhuva amiselwa ukuba asuswe ngotyando na okanye hayi ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo olongezelelweyo olufana nokuhlolwa kweemolekyuli .

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?

Emva kokuhlolwa kwe-thyroid biopsy, ukuba ufumanisa naziphi na ezi mpawu zosulelo, xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko:

• Ukuba unesifo somkhuhlane .
• Ukuba uziva ubanda kwaye uqhaqhazela (Ukugodola).
• Ukuba indawo apho inaliti ifakwe khona okanye apho kwenziwe khona inxeba ibomvu, idumbile, kwaye kuvela ukungcola okufana nobovu .

Ukuba uneempawu ezinje, isenokuba yintsholongwane, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukufuna unyango ngokukhawuleza.

Okokugqibela, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule!

Kuqhelekile ukuba noloyiko xa usiva igama elithi "biopsy." Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ne-thyroid biopsy akuthethi ukuba unento enzulu. Njenge-X-ray kunye novavanyo lwegazi, i-biopsy sisixhobo nje esisetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukufumanisa isifo. Iziphumo zisinika ulwazi olubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukuba unengxaki ye-thyroid, ukuyifumana ngaphambi kokuba ibe mandundu yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuphila ixesha elide. Ngoko ke, ukuba ugqirha wakho ucebisa ukuba kwenziwe i-biopsy, ungoyiki ukuyicela, fumana ulwazi olufunayo, kwaye ujongane nayo ngqo. Awuwedwa, kwaye kukho oogqirha abanokukunceda.

Ngoko ke, ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luza kukunceda. Ukuba unemibuzo, ungabi nazintloni kwaye uthethe nogqirha wakho!

I- Thyroid, i-Thyroid Biopsy, ii-Thyroid Nodules, i-FNA, i-CNB, umhlaza, impilo