Abanye oomama nootata baziva besoyika kancinci kwaye bexhalabile xa besiva ukuba umntwana wabo omncinci kufuneka agonywe. "Owu, gqirha, oku akuyi kwenzakalisa nto, akunjalo? Ngaba uza kuba nomkhuhlane omncinci? Ngaba uza kuyeka ukuncancisa?" Mhlawumbi le yimibuzo onayo engqondweni yakho. Kuqhelekile kakhulu. Ke namhlanje, masithethe ngezi gonyo ukuze silungise naziphi na iingxaki onokuba nazo.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni le gonyo?
Cinga ngemizimba yethu njengelizwe elikhuselekileyo. Iintshaba ezivela ngaphandle ukuza kuhlasela eli lizwe ziintsholongwane, oko kukuthi, iintsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, njl. Kwizonyango, ezi zifo sizibiza ngokuba ziintsholongwane . Xa ezi ntshaba zingena emzimbeni, siyagula.
Isitofu sokugonya luqeqesho oluqeqesha 'imikhosi yokuzikhusela' yomzimba wethu (oko kukuthi , inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ) ukuba ikwazi ukubona ezi ntshaba ngaphambi kokuba zize ngokwenene zibangele umonakalo omkhulu kwilizwe lethu (umzimba). Kufana noqeqesho lomkhosi.
Isebenza njani i-vaccine emzimbeni?
Le yinkqubo enomdla kakhulu. Makhe sibone ukuba isebenza njani.
1. Impendulo Ephambili Yokuzikhusela: Xa siqala ukudibana nentsholongwane entsha, inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela iba novalo kancinci. Kuthatha ixesha ukuqaphela utshaba nokwenza 'izixhobo' ezifanelekileyo (esizibiza ngokuba zezi antibodies ) zokulitshabalalisa. Ngeli xesha, sigula zizifo ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye nomkhuhlane.
2. Uqeqesho kunye nenkumbulo: Isitofu yindlela yokuqeqesha umkhosi wethu ngokufaka uhlobo lotshaba olubuthathaka okanye olubuleweyo, okanye inxalenye yalo encinci kakhulu , emzimbeni. Olu qeqesho lufundisa amajoni ethu omzimba ukwenza ii-antibodies azidingayo ukulwa notshaba olo. Lukwadala uhlobo oluthile lweseli olubizwa ngokuba 'ziiseli zememori' ezikhumbula olo tshaba. Ezi seli zifana nokuba nepowusta 'efunwayo' yotshaba.
3. Impendulo Yesibini Yokuzikhusela: Khawuthelekelele emva kokufumana isitofu, ngenye imini olo tshaba lokwenyani (intsholongwane) lungena emzimbeni wakho. Emva koko kwenzeka into emangalisayo! 'Iiseli zememori' emzimbeni wethu ziyayiqonda kwangoko nje ukuba zilubone, zicinga, "Ah... olu lutshaba oluqhelekileyo," kwaye, njengesiqhelo, zikhawuleza zivelise inani elikhulu lezo 'zixhobo' (ii-Antibodies) kwaye zitshabalalise utshaba. Asinalo nexesha lokugula.
Ngamafutshane, isitofu sokugonya sifana nomfundisi ofundisa umzimba wethu ukulwa nesifo ngaphambi kokuba sivele.
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezitofu zokugonya, akunjalo?
Ewe, nangona injongo ifana, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza imijovo. Uhlobo ngalunye luqeqesha amajoni ethu omzimba ngotshintsho oluncinci.
| Uhlobo lweGonyo | Ingaba isebenza kanjani | Imizekelo |
|---|---|---|
| Izitofu zokugonya eziphila kancinci | Intsholongwane yokwenyani isetyenziswa ngendlela ebuthathaka kakhulu. Ukhuseleko olunikwa yile nto lunamandla kakhulu. | Iigonyo zeMasisi, iMumps, iRubella (MMR), iChickenpox, kunye neRotavirus. |
| Iigonyo ezingasebenziyo | Iintsholongwane zibulawa ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kokuba zisetyenziswe. Akukho thuba lokuba zibangele izifo. | I-polio (uhlobo olujovayo), i-Hepatitis A, imijovo yeRabies. |
| Isitofu sokugonya seyunithi encinci | Endaweni yokusebenzisa intsholongwane yonke, kusetyenziswa inxalenye yeproteni okanye iswekile kuphela evuselela amajoni omzimba. | IHepatitis B, iHPV (umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko), imijovo yeShingles. |
| Ugonyo lweToxoid (Toxoid) | Iityhefu eziveliswa ziintsholongwane ezithile ziyabuthathaka kwaye zisetyenziswa ngendlela engenabungozi. | Izitofu zokugonya zeTetanus kunye neDiphtheria. |
| Isitofu sokugonya seNucleic Acid (iNucleic Acid - mRNA) | Inxalenye yentsholongwane inika iiseli zomzimba wethu 'imiyalelo' (i-mRNA) ukuze zenze eyazo. Umzimba wakha amandla okuzikhusela kuloo nxalenye. | Ezinye izitofu zokugonya zenzelwe i-COVID-19. |
Yintoni kanye kanye equlethwe sisitofu sokugonya? Ngaba ezi zinto zikhuselekile?
Into enye eyoyikisa abantu abaninzi zezinye izithako ezikwi-vaccine. Mhlawumbi ukhe weva amabali afana nala athi "Le ine-mercury, le ine-cocaine, le ine-cocaine." Makhe sijonge ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ekuyo.
- I-Antigen: Le yintsholongwane ebuthathaka/ebuleweyo okanye inxalenye yayo esithethe ngayo ngaphambili. Yile nto edala ukhuseleko lomzimba.
- Izincedisi: Ezi zisetyenziselwa ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwesitofu sokugonya. Oko kukuthi, ukuvuselela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Iityuwa zealuminiyam ngumzekelo woku. Zifumaneka emanzini esiwaselayo nakwamanye amayeza.
- Izithinteli: Ezi zisetyenziselwa ukuthintela iintsholongwane ukuba zingangeni kwisitofu xa abantu abaninzi begonywa kwibhotile enye. Uninzi lwezitofu lusetyenziswa kanye kuphela kwaye azinazo ezi.
- Izinzisi: Ezi zinceda ukugcina umgangatho wegonyo uzinzile ngexesha lokwenziwa nokugcinwa. I-Gelatin yenye yezo zithako.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba zonke ezi zinto zongezwa kwisitofu sokugonya ngamanani amancinci kakhulu . Kuye kwangqinwa ngokwesayensi ukuba loo manani awanabungozi kwaphela emzimbeni womntu. Ezinye izinto (umz. iFormaldehyde) ziveliswa ngokwendalo emizimbeni yethu ngamanani amancinci kakhulu.
Ngubani omele agonywe kwaye ngoba?
Impendulo elula yile, wonke umntu onako ukufanele agonywe . Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zaloo nto.
1. Ukuzikhusela: Ukugonywa yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela kwiingxaki ezinzima, ukukhubazeka kwexesha elide, kunye nokufa ngenxa yezifo ezosulelayo.
2. Ukukhusela abanye: Le yinto abantu abaninzi abangayicingiyo. Kukho abantu kuluntu abangenako ukugonywa. Umzekelo, iintsana ezineenyanga ezimbalwa ubudala, abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka ngenxa yezifo ezifana nomhlaza. Xa sigonywa, ukusasazeka kwesi sifo kuyaphela. Kukwabonelela ngokhuseleko kwabo bantu basesichengeni. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi -'Herd Immunity' .
3. Ukukhusela inkqubo yezibhedlele: Xa isifo sisasazeka njengobhubhane, izibhedlele ziyaxinezeleka. Oku kwenza kube nzima kubantu abanezinye izifo ukufumana unyango. Ukugonywa kunokuthintela loo meko.
4. Ukuphelisa izifo: Ukuba wonke umntu ehlabathini uyagonywa, ezinye izifo zinokususwa ehlabathini. Isifo esibulalayo i-smallpox sasuswa ehlabathini ngenxa yokugonywa.
Ngaba ngokwenene kukho iingozi ezivela kwiigonyo?
Njengayo nayiphi na iyeza, ukugonywa kunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezincinci kakhulu.
- Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezincinci:Ubuhlungu, ukubomvu, ukudumba, umkhuhlane omncinci, kunye neentlungu zomzimba kwindawo ehlatywe kuyo inaliti zihlala ziphela kungekapheli usuku okanye ezimbini. Olu luphawu lokuba inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba iqalile ukusebenza.
- Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinzulu: Ezi aziqhelekanga kakhulu . Umzekelo, ii-allergy ezinzima okanye iimeko ezibandakanya inkqubo yemithambo-luvo efana ne-Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Kodwa khumbula, amathuba okuba into efana nale yenzeke angaphantsi kangangamawaka amathuba okuba ugula kwaye ugula kakhulu ngaphandle kokufumana isitofu.
Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo kunye neentsomi
1. Ngaba imigonyo ibangela i-autism?
Hayi suka. Le yintsomi enkulu. Eli bali, elivela kuphando oluncinci kakhulu noluneziphene olwenziwe kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, ukususela ngoko liye labonakaliswa liphosakele ngokupheleleyo zizifundo ezinkulu ezibandakanya amakhulu amawaka abantu kwihlabathi liphela. Ngoko ke musa ukuyoyika konke konke.
2. Ngaba izitofu ziyayitshintsha i-DNA yethu?
Hayi. Izinto ezikwisitofu sokugonya azibopheleleki kwi-nucleus okanye kwi-DNA yeeseli zethu nangayiphi na indlela. Ziyasuswa emzimbeni kwiintsuku ezimbalwa.
3. Ndifumene isitofu kodwa ndisagula. Ngoko ke ingaba isitofu asisebenzi?
Musa ukucinga njalo. Ngamanye amaxesha ungagula nasemva kokuba ugonyiwe, kodwa ugonyo luyanciphisa kakhulu ubunzima besifo kunye neengxaki . Oko kuthetha ukuba endaweni yokuba ufumane i-pneumonia, ube neengxaki zokuphefumla, kwaye kufuneka uye kwi -ETU (iYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo) , unokufumana umkhuhlane omncinci kwaye uphile kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Oko kuthetha ukuba ugonyo lukusindise kwiingxaki ezininzi.
4. Ndingenza ntoni ngaphambi nasemva kokuba umntwana wam efumene isitofu?
Ugqirha wakho okanye umbelethisi uza kukucebisa ngale nto. Kubalulekile ukuba umntwana wakho abe sempilweni ngaphambi kokuba agonywe. Ukuba kukho umkhuhlane omncinci emva kokugonywa, mnike idosi echanekileyo yeparacetamol njengoko ugqirha emyalele. Ukuba umntwana wakho uziphatha ngendlela engaqhelekanga okanye unomkhuhlane ophezulu, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukugonywa akuyongozi. Kufana noqeqesho lokukhusela imizimba yethu kwizifo.
- Ukugonywa akukukhuseli nje kuphela wena, kodwa nabantu obathandayo kunye noluntu lonke kwizifo ezinzulu.
- Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezincinci emva kogonyo ziqhelekile. Ziluphawu lokuba inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela iyasebenza.
- Akukho nxibelelwano phakathi kwamayeza okugonya kunye ne-autism. Oko kuye kwangqinwa ngokwesayensi.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho ninemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo malunga nogonyo, nceda uthethe nogqirha wakho ngalo mba.Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho. Musa ukukholelwa yonke into oyivayo okanye oyifundayo kwi-intanethi.
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