Ukuphelelwa ngumphefumlo emva kokunikela ngegazi? Masithethe ngeTransfusion-Associated Circulatory Overload (TACO)!

Ngaba wakha wanikela ngegazi? Okanye mhlawumbi umntu omaziyo ukhe wanikela. Uninzi lwexesha, ukunikela ngegazi sisenzo sokusindisa ubomi. Kodwa kunqabile kakhulu, kukho iingxaki ezincinci ezinokubakho ngenxa yokunikela ngegazi. Enye yeengxaki ezinkulu, kodwa ezingaqhelekanga, esiza kuthetha ngazo namhlanje yiTransfusion-Associated Circulatory Overload, okanye iTACO ngamafutshane.

Yintoni iTACO?

Ngamafutshane, xa unikwa igazi, umzimba wakho ngequbuliso ufumana ulwelo oluninzi, oko kukuthi, ulwelo oluninzi oluza negazi. Ngamanye amaxesha imizimba yethu ayikwazi ukusingatha ulwelo olongezelelweyo oluza ngaxeshanye. Kulapho ke le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi -TACO isenzeka khona. Okwenzekayo kule meko kukuba ulwelo olongezelelweyo luqokelelana emiphungeni nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Ngokuchanekileyo, xa uxinzelelo kwimithambo yethu yegazi lukhulu kakhulu ukuba ingaluphatha, ulwelo oluthile luphuma kuloo mithambo luye emiphungeni. Oogqirha babiza oku ngokuthi "i-Pulmonary Edema" . Oku kwenza kube nzima ukuphefumla, umzimba uyadumba, kwaye uxinzelelo lwegazi lunokunyuka ngequbuliso. Khawucinge, bekuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba uthumele amanzi ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba angakwazi ukuphathwa ngumbhobho wamanzi? Kwenzeka into efanayo apha.

Zithini iimpawu ze-TACO?

Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ezinokubakho xa unesifo se-TACO . Ezi mpawu zinokubonakala ngexesha lokunikela ngegazi okanye kwiiyure ezili-12 emva kokunikela. Ukuba ufumana into efana nale , kufuneka uxelele ugqirha okanye abasebenzi babongikazi esibhedlele ngoko nangoko, kulungile?

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (i-Dyspnea): Olu luphawu oluphambili. Lungavakala ngathi kunzima ukuphefumla. Lungahlala luhleli, okanye lunokuba mandundu xa ulele. Lungavakala ngathi isifuba sakho siyacinezelwa.
• Ukukhwehlela: Ukukhwehlela okomileyo okungapheliyo kunokwenzeka.
• Intlungu yesifuba: Isifuba sinokuvakala ngathi siyancitshiswa okanye siyacinezelwa.
• Ulusu oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, imilebe, okanye iinzipho (`iCyanosis`): Oku kwenzeka xa umzimba ungafumani ioksijini eyaneleyo. Ulusu olujikeleze imilebe, ulwimi, kunye neenzipho lunokuguquka lube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• Ukudumba emilenzeni, emaqatheni, okanye entanyeni: Njengoko olo lwelo lungaphezulu luqokelelana kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, imilenze, emaqatheni, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nentamo inokudumba.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza (iTachycardia): Isantya sentliziyo sinokunyuka ngequbuliso. Kuvakala ngathi usandul' ukubaleka.
• Ukuba nesiyezi okanye ukuquleka: Usenokuziva unesiyezi okanye unesizungu.
• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu: Intloko ebuhlungu ngequbuliso.

Kutheni le nto le taco (TACO) yenziwe? Yintoni isizathu?

Kulungile, ngoku masibone ukuba kutheni le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi -TACO isenzeka. Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, isizathu esiphambili kukuba ulwelo oluninzi lungena ngequbuliso kwinkqubo yethu yokujikeleza kwegazi. Iintliziyo zethu kunye nemithambo yegazi azikwazi ukumelana nokunyuka okukhawulezileyo koxinzelelo.

Khawucinge nje, ukuba ugalela amanzi amaninzi kwibhakethi encinci ngaxeshanye, aya kuphuphuma. Ngokufanayo, xa uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwimithambo yethu yegazi lusanda, ulwelo luqala ukuvuza luphuma eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi. Olu lwelo ludla ngokuqokelelana emiphungeni. Silubiza ngokuba yi -`(Pulmonary Edema)` . Kufana nemiphunga ezele ngamanzi. Ngoko ke akuqhelekanga ukuba kube nzima ukuphefumla, akunjalo?

Ngoko ke, xa kunikelwa ngegazi, zininzi izinto ezinokuchaphazela oku, njengobungakanani begazi elinikiweyo, isantya sokunikezelwa, kunye nemeko yempilo yomntu ofumana igazi.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana i-TACO?

Asinguye wonke umntu oza kuba ne -TACO xa enikela ngegazi. Kodwa abanye abantu banamathuba amaninzi okuba nalo, okanye babe semngciphekweni omkhulu. Masibone ukuba ngubani.

• Abantu abangaphezu kwama-60: Njengoko sikhula, iinkqubo zethu zomzimba azisebenzi kakuhle, ngoko ke kunokuba nzima ukumelana notshintsho olukhawulezileyo olufana nolu.
• Abantu abanesifo sentliziyo esele sikhona: Umzekelo, abantu abanesifo sentliziyo okanye abakhe bahlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo ngaphambili basengozini enkulu kuba intliziyo yabo inobunzima bokusingatha umthwalo owongezelelweyo.
• Abantu abanesifo sezintso: Izintso zinoxanduva lokususa ulwelo olugqithisileyo emzimbeni. Ngoko ke ukuba izintso azisebenzi kakuhle, kukho ithuba elikhulu lokuba ulwelo luqokelele emzimbeni.
• Abantu abanezifo zemiphunga ezifana neCOPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease): Ekubeni aba bantu behlala beneengxaki zemiphunga, imeko inokuba mandundu ngokukhawuleza ukuba ulwelo olongezelelweyo luqokelelana emiphungeni.
• Abantu abasandula ukusebenzisa amayeza onyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi (`Vasopressors`) okanye amayeza asusa ulwelo emzimbeni (`Loop Diuretics` - umz., i-frusemide): Ukusetyenziswa kwala mayeza kunokuchaphazela nokulinganisela ulwelo lomzimba.
• Xa utofela iiseli ezibomvu zegazi: Nangona oku kunokwenzeka kuyo nayiphi na imveliso yegazi, kufunyenwe ukuba le ngozi iphezulu kancinci xa unikela ngeeseli ezibomvu zegazi.
• Abantu abafumene igazi elinikiweyo izihlandlo ezininzi ngaphambili: Le ngozi inokwanda xa kunikelwa igazi izihlandlo ezininzi.

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi zinto ziyingozi, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba unikele ngegazi ukuze akwazi ukuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko afunekayo.

Oogqirha bafumanisa njani ukuba kukho i-TACO?

Ukuba uneempawu ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, into yokuqala ugqirha aza kuyenza kukuxilonga ngononophelo. Baza kujonga uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi, indlela ophefumla ngayo, bamamele ukubetha kwentliziyo yakho, baze bajonge ukudumba. Emva koko baza kukubuza ngendlela oziva ngayo kunye nokuba unexesha elingakanani unezi ngxaki.

Ukongeza, ungenza novavanyo olufana nolu ukuqinisekisa ngakumbi:

• I-X-reyi yesifuba: Oku kungabonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba kukho ulwelo oluqokeleleneyo emiphungeni (i-pulmonary edema).
• Iskeni ye-CT:Ngamanye amaxesha oku kunceda ekufumaneni umfanekiso ocacileyo kune-X-ray.
• I-Echocardiogram: Oku kungajonga izinto ezifana nokusebenza kwentliziyo kunye nobukhulu beegumbi zentliziyo. Oku kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ulwelo luyaqokelelana ngenxa yengxaki yentliziyo.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Ezinye iimvavanyo zegazi zinokukunika umbono wokuba uxinezeleko olungakanani entliziyweni yakho kunye nendlela ezisebenza ngayo izintso zakho.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-TACO?

Kulungile, ngoku makhe sibone ukuba ngoogqirha abanikezela ngonyango olunjani kwi -TACO .

Unyango luqala ngokumisa utofelo-gazi ngoko nangoko ukuba le meko ifunyenwe ngexesha lotofelo-gazi. Emva koko wenziwa ukuba uhlale ebhedini, uthe nkqo kancinci. Oku kuya kwenza kube lula ukuphefumla.

Unyango oluphambili kukunika amayeza abizwa ngokuba yi-diuretics. La mayeza asebenza ngokukhupha ulwelo olugqithisileyo emzimbeni ngomchamo. Ngamafutshane, anciphisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi emzimbeni.

Ukuba ukuphefumla kuba nzima, unyango lweoksijini lunokufuneka. Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, ukuba isigulana asikwazi ukuphefumla ngokwaso, kunokufuneka umoya ophumayo ngomatshini .

Kunye nolu nyango, oogqirha baya kuqhubeka nokujonga izinto ezifana nesantya sentliziyo yakho, uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye namanqanaba eoksijini.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ufumana i-TACO? Ngaba kufuneka woyike?

I-TACO ngamanye amaxesha inokuba buthathaka kwaye iphele ngokukhawuleza. Oku kuthetha ukuba xa umnikelo wegazi uyekile kwaye amayeza afunekayo enikwe, imeko iya kubuyela esiqhelweni ngokukhawuleza. Ngamanye amaxesha, oku kwenzeka kwiiyure emva komnikelo wegazi.

Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, inokuba yingozi kakhulu kangangokuba ingasongela ubomi. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuxelela ugqirha kwangoko xa uneempawu. Ukuba imeko imbi kakhulu, kunokufuneka uhlale esibhedlele iintsuku ezimbalwa, okanye ungadluliselwa kwigumbi lokhathalelo oluphezulu (ICU).

Ngokwezibalo, izinga lokufa ngenxa ye -TACO linokuba phezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-21%. Oku kuthetha ukuba malunga nesigulane esinye kwisihlanu se-TACO siya kufa. Le meko yenzeka kwi-1% yeminikelo yegazi. Nangona kunjalo, i-TACO ichongiwe njengeyona nto iphambili yokufa okunxulumene nokunikelwa kwegazi.

Ngoko ke le ayiyonto ifanele ithathwe lula. Kodwa ungoyiki. Ukuba iqatshelwe kwaye inyangwe kwangethuba, inokuhlala inyangeka.

Kufuneka uye nini esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza?

Ukuba ufumanisa naziphi na iimpawu zeTACO ebesithethe ngazo ngaphambili emva kokunikela ngegazi, ungathandabuzi ukufowunela u-911 ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwicandelo likaxakeka lesibhedlele esikufutshane.

Ukuba sele usesibhedlele, xelela oogqirha kunye nabongikazi kwangoko xa uziva ungonwabanga okanye uneentlungu. Musa ukulibazisa, kuba okukhona uqala unyango ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona kungcono.

Ngaba i-TACO ingathintelwa?

Ewe, oogqirha banokuthatha amanyathelo okuthintela uphuhliso lwe-TACO ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile.

Ukuba unezi zinto zibalulekileyo ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili, ugqirha angalinciphisa izinga lokunikela ngegazi. Oko kukuthi, uza kuthumela igazi emzimbeni kancinci kancinci. Emva koko umzimba awuyi kubekwa phantsi komthwalo omkhulu ngaxeshanye.

Ngamanye amaxesha, njengendlela yokuthintela, amayeza okukhupha igazi anokunikwa ngaphambi kokuba kunikelwe ngegazi. Oku kuya kunciphisa ukuqokelelwa kolwelo olugqithisileyo emzimbeni.

Ukuba ukhe waba nemeko efana nale (Circulatory Overload) ngenxa yokunikela ngegazi ngaphambili, qiniseka ukuba uxelele ugqirha wakho ukuze abone amanyathelo onokuwathatha ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho.

Khumbula, ukunikela ngegazi ngumsebenzi okhuselekileyo nosindisa ubomi kwiimeko ezininzi. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga, ingakumbi ukuba unezinto ezibangela umngcipheko. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye unenkxalabo malunga nokunikela ngegazi, thetha nogqirha wakho.

Okokugqibela, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoko ke ndiyathemba ukuba ngoku uyiqonda ngcono i-Transfusion-Associated Circulatory Overload, okanye i-TACO, esithethe ngayo namhlanje.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga emva kokunikela ngegazi, ezinje ngobunzima bokuphefumla, iintlungu zesifuba, okanye ukudumba, musa ukuzityeshela kwaye ufune iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza.

I-TACO yimeko enokuba yingozi kakhulu, kodwa ukuba iqatshelwe kwaye inyangwa kwangethuba, inokunyangeka kakhulu. Ukuba unezinto ezinobungozi ezisele zikhona ezifana nesifo sentliziyo okanye isifo sezintso, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba unikele ngegazi.

Ukunikela ngegazi yinto esindisa ubomi. Ngoko ke musa ukuyoyika loo nto. Nangona kunjalo, kulungile ukuba wonke umntu azi ngale mingcipheko inokubakho. Ukuba unemibuzo, buza ugqirha.

Ukunikela ngegazi , utofelo-gazi, i-taco, i-TACO, ukuphefumla kancinci, imiphunga, isifo sentliziyo