Ngaba uyazi ngomthambo wegazi omkhulu emzimbeni wethu? Masifunde ngawo ngokulula (iVena Cava).

Umzimba wethu ufana nomatshini omangalisayo, akunjalo? Ukuze lo matshini uqhubeke usebenza, lonke ilungu lifuna ukufumana ioksijini kunye nezondlo. Lo msebenzi wenziwa ngegazi. Intliziyo ifana nepompo yamanzi, ithumela igazi elicocekileyo, elinomoya-mpilo emzimbeni wonke. Kodwa, emva kokuba lisetyenziselwe imisebenzi yomzimba, igazi elilahlekelwe yioksijini kufuneka libuyiselwe entliziyweni, akunjalo? Yiyo loo nto umzimba wethu uneendlela ezimbini ezikhethekileyo "eziphambili". Namhlanje sithetha ngaloo mithambo yegazi mibini iphambili, i-'Vena Cava'.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni iVena Cava?

Kulula kakhulu. I-Vena Cava yimithambo emibini emikhulu emzimbeni wethu. Imithambo yimithambo ethwala igazi entliziyweni. Le ifana neendlela ezimbini. Lonke igazi "elisetyenzisiweyo" elikhutshwe umoya, eliqokelelwe kuwo wonke umzimba lithwalwa liye entliziyweni ngale mithambo mibini iphambili.

Kukho ezimbini kwezi veins:

1. I-Superior Vena Cava: Lo ngumthambo wesibini ngobukhulu emzimbeni wethu. Igama elithi "Superior" lithetha "ngaphezulu." Kwakhona, lo mthambo uqokelela igazi elingena-oxygen kwinxalenye ephezulu yomzimba wethu, oko kukuthi, entanyeni, entloko, kwiingalo, nasesifubeni esingaphezulu, uze ulibuyisele entliziyweni.

2. I-Inferior Vena Cava: Lo ngowona mthambo mkhulu emzimbeni wethu. Igama elithi "Inferior" lithetha "ophantsi." Ngoko ke, lo mthambo uqokelela kwaye uzise igazi elingenaoksijini lisuka kwiindawo ezisezantsi zomzimba wethu, njengemilenze, isisu, izintso, nesibindi, entliziyweni.

Khawuthelekelele oku ngokungathi kufana neendlela zeebhasi eSri Lanka. Kufana nokuba iibhasi ezincinci (imithambo emincinci) ezivela kwilali nganye yelizwe zifika kwisixeko esikhulu kwaye ukusuka apho zidibana nendlela enkulu (i-vena cava) eya eColombo. Imithambo yegazi emincinci evela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba idibanisa le mithambo mibini iphambili ize izise igazi kwisikhululo esikhulu esibizwa ngokuba yi "Colombo", oko kuthetha "intliziyo".

Yintoni kanye kanye umsebenzi wale mithambo mibini?

Umsebenzi oyintloko nokuphela kwale mithambo mibini kukuthwala igazi "elingcolileyo" elinomoya-mpilo kunye ne-carbon dioxide libuyele entliziyweni emzimbeni wonke.

Makhe sibone indlela esebenza ngayo le nkqubo:

• Igazi elivela kwi-vena cava ephezulu nengaphantsi liqokelelana kwi-atrium yasekunene yentliziyo.
• Emva koko elo gazi liya kwi-ventricle yasekunene yentliziyo.
• Eli gazi limpontshwa lisuka kwi-ventricle yasekunene liye emiphungeni nge -pulmonary artery .
• Umlingo wokwenene wenzeka emiphungeni. Zisusa ikharbon diokside egazini zize zongeze ioksijini kulo ukuze sikwazi ukuphefumla. Kufana "nokucoca" igazi.
• Igazi "elicocekileyo" ngoku, elizele yioksijini, libuyela kwi-atrium yasekhohlo yentliziyo.
• Ukusuka apho iya kwi-ventricle yasekhohlo , ize ukusuka apho ipompelwe emzimbeni wonke nge -aorta .

Lo mjikelo uyaqhubeka. Ngoko uyabona, lo mjikelo ubungayi kuphelela ngaphandle kwale mithambo mibini, akunjalo? Ibaluleke kakhulu.

Iphi iVena Cava? Ijongeka njani?

Zombini ezi veins zikwicala lasekunene lentliziyo. I-Superior Vena Cava ikwicala lasekunene le-sternum, ithambo elikhulu eliphakathi kwesifuba sethu. Iqhagamshelana ngqo ne-atrium yasekunene yentliziyo.

I-vena cava engaphantsi inde kancinci. Iqala apho imithambo emibini emikhulu esiswini sethu idibana khona. Ukusuka apho, inyuka ize iqhagamshelane ne-atrium yasekunene yentliziyo.

Ngokwesayizi:

• I-Superior vena cava (SVC): Ubude obumalunga neesentimitha ezi-7 (malunga neesentimitha ezi-3) kunye nobubanzi obumalunga neesentimitha ezi-2 (ngaphantsi kwe-intshi enye).
• I-vena cava engaphantsi (IVC): ubude bayo buziimilimitha ezili-100 (malunga nee-intshi ezi-4). Ububanzi bayo buziimilimitha ezingama-22 (malunga ne-intshi enye).

Iindonga zazo zenziwe ziintlobo ezikhethekileyo zeeseli, izicwili ezidityanisiweyo, imicu yemithambo-luvo, kunye nezicwili zemisipha, nto leyo ezinika ukuguquguquka namandla eziwadingayo.

Ziziphi iimeko ezinokuchaphazela iVena Cava?

Njengazo zonke ezinye izitho zomzimba, le mithambo mibini mikhulu nayo inokuba neengxaki. Ingxaki ephambili kukuba kukho ukuvaleka kokuhamba kwegazi ngaphakathi kwezi mithambo. Oku kuvaleka kuthintela igazi ukuba lingahambi kakuhle liye entliziyweni. Le meko siyibiza ngokuba yi 'Vena Cava Syndrome'. Ngokuxhomekeke kumthambo ovalekileyo, oku kungaba yi 'Superior Vena Cava Syndrome' okanye 'Inferior Vena Cava Syndrome'.

Kusenokuba nezizathu ezininzi eziphambili zoku:

• Ithumba: Ithumba, njengomhlaza wemiphunga, linokukhula lize libeke uxinzelelo kulo mthambo.
• Amahlwili egazi: Ihlwili legazi linokubumba ngaphakathi komthambo lize liwuvale. Ngamanye amaxesha, ii-catheters okanye ii-pacemakers ezifakwa emva kotyando zinokwandisa umngcipheko wamahlwili egazi.
• Ukukhubazeka Kwasekuzalweni: Abanye abantu banokuzalwa benesiphene kule mithambo.

Iimpawu ezivelayo kule meko ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni nguwuphi umthambo onengxaki.

Uyijonga njani impilo yale mithambo?

Ukuba unale mpawu, ugqirha wakho uza kuqala akuhlole aze emva koko enze iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa unobangela wengxaki.

• I-X-ray yesifuba: Uvavanyo lwe-X-ray yesifuba.
• I-ultrasound scan: Ukufota imifanekiso yangaphakathi yomzimba kusetyenziswa amaza esandi.
• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography): Uvavanyo olusebenzisa imifanekiso ekhethekileyo yekhompyutha ukwenza umbono womzimba onqamlezileyo.
• Iskeni ye-MRI (Umfanekiso weMagnetic Resonance):Ukufumana imifanekiso ecacileyo yomzimba usebenzisa intsimi yemagnethi.
• I-Coronary Angiography: Uvavanyo olusebenzisa ii-X-ray ukujonga ukuhamba kwegazi ngokufaka idayi ekhethekileyo kwimithambo yegazi.

Zithini iindlela zonyango lweengxaki ezinjalo?

Indlela yonyango ixhomekeke kwisizathu sengxaki. Ugqirha wakho uza kukhetha unyango olukufaneleyo.

• Amayeza: I-Diuretics okanye ii-steroids zinganikwa ukunciphisa ukudumba. Ukuba kukho amahlwili egazi, kunganikwa amayeza okuwanyibilikisa (i-thrombolytics) okanye ukuthintela ukwakheka kwamahlwili angakumbi (i-anticoagulants).
• Ukususwa kwehlwili legazi: Ngamanye amaxesha ityhubhu encinci (i-catheter) ingadluliselwa emthanjeni ukuze kususwe ihlwili legazi.
• I-Angioplasty kunye ne-Stent: Ukufaka umoya kwindawo evalekileyo ngesixhobo esifana nebhaluni kunye nokufaka ityhubhu encinci efana ne-mesh (stent) ukuthintela ukuba ingaphinde inciphe.
• Utyando: Ukuba ithumba libangela ukuvaleka, utyando lunokwenziwa ukuze kususwe ithumba. Ngamanye amaxesha, utyando lwe-bypass lunokwenziwa ukuze kudalwe indlela entsha yokuhamba kwegazi.
• Unyango lomhlaza: Ukuba umhlaza ngunobangela, kunokufuneka unyango lwe-chemotherapy okanye i-radiation.
• Isihluzi seVena Cava: Ukuba unehlwili legazi kwimithambo enzulu yemilenze yakho (iDeep Vein Thrombosis - DVT) kwaye usemngciphekweni we-pulmonary embolism, ugqirha wakho unokufaka isihluzi esincinci kwi-vena cava engaphantsi. Oku kuyayekisa ihlwili legazi ukunyuka emlenzeni.

Singenza ntoni ukugcina le mithambo ibalulekileyo iphilile?

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina yonke imithambo yegazi emizimbeni yethu iphilile, kungekuphela nje kwimithambo emibini ye-vena cava. Kukho izinto ezimbalwa ezilula esinokuzenza ukunceda.

• Ukutya okulungileyo: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukutya ukutya okunamafutha aphantsi agcweleyo kunye neziqhamo nemifuno eninzi.
• Ukuzilolonga: Hlala usebenza yonke imihla. Nokuba yinto elula njengokuhamba okanye ukubaleka ingenza umahluko omkhulu.
• Nciphisa uxinzelelo: Uxinzelelo alulungelanga imithambo yegazi yakho. Zama ukuphumla ingqondo yakho ngezinto ezifana neyoga nokucamngca.
• Lawula ezinye izifo: Ukuba unezifo ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, i-cholesterol, okanye isifo seswekile, zilawule kakuhle ngokwemiyalelo kagqirha wakho. Ezi zifo zingonakalisa imithambo yegazi.

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu zikhankanyiweyo kweli nqaku, nceda ungayityesheli. Bona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuze ufumane icebiso. Ukulandela unyango alunikayo kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze uphile ngokukhawuleza.