Xa ugqirha ekuxelela ukuba unomhlaza webele, kuqhelekile ukuba uzive uloyiko olukhulu kwaye wothukile xa usiva igama elithi 'chemotherapy'. Xa sisithi "chemotherapy" sinomfanekiso onzima engqondweni zethu. Kodwa ukuba sinolwazi olupheleleyo ngale ndlela yonyango, uya kufumana amandla amakhulu okujongana nolu hambo. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngokuba yintoni i-chemotherapy, kwenzeka ntoni ngayo, kwaye ungajamelana njani nayo.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-chemotherapy?
I-Chemotherapy luhlobo olunamandla kakhulu lwamayeza asetyenziselwa ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Ifana neyeza elikhethekileyo elingena nzulu emzimbeni wakho, lifune kwaye libulale iiseli zomhlaza. Ugqirha wakho angasebenzisa olu nyango kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango, ezinje ngotyando, unyango ngemitha, kunye nonyango lwehomoni.
Kukho iinjongo ezintathu eziphambili ze-chemotherapy kunyango lomhlaza webele:
- Ukuthintela umhlaza ukuba ungabuyi emva kotyando: Emva kokuba umhlaza ususiwe ngotyando, olu nyango lunikwa ukuthintela umhlaza ukuba ungabuyi ngokutshabalalisa naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza ezinokuthi zihlale emzimbeni, ezingabonakaliyo emehlweni. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'Adjuvant Therapy' ngokwezonyango.
- Nciphisa ithumba ngaphambi kotyando: Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba umhlaza mkhulu, i-chemotherapy inikwa ngaphambi kotyando ukuze inciphe. Oku kwenza kube lula ukususa ithumba ngokupheleleyo ngexesha lotyando. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'Neo-adjuvant therapy'.
- Tshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza ezisasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba: Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke (ususulwe) ukusuka emabeleni ukuya kwamanye amalungu omzimba, njengesibindi, imiphunga, okanye amathambo, i-chemotherapy ikwasetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa ezo seli.
Wena nogqirha wakho niza kugqiba kunye ukuba lixesha lini elifanelekileyo lokuba niqale i-chemotherapy, amayeza eniza kuwasebenzisa, kunye neshedyuli yenu yonyango. Ngoko ke qiniseka ukuba ubuza nayiphi na imibuzo onayo.
Inikwa njani i-chemotherapy?
I-chemotherapy inokunikwa ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili. Enye kungokuginya iipilisi . Enye, edla ngokwenziwa kwilizwe lethu, kukuyifaka emzimbeni ngemithambo efana ne-saline (efakwa ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi okanye nge-IV) .
Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuze uphephe ingxaki yokufumana umthambo engalweni yakho nokufaka i-cannula rhoqo xa usenza unyango, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba ufake isixhobo esincinci (i-central port) phantsi kwesikhumba esifubeni sakho esingaphezulu. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba unike amayeza kwaye utsale igazi ngokulula. Liza kususwa xa unyango lwakho lugqityiwe.
Unyango lunikezelwa 'ngemijikelo'.Okanye ngemijikelo. Oko kuthetha ukuba unika iyeza iintsuku ezimbalwa, uze uyeke iintsuku ezimbalwa okanye iiveki ukuze umzimba wakho uphumle. Emva koko uqale umjikelo olandelayo kwakhona. Olu cwangciso lonyango lwahlukile kuwo wonke umntu. Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza onalo.
Amayeza asetyenziswa kakhulu kumhlaza webele
Oogqirha badla ngokunika kungekuphela nje elinye lala mayeza, kodwa amaninzi awo 'kwindibaniselwano'. Kufana 'neresiphi' ekhethekileyo eyenzelwe ukufumana iziphumo ezilungileyo. Basebenzisa amagama amafutshane kubo. Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukubiza ngala magama, ngoku unokufumana umbono omncinci ngawo.
| Udidi lweziyobisi/igama lekhompawundi | Amayeza aqulethweyo (imizekelo) |
|---|---|
| I-Anthracyclines | I-Doxorubicin, i-Epirubicin |
| Iirhafu | I-Docetaxel, iPaclitaxel (iTaxol) |
| Ikhompawundi ye-AC | I-Adriamycin (iDoxorubicin) kunye neCyclophosphamide |
| Ikhompawundi ye-CMF | I-Cyclophosphamide, iMethotrexate, kunye neFluorouracil (5-FU) |
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ugqirha wakho we-oncologist akhethe iyeza okanye indibaniselwano yamayeza afanelekileyo kuwe kwaye aya kukunika iziphumo ezilungileyo.
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokwenzeka ngexesha lonyango
Xa i-chemotherapy ibulala iiseli zomhlaza, inokuchaphazela nezinye iiseli eziphilileyo emzimbeni wethu ezihlukana ngokukhawuleza (umzekelo, iiseli zeenwele, iiseli ezikwimilonyeni yethu, kunye neeseli zegazi). Yiyo loo nto iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zisenzeka. Kodwa khumbula, uninzi lwezi ziphumo bezizezexeshana. Kwaye ngoku kukho amayeza alungileyo kakhulu okuzilawula.
Ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga azichaphazeli wonke umntu ngendlela efanayo. Abanye abantu banokufumana okungakumbi, abanye banokufumana kancinci. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxelela ugqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na ingxaki oyifumanayo.
| Imiphumela | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza | Oku kunokulawulwa kakhulu ngamayeza anikwa ngaphambi nasemva konyango. |
| Ukulahleka kweenwele | Yinto abantu abaninzi abayoyikayo, kodwa xa unyango luphelile, iinwele ziya kukhula kwakhona. |
| Izilonda zomlomo | Ubomvu emlonyeni, izilonda ezincinci. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ibhrashi yamazinyo ethambileyo nokutya ukutya okungenaziqholo. |
| Ukudinwa | Usenokuziva udiniwe kakhulu, ngokwahlukileyo ekudinweni okuqhelekileyo. Kubalulekile ukuphumla ngokwaneleyo. |
| Umngcipheko okhulayo wosulelo | Njengoko iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi zincipha, umngcipheko wokufumana izifo uyanda. Ukuphepha iindawo ezixineneyo nokuhlamba izandla kubalulekile. |
| I-Neuropathy | Ukuba ndindisholo, ukutsha, kunye nentlungu kwiincam zeminwe kunye neenzwane. Ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho ngale nto. |
| Ukuyeka ukuya exesheni/ukuya exesheni | Imijikelo yokuya exesheni isenokungaqheleki okanye ime okwethutyana/ngokusisigxina. Ukuba uceba ukuba nabantwana, thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango. |
Uzilungiselela njani i-chemo?
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina umzimba wakho uqinile kangangoko ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango.
- Phumla kakuhle.
- Yitya ukutya okunesondlo. Faka iziqhamo ezininzi, imifuno, iimbotyi, kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo ekutyeni kwakho.
- Sela amanzi amaninzi kangangoko unako.
- Bona ugqirha wamazinyo. Jonga naluphi na usulelo emazinyweni nasezintsinini zakho uze ulunyange ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango.
- Nciphisa uxinzelelo. Yenza into oyithandayo, camngca, thetha nomntu omthembayo.
- Fumana uvavanyo lwegazi olunikwa ngugqirha wakho ukuze ubone ukuba intliziyo yakho, isibindi kunye nezintso zisebenza kakuhle na.
Ungayiqaphela njani imeko engxamisekileyo?
Le yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Ekubeni inkqubo yomzimba wakho yokuzikhusela iba buthathaka ngexesha le-chemotherapy, kukho iimpawu ezithile ekufuneka uziqaphele ngakumbi. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi, xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Ukuba umkhuhlane ungaphezulu kwe-100.4°F (38°C).
- Ukuba unomkhuhlane ngenxa yokothuka. (Ukuba awukwazi ukufikelela kugqirha, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko. )
- Izilonda ezintsha okanye amabala amhlophe emlonyeni, ulwimi oluvuvukileyo.
- Ukoma, ukutsha, kunye nokukrweleka emqaleni.
- Ukutsha xa uchama, ukudinga ukuchama rhoqo, igazi kumchamo.
- Isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, iintlungu zesisu, okanye urhudo oluhlala iintsuku ezingaphezu kwembini okanye ezintathu.
- Igazi esitulweni.
Nokuba unyango lugqityiwe, ugqirha wakho uya kuqhubeka ekujonga rhoqo (ukulandelela). Uya kumbona ugqirha wakho ubuncinane kanye kwiinyanga ezi-4-6 kwiminyaka emihlanu yokuqala.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-chemotherapy lunyango olunamandla nolusebenzayo lomhlaza webele. Musa ukuyoyika ngokungeyomfuneko.
- Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokwenzeka, kodwa uninzi lwazo zezokwexeshana. Kwaye kukho amayeza amaninzi alungileyo kunye neendlela zokuzilawula nokunciphisa ukungonwabi kwazo.
- Ungaze ungathandabuzi ukuxelela ugqirha wakho okanye umongikazi ngayo nayiphi na ingxaki onokuba unayo, nokuba yeyiphi na into ebuhlungu.
- Awuwedwa kolu hambo. Iqela lakho lezonyango, usapho, kunye nabahlobo bakho bonke bakhona ukukunceda.
- Qaphela iimpawu zengxakeko. Funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza xa ubona naziphi na kwezi mpawu.
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