Ngaba nawe uphelelwa ngumoya? Ngaba ukhohlela rhoqo? Oku kusenokuba yiTracheobronchomalacia (TBM)

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ukufumanisa kunzima ukuphefumla xa unyuka izinyuko okanye uhamba ngokukhawuleza? Okanye ngaba uziva ngathi umntwana wakho omncinci unengxaki yokuphefumla xa uncancisa? Ngaba ukhathazekile ngezinto ezifana nokukhwehlela okungapheliyo okanye isandi esingaqhelekanga esiphuma esifubeni sakho? Nangona zininzi izizathu zezi zinto, ezifana ne-asthma, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko ekungekho namnye kuthi oye weva ngayo kakhulu, kodwa enokuba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Leyo yiTracheobronchomalacia, okanye iTBM ngamafutshane.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni iTracheobronchomalacia (TBM)?

Nangona oku kungabonakala ngathi ligama elide nelingaqhelekanga, intsingiselo yalo ilula kakhulu. I-Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) yimeko apho iindonga ze -trachea kunye ne-bronchi, iindawo ezimbini eziphambili zenkqubo yethu yokuphefumla, ziba buthathaka, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ezi tyhubhu zinciphe kwaye zivaleke xa siphefumla, ingakumbi xa sikhupha umoya okanye sikhwehlela.

Khawucinge ukuba umbhobho wethu womoya ufana nombhobho weplastiki othwala amanzi. Ukuba iindonga zalo mbhobho ziqinile, akukho ngxaki xa amanzi edlula. Kodwa ukuba iindonga zombhobho zincinci kakhulu kwaye zibuthathaka, amanzi anokunamathela kumbhobho xa edlula ngokukhawuleza, akunjalo? Yiloo nto eyenzekayo kwi-TBM. Xa iindawo ezinamandla ezibizwa ngokuba yi-cartilage ezindongeni zombhobho womoya kunye ne-trachea zibuthathaka, ezi tyhubhu ziyanamathela kwaye zivaleke xa umoya usiya phambili nangasemva ngokukhawuleza. Kulapho kuba nzima ukuphefumla, kukho ukukhohlela, kwaye kuphuma isandi esifubeni.

Le meko inokuba yi -congenital (i-Congenital TBM) , oko kuthetha ukuba umntwana uzalwa enobu buthathaka. Kwabanye, inokufunyanwa (i-Acquired TBM), oko kuthetha ukuba inokukhula ngexesha lobomi ngenxa yezinye izifo, unyango, okanye ezinye izizathu zangaphandle.

Zithini iimpawu zeTBM?

Ezi mpawu zinokwahluka kancinci ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni imeko ikhona na ekuzalweni okanye ikhula kamva. Makhe sijonge iimpawu zazo zombini ngokwahlukeneyo.

Kutheni le meko yeTBM isenzeka?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, izizathu zoku zingahlulwahlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amabini.

1. I-TBM yokuqala/yokuzalwa

Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokuba umntwana azalwe enale meko:

• I-Idiopathic TBM: Ezinye iintsana zinokuzalwa zine-cartilage ebuthathaka kwi-trachea ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo.
• Iiringi zemithambo yegazi: Oku kwenzeka xa umthambo wegazi oyintloko wosana (i-aorta) ovela entliziyweni usenziwa ngendlela engafanelekanga kwaye ujikeleza i-trachea njengoko ikhula esibelekweni. Lo mthambo wegazi ucinezela i-trachea, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ibe buthathaka.
• Ezinye izifo zemfuza: Iimeko ezingaqhelekanga, ezizuzwe njengelifa ezifana neHunter syndrome, iHurler syndrome, kunye ne-Ehlers-Danlos syndrome zinokwenza buthathaka i-cartilage yomzimba. Oku kunokuchaphazela neendlela zomoya.
• Ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kwexesha: Iintsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kweeveki ezingama-37 zinokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu we-TBM kuba iindlela zazo zomoya azikakhuli ngokupheleleyo.

2. I-TBM eyenzeka ngexesha lobomi (i-TBM yesibini/efunyenweyo)

Zininzi izizathu zokuba le meko inokwenzeka kumntu omdala.

Ugqirha ufumanisa njani esi sifo kanye kanye?

Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unezi mpawu, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha. Ugqirha uza kukuxilonga kakuhle aze akubuze wena nomntwana wakho ngeempawu zakho. Baza kukubuza imibuzo emininzi, efana nokuba udla ngokuba nomkhuhlane okanye unezinye izifo zokuphefumla.

Emva koko, kunokwenziwa iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa esi sifo.

• Uvavanyo Lokusebenza Kwemiphunga: Olu vavanyo luvavanya ukuba imiphunga yakho iyakwazi na ukungena nokuphuma komoya.
• I-Bronchoscopy: Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo noluchanekileyo lokuqinisekisa i-TBM. Kule nto, kufakwa ityhubhu encinci, enekhamera ngomlomo okanye empumlweni ukuze kuhlolwe ingaphakathi lombhobho womoya kunye ne-bronchi. Ugqirha angabona ukuba umbhobho womoya uvalekile kangakanani ngokukucela ukuba uphefumle kwaye ukhohlele.
• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography Scan): Oku kungathatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zesifuba. Oku kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba i-TBM ibangelwa yinto ethile okanye kukho utshintsho kwimo yendlela yomoya.

Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?

Iindlela zonyango ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni i-TBM ikuchaphazele kangakanani wena okanye umntwana wakho. Asinguye wonke umntu oya kufuna utyando.

1. Amayeza kunye nezixhobo zokuxhasa

• Unyango lwezifo: Ukuba umntwana wakho unezifo zokuphefumla ezixhaphakileyo, unganikwa amayeza anjengee -antibiotics .
• Iindlela zokuncancisa: Ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokuphefumla ngelixa encancisa, ugqirha wakho okanye umongikazi uza kukufundisa indlela yokutshintsha izikhundla ukuze kube lula ukuphefumla.
• Ukuvuselelwa Kwemiphunga: Oku kuquka ukufundisa umthambo wokuphefumla ukulawula iimpawu.
• Oomatshini beCPAP okanye beBiPAP®: Aba basetyenziswa nakubantu abane-sleep apnea. Bakhupha umoya ngoxinzelelo oluthile ngemaski efikelela ebusweni, nto leyo enceda ukugcina indlela yomoya ivulekile kwaye ingavalwa.
• IiVesti Zeengoma Zangaphandle: Kunokuba nzima ukukhohlela i-mucus xa une-TBM. Esi sisixhobo osinxiba njengengubo. Xa siqhagamshelwe kumatshini, siyangcangcazela ngokukhawuleza, sikhulule i-mucus esifubeni sakho, okwenza kube lula ukukhohlela.
• I-Nebulizer: Isixhobo esiguqula amayeza angamanzi abe yinkungu encinci enokuphefumlwa ngemaski. Oku kunokuhambisa amayeza ngqo emiphungeni.

2. Utyando

Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, utyando lunokufuneka.

• I-Bronchoscopy kunye nokubekwa kwe-stent: I-bronchoscopy yokuxilonga ingasetyenziswa njengonyango. Kule nkqubo, kufakwa ityhubhu encinci yeplastiki okanye yesinyithi (i-stent) kwindlela yomoya ukuze kugcinwe ukuvaleka kuvulekile. Oku kudla ngokuba kokwexeshana.
• I-Tracheobronchoplasty:Kule nkqubo, isakhiwo esifana ne-mesh sifakwa ngotyando ngaphandle kwe-trachea size sithungwe endaweni yaso. Le mesh inika amandla angakumbi kwi-trachea, inciphisa umngcipheko wokuwa kwayo.
• I-Tracheopexy: Olu tyando lubandakanya ukuthunga udonga olubuthathaka lomqolo wombhobho womoya ukuya kwimisipha eqinileyo yomqolo. Oku kuthintela indawo ukuba ingawi ngaphakathi xa uphefumla.

Ngenxa yokuba olu lutyando olukhulu, kukho iingozi ezifana nokopha kakhulu, amahlwili egazi, kunye nosulelo lwamanxeba . Ukuba utyando luyacetyiswa, ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela konke oku ngokupheleleyo.

Ungaphila njani nesifo seTBM?

Ukuba umntwana uneTBM:

Njengoko umntwana ekhula, i-cartilage kwimigudu yomoya iba namandla. Ngenxa yoko, iimpawu zinokuncipha kancinci kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi, kufuneka ulwalathiso lwezonyango kunye nonyango oluthile ebuntwaneni. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhusela umntwana kwiintsholongwane zokuphefumla rhoqo.

Ukuba umntu omdala uneTBM:

I-TBM kubantu abadala idla ngokuba yimeko engapheliyo enokuba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha . Iimpawu zinokulawulwa ngokunciphisa umzimba kunye nezinye iimeko zonyango. Utyando lunokusebenza. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi abane-TBM banezinye iimeko, ezifana ne-asthma kunye ne-COPD, ngoko ke kufuneka bajongwe yingcali yokuphefumla ubomi babo bonke.

Ngaba le meko ingathintelwa?

Akukho ndlela yokuthintela i-TBM yokuzalwa. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-TBM kubantu abadala.

• Kuphephe ukutshaya nokuba phakathi kwabantu abatshayayo.
• Ukuba uneemeko ezifana ne-asthma, i-COPD, okanye i-GERD, thatha unyango olufanelekileyo kubo kwaye ulawule isifo kakuhle.
• Gcina ubunzima bakho busempilweni.
• Ukuba umsebenzi wakho ubandakanya ukuchanabeka kwiigesi ezinobuthi, landela iinkqubo zokhuseleko ezifanelekileyo.

Ukuba ukhohlela rhoqo okanye uphefumla nzima, musa ukucinga nje ukuba ngumkhuhlane, kodwa qiniseka ukuba ubonana nogqirha uze uhlolwe. Okukhona isifo sifunyanwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona amathuba okufumana iziphumo ezilungileyo kunyango ayanda.