Ingaba umntwana wakho wenza ingxolo engaqhelekanga xa ephefumla? Ngaba yiTracheomalacia?

Ngaba umntwana wakho omncinci wenza isandi esingaqhelekanga xa ephefumla? Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva ephelelwa ngumoya xa esela ubisi okanye ekhala? Okanye usoloko ekhwehlela okanye efutha? Kuqhelekile ukuba umama okanye utata azive esoyika kakhulu kwaye ekhathazekile xa ebona izinto ezinje. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko enokubangela iimpawu ezinje, kodwa abantu abaninzi abakhe beva ngayo, kodwa ukuba iqatshelwe kwaye inyangwe ngokufanelekileyo, inokuphiliswa. Yiyo loo nto i-tracheomalacia .

Yintoni iTracheomalacia? Masiyiqonde ngokulula!

Ngamafutshane, i-tracheomalacia yimeko eyenzeka xa i-cartilage ekwi -windpipe yethu ibuthathaka okanye ingaphuhli kakuhle. Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba yintoni le trachea, i-cartilage.

Cinga nge-trachea njengetyhubhu ethwala umoya ukuya emiphungeni xa siphefumla. Iindonga zale tyhubhu zenziwe ngeziqwenga ze-cartilage ezimile okwe-C, zerabha, neziguquguqukayo. Le cartilage igcina i-trachea ivulekile, njengombhobho wamanzi, ngaphandle kokuwa.

Nangona kunjalo, kumntu one-tracheomalacia, ingakumbi usana oluncinci, ezi cartilages azinamandla kakhulu. "Ziyatyibilika kakhulu". Emva koko, xa uphefumla, ingakumbi xa uphefumla nzima, xa ukhala, xa ukhohlela, iindonga zale trachea zigoba ngaphakathi, zivale indlela yomoya. Ifana nebhaluni engavutheliyo, kwaye xa ukhupha umoya omncinci, iyafinyela. Yingakho usiva eso sandi singaqhelekanga kwaye kunzima ukuphefumla. Ngamanye amaxesha i-mucus inamathela emiphungeni, kwaye kunzima ukuyikhupha.

Le meko idla ngokubonakala kakhulu kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa . Nangona kunjalo, inokwenzeka nakubani na wanoma yimuphi ubudala. Iintsana zihlala ziqala ukuba neempawu xa zinenyanga enye ukuya kwezimbini ubudala. Ngethamsanqa, njengoko uninzi lweentsana lukhula, malunga neminyaka emithathu ubudala, le cartilage iba namandla kwaye iimpawu ziyaphela. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, utyando lunokufuneka.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iintlobo zale meko?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-tracheomalacia:

1. I-Congenital Tracheomalacia

"Ukuzalwa" kuthetha ukuba ikhona ukususela ekuzalweni. Oku kwenzeka xa i-tracheal cartilage yomntwana ingakhuli kakuhle ngelixa isesesibelekweni sikanina. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana uzalwa enale ngxaki.

2. I-Tracheomalacia efunyenweyo

"Ukufunyanwa" kuthetha ukuba le meko yenzeka emva kokuzalwa, ngesizathu esithile kamva ebomini. Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba indlela yomoya yonakele, yenzakele, yenziwe utyando oluthile, okanye iqhagamshelwe kumatshini wokuphefumla (umoya woomatshini) ixesha elide. Oku kunokwenzeka nangaliphi na ixesha, kodwa akuqhelekanga kangako.

Abanye abantu banokuba nobuthathaka kwiityhubhu ezincinci (ibronchi) ezisuka kumbhobho womoya ziye emiphungeni, kunye ne-tracheomalacia. Oogqirha babiza le meko ngokuthi yi-tracheobronchomalacia .

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-tracheomalacia?

I-Congenital tracheomalacia yimeko engaqhelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo kwi-trachea. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ichaphazela malunga nomntwana omnye kwabayi-2,100 .

I-tracheomalacia efunyenweyo inqabile nangakumbi.

Zithini iimpawu zoku? Ngaba nawe ukhathazekile ngezi zinto?

Uphawu oluphambili lwe-tracheomalacia sisandi esiphantsi nesiphezulu (stridor) xa uphefumla. Khawuthelekelele, xa umntwana wakho egqiba ukusela ubisi, okanye xa ekhala kakhulu, wenza isandi esiphantsi, "esinomdla...esinomdla..." xa ephefumla. Kunjalo kanye.

Kukho nezinye iimpawu ezininzi:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla obandayo xa uncancisa, ukhala, okanye ukhohlela.
• Ngamanye amaxesha kuvakala ngathi kukukrwitshwa .
• Ukukhohlela okungapheliyo .
• I-Cyanosis yimeko apho ulusu, imilebe, kunye neenzipho zijika zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yokunqongophala kweoksijini. Olu luphawu olunobungozi.
• Ubunzima bokuginya .
• Ukurhawuzela .
• Izifo zokuphefumla ezixhaphakileyo ezifana ne -pneumonia kunye ne -bronchitis .
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo .
• Isandi "sokurhawuzela" okanye sokuphefumla esiphuma esifubeni xa uphefumla.

Ukuba umntwana wakho unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kungcono ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.

Zithini izizathu ze-tracheomalacia?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, kukho iintlobo ezimbini zezizathu:

Izizathu zeCongenital Tracheomalacia:

Oku kwenzeka xa i-cartilage kwindlela yomoya yomntwana ingakheki kakuhle njengoko umntwana ekhula esibelekweni. Oko kukuthi, endaweni yokuba abe namandla, akhula ngendlela ebuthathaka nekhululekileyo.

Izizathu zeTracheomalacia efunyenweyo:

Kunokubakho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zoku:

• I-Chronic acid reflux (GERD) kukubuyela kwe-acid esiswini kwi-esophagus.
• Ukonakala kwendlela yomoya. Oku kungenzeka ngenxa yotyando okanye olunye unyango.
• Izifo zemiphunga ezifana ne -emphysema .
• I-Polychondritis, imeko yokuvuvukala kwe-cartilage ye-trachea.
• Emva kotyando lokulungisa unxibelelwano olungaqhelekanga phakathi kwe-esophagus (umbhobho wokutya) kunye nombhobho womoya (i-tracheoesophageal fistula).
• Ukuba ne -tracheostomy (ityhubhu efakwe kumbhobho womoya ngomngxuma entanyeni) okanye ukuba nombhobho wokuphefumla ixesha elide.
• Izifo zomchamo ophezulu ezifana ne -bronchitis .

Ngamanye amaxesha, i-tracheomalacia inokunxulunyaniswa nezinye iimeko zonyango. Umzekelo:

• Ukulibaziseka kophuhliso .
• Isifo sika-Ehlers-Danlos (esi sisifo semfuza esichaphazela izicwili ezidityanisiweyo).
• Iziphene zentliziyo .

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubangela oku?

Ukuba i-tracheomalacia ayinyangwanga kakuhle, ezinye iingxaki zinokubakho. Ezi ziquka:

• Ukuvaleka komoya . Oku kunokuba yingozi.
• I-Aspiration pneumonia : Olu luhlobo lwe-pneumonia oluvela xa into ethile, njengokutya okanye isiselo, iphefumlelwa emiphungeni ngeendlela zomoya.
• Ukukhula okudodobalayo kwiintsana.
• Usulelo oluqhelekileyo lwendlela yokuphefumla engentla oluthatha ixesha elide ukuphola.

Ngoko ke, ukuba uneempawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha ngaphandle kokuzityeshela.

Uyixilonga njani le nto? (Uxilongo)

Ugqirha uza kuqala enze uvavanyo lomzimba kuwe okanye kumntwana wakho aze akubuze ngeempawu zakho. Emva koko, uvavanyo olukhethekileyo lunokwenziwa ukujonga ngaphakathi kombhobho wakho womoya. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-laryngoscopy okanye i-bronchoscopy . Oku kuquka ukudlulisa ityhubhu encinci, ekhanyisiweyo enekhamera enamathele emlonyeni wakho okanye empumlweni yakho ukuze ijonge ngaphakathi kombhobho wakho womoya. Oku kunokukunceda ubone ukuba iindonga zombhobho wakho womoya zibuthathaka okanye ukuba ziyagoba ngaphakathi xa uphefumla.

Ukongeza, ugqirha unokufuna ukwenza ezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa:

• I-Airway fluoroscopy : Oku kufana ne-X-ray ehambayo. Ingabona indlela esebenza ngayo imigudu yomoya xa uphefumla.
• I-Barium swallow / I-Esophagram : Uvavanyo lokujonga iingxaki zombhobho wokutya (umqala).
• I-X-ray yesifuba .
• I-CT scan .
• Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwemiphunga .
• Iskeni ye-MRI .

Olu vavanyo luvumela ugqirha ukuba aqinisekise ngokuchanekileyo ukuba i-tracheomalacia ikhona na kwaye inzima kangakanani.

Zithini iindlela zonyango? Ungakhathazeki, zikho izisombululo!

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwe-tracheomalacia. Ezinye azityandi, ezinye ngamayeza, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, utyando lunokufuneka. Unyango olungcono kuwe okanye kumntwana wakho luya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo kunye nobunzima bemeko.

Unyango olungelulo utyando

Olu nyango lunceda ukugcina iindlela zomoya zivulekile kwaye zicoce umhluzi ophuma emiphungeni.

• Ukuphefumla umoya ofumileyo : Ukusebenzisa isixhobo sokufumisa umoya ekhaya kunokongeza ukufuma emoyeni, kunciphise ulwelo kwaye kube lula ukuphefumla.
• Unyango lomzimba lwesifuba : Ingcali yonyango lomzimba ingakufundisa imithambo yokuphefumla ekhethekileyo kunye neendlela ezinokunceda ukususa i-mucus emiphungeni yakho.
• Umatshini womoya oqhubekayo okhuthaza uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo (CPAP) : Lo matshini unikwa abantu abanengxaki yokuphefumla xa belele. Unciphisa ukugoba kwangaphakathi kwendlela yomoya xa belele, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuphefumla.

Amayeza

Oogqirha basebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamayeza ukunyanga i-tracheomalacia:

• Ukuba kukho usulelo lweebhaktheriya, zinyangwa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane .
• Iibronchodilators (ezifana nee-inhaler ezisetyenziswa ngabantu abane-asthma) ukuze kuphumzwe izihlunu ezikunceda uphefumle.
• Ii-corticosteroids zinciphisa ukudumba.
• IiMucolytics zokunciphisa i-mucus.

Utyando

Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu ze-tracheomalacia, utyando lunokufuneka. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza oku:

• I-Aortopexy : Kule nkqubo, ugqirha ususa i-aorta, umthambo wegazi omkhulu, kude ne-trachea aze ayincamathisele kwithambo lesifuba. Oku kuthintela i-trachea ukuba ingagobi ngaphakathi.
• Ukukhupha i-stenting : Oku kuquka ukubeka ityhubhu encinci (i-stent) ngaphakathi kwi-trachea ukuze ihlale ivulekile.
• I-Tracheopexy : Olu tyando lubandakanya ukuncamathisela inxalenye ye-trachea kwisakhiwo esikufutshane (njengesifuba okanye i-ligament kumqolo). Oku kugcina i-trachea ivulekile kwaye kuyithintela ukuba ingawi ngaphakathi.

Ngaba iTracheomalacia ingathintelwa?

Akukho nto sinokuyenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba ne-tracheomalacia. Kuba iimeko zokuzalwa zingaphaya kwamandla ethu. Izizathu ezifunyenweyo ngamanye amaxesha azinakuqikelelwa. Nangona kunjalo, ngoncedo lukagqirha wakho, le meko inokulawulwa kakuhle.

Ngaba le meko iza kulungiswa? Injani imbono?

Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.Abantu abaninzi banokuphila ubomi obusempilweni ngaphandle kweengxaki emva kokufumana unyango lwe-tracheomalacia.

Unyango alusoloko luyimfuneko. Uninzi lweentsana ezine-tracheomalacia yokuzalwa ziyaphola zodwa xa zineminyaka emi-3 ubudala. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-cartilage kwi-trachea yomntwana iyaqina njengoko umntwana ekhula, kwaye iimpawu zihlala ziphucuka. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, umntwana unokufuna amayeza okanye utyando.

Abantu abane-tracheomalacia kufuneka bajongwe ngononophelo, ingakumbi ukuba banezifo zokuphefumla. Nokuba umkhuhlane omncinci ngamanye amaxesha unokubangela iingxaki. Ugqirha wakho uya kukunika unyango okanye amayeza okunceda ukulawula iimpawu zakho.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho uneempawu ze-tracheomalacia (ezifana nokukhwehlela rhoqo, ukuphefumla kancinci, okanye usulelo olungapheliyo lokuphefumla), bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko.

I-Tracheomalacia inokubangela ukunganyamezelani nomthambo kunye nosulelo oluqhelekileyo lokuphefumla kubantu abadala. Ukuba unale mpawu, xelela ugqirha wakho ukuze akwazi ukufumanisa imeko aze acebise unyango olufanelekileyo.

Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha?

Nje ukuba wazi ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho une-tracheomalacia, nantsi eminye imibuzo onokuyibuza ugqirha wakho:

• Imbi kangakanani le meko?
• Yintoni unobangela wale meko? (Ingaba yinto yokuzalwa okanye efunyenweyo?)
• Loluphi unyango olucebisayo?
• Ngaba utyando luza kufuneka?
• Ndingenza ntoni ekhaya ukunciphisa iimpawu?
• Unyango lufanele luqale nini?

Ukubuza le mibuzo kuya kukunceda ukuba uyiqonde ngcono imeko kwaye ucacelwe ngamanyathelo alandelayo.

Ezinye iimeko ezinokunxulunyaniswa ne-tracheomalacia

Ngamanye amaxesha inokudideka nezinye iimeko ezineempawu ezifana neze-tracheomalacia. Ezimbini zezi meko ziphambili zezi:

• I-Laryngomalacia : Oku kubuthathaka kwezicubu ezingaphezulu kwebhokisi yelizwi. Ibhokisi yelizwi ikwindawo engaphezulu kombhobho womoya.
• I-Tracheobronchomalacia : Le yimeko apho kukho ubuthathaka kwi-bronchi, iityhubhu ezikhokelela ukusuka kumbhobho womoya ukuya emiphungeni. Abanye abantu abane-tracheomalacia banokuba nale meko.

Ngugqirha onokuhlula ngokuchanekileyo phakathi kwezi meko aze anike uxilongo oluchanekileyo.

Okokugqibela, eyona nto ibalulekileyo (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika kakhulu xa ufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho une-tracheomalacia. Intliziyo yakho isenokubetha ngamandla ngalo lonke ixesha umntwana wakho ekhala okanye ekhohlela. Okanye kusenokwenzeka ukuba nawe ukhe waba nale meko emva kwengozi.

Kodwa khumbula, i-tracheomalacia ayisoloko iyinto embi kakhulu. Nokuba kwiimeko ezinzima, isabela kakuhle kunyango.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuhlala unxibelelana nogqirha wakho. Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha okanye ukuba iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mandundu, yazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Angakuxelela ukuba imeko injani kwaye loluphi unyango olunokunceda. Ungakhathazeki, ungayoyisa le meko ngeengcebiso zonyango ezifanelekileyo kunye nonyango!

I- Tracheomalacia, i-trachea, ubunzima bokuphefumla, izifo zeentsana, i-stridor, i-cyanosis, i-cartilage