Masifunde ngakumbi nge-viral meningitis. Musa ukoyika, masithethe!

Ngaba wakha weva nge-'Meningitis'? Mhlawumbi umntwana wakho okanye umntu omaziyo ngequbuliso ukhe waba nomkhuhlane, intamo eqinileyo, okanye intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu. Ngamaxesha anjalo, kuya kufuneka ucinge ngale meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-'Viral Meningitis'. Nangona eli gama lisenokuvakala lisoyikisa xa uliva, masithethe ngalo ngokweenkcukacha nangokulula, ukuze uliqonde ngcono.

Yintoni kanye kanye iViral Meningitis?

Ngamafutshane, i-viral meningitis iyenzeka xa intsholongwane ingena kwiimembrane ezikhuselayo ezijikeleze ingqondo yakho kunye nomqolo (intambo yemithambo-luvo ngaphakathi komqolo wakho), ezibizwa ngokuba yi-meninges , kwaye ziyadumba. Kanye njengokuba sifumana inxeba, ezi membrane ziyadumba, zibomvu, kwaye zibe buhlungu ngenxa yentsholongwane. Oku sikubiza ngokuba kukudumba.

Le meko ixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abancinci , kodwa inokubakho nakubantu abadala. Ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi-'aseptic meningitis'.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-Viral Meningitis kunye ne-Bacterial Meningitis?

Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-meningitis, i-viral kunye ne-bacterial. Zombini zibangela ukudumba okufanayo kwee-membranes ezijikeleze ubuchopho endikukhankanyileyo ngaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, unobangela wahlukile.

• I-Viral Meningitis: Oku kubangelwa lusulelo lwentsholongwane. Ihlala iziphelela yodwa kwaye ayibi nzima kangako.
• I-Bacterial Meningitis: Oku kubangelwa lusulelo lwebhaktiriya. Oku kuyingozi kakhulu kwaye kunokubeka ubomi esichengeni.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba iimpawu zodwa azikwazi ukuxelela ukuba zeziphi. Ngoko ke ukuba ucinga ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho uneempawu ze-meningitis, bonana nogqirha okanye uye esibhedlele ngoko nangoko. Musa ukuchitha ixesha.

Zithini iimpawu ze-Viral Meningitis?

Ezi mpawu zinokuvela ngequbuliso. Jonga ukuba unayo na enye kwezi:

• Ifiva
• Ukuziva ubanda (ukungcangcazela)
• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu
• Ukuqina kwentamo, ubunzima bokugoba
• Isicaphucaphu okanye ukuhlanza
• Ubuthathaka ekukhanyeni, nto leyo ethetha ubunzima ekujongeni izibane ezikhanyayo (i-Photophobia)
• Umnqweno wokutya
• Kunzima ukugxila.
• Umbono ophindwe kabini

Ngamanye amaxesha, iimpawu zosulelo oluqhelekileyo lwentsholongwane (ezifana nempumlo egobhozayo, ukukhwehlela, iintlungu zomzimba, kunye nokurhawuzelelwa lusu) zinokubakho kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba ezi mpawu ze-meningitis ziqale.

Iimpawu ze-Viral Meningitis kwiintsana eziselula

Kunokuba nzima ukubona ezi mpawu kwiintsana nakubantwana abancinci abangakwaziyo ukuthetha kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, njengomzali, ungaziqwalasela ezi zinto:

• Ifiva
• Ukuhlanza
• I-"fontanelle" okanye i-fontanelle evuvukileyo entlokweni yomntwana ibonakala ngathi idumbile.
• Ukukhala rhoqo, ukucaphuka
• Ukusela ubisi oluncinci, ukutya ukutya okuncinci
• Ukuva ulele ngalo lonke ixesha, okanye ukuba nobunzima bokuvuka ebuthongweni
• Ukudinwa (impendulo ecothayo)

Ukuba ubona iimpawu ezinje, kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Kutheni i-viral meningitis isenzeka? Zithini izizathu?

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane ezinokubangela i-meningitis. Ezinye zazo zezi:

• Iintsholongwane ezingezizo zepoliyo: Iintsholongwane ezibangela izifo ezifana nesifo sezandla, iinyawo kunye nomlomo zeli qela.
• Intsholongwane yeHerpes simplex
• Intsholongwane ka-Epstein-Barr: Yiyo le nto ibangela isifo esifana nomkhuhlane esibizwa ngokuba yi-mononucleosis.
• Intsholongwane yeVaricella zoster: Le yintsholongwane efanayo ebangela i-chickenpox kunye ne-shingles.
• Intsholongwane ye-mumps
• Intsholongwane yeMasisi
• Ii-Arboviruses: Iintsholongwane ezidluliselwa ziingcongconi, ezifana ne-dengue, i-Zika virus, kunye ne-West Nile virus.
• intsholongwane kaGawulayo
• Iintsholongwane zomkhuhlane: Iintsholongwane ezibangela umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo (umkhuhlane).
• Intsholongwane ye-Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCMV)

Uyabona, zingaphi iintlobo zeentsholongwane ezikhoyo.

Oku kungena njani emntwini?

Iintsholongwane ezibangela i-viral meningitis zisasazeka kakhulu ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye ngezi ndlela zilandelayo:

• Ngokukhohlela nokutsiba (ngamaconsi aphuma emoyeni)
• Ngokuqhagamshelana ngokusondeleyo (njengokuxhawulana ngezandla, ukwanga)
• Ukwabelana ngokutya, iziselo, okanye izinto zakho (umzekelo, ukusela kwibhotile enye yamanzi)
• Ngokuchukumisa iindawo ezingcoliswe yintsholongwane (ezifana nezibambo zomnyango, iitafile, njl.njl., uze uchukumise impumlo okanye umlomo wakho ngesandla esifanayo)

Ezinye iintlobo ze-viral meningitis zinokudluliselwa ngokulunywa yingcongconi enesifo .

Ngaba i-Viral Meningitis iyosulela?

Kukho into encinci ekufuneka uyiqonde apha: Iintsholongwane ezibangela i-meningitis ziyasulela.Nangona kunjalo, ayinguye wonke umntu ofumana le ntsholongwane oza kuba ne-meningitis. Uninzi lwexesha, ezo ntsholongwane zibangela ezinye izifo. Umzekelo, ukuba ufumana intsholongwane ye-influenza, unamathuba amaninzi okufumana izifo zokuphefumla (umkhuhlane, i-flu) kune-meningitis.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuphuhlisa oku?

Nabani na unokufumana i-viral meningitis, kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu:

• Kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala
• Kwabo banenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka: Usenokuba nenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka ngenxa yemeko yempilo (umz., iingxaki zokuzikhusela komzimba, i-HIV, umhlaza) okanye ngenxa yokuthatha amayeza athintela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
• Kwabo bahlala kunye njengeqela: umzekelo, abo bahlala kwiindawo zokulala zaseyunivesithi.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ze-Viral Meningitis?

Nangona kungenakwenzeka ukuba ingabangela iingxaki ezinkulu njenge-bacterial meningitis, i-viral meningitis inokubangela ezinye iziphumo zexesha elifutshane nezexesha elide . Le ngozi iphezulu kakhulu kubantwana abancinci.

• Ukulahlekelwa okanye ukuphazamiseka kokubona
• Ukulahlekelwa kukuva okanye ukuphazamiseka kokuva
• Iingxaki zenkumbulo kunye nengqalelo
• Iingxaki zokuhamba nokugcina ibhalansi
• Ubunzima bokufunda

Kungoko ke kubalulekile ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza xa iimpawu zibonakala.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani ngokuchanekileyo i-viral meningitis?

Oogqirha baxilonga i-viral meningitis ngokwenza uvavanyo lwe-neurological kunye nokuvavanya ulwelo lwakho lwe-cerebrospinal (ulwelo olujikeleze ingqondo yakho kunye nomqolo). Basenokuthatha isampuli yegazi, isampuli yendle, i-nose swab okanye i-throat, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha i-brain scan.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo?

Nazi ezinye zeemvavanyo ezisetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukufumanisa i-viral meningitis:

• Ukubhoboza i-Lumbar/i-Spine Tap: Oku kuquka ukufaka inaliti encinci emqolo ongezantsi nokususa inani elincinci lolwelo lwe-cerebrospinal ukuze luthunyelwe kwilebhu ukuze luvavanywe. Oku kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba i-meningitis ibangelwa yintsholongwane, ibhaktheriya, okanye enye into.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu vavanyo lunceda ekuchongeni izifo kunye neentlobo zeentsholongwane.
• I-swab yempumlo okanye yomphimbo: Ugqirha uza kuthatha i-swab empumlweni okanye emqaleni wakho ukuze aqokelele isampuli ye-mucus. Iya kuthunyelwa kwilabhoratri ukuze ivavanywe iintsholongwane okanye ezinye izifo.
• Imifanekiso: Ugqirha uthatha imifanekiso yengqondo yakho.I -CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan) okanye i-MRI (i-Magnetic Resonance Imaging) ingasetyenziselwa ukujonga ukudumba kwengqondo okanye olunye utshintsho olubangelwa yi-meningitis.
• Isampulu yendle: Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha wakho angakucela ukuba unike isampulu yendle. Iya kuthunyelwa kwilabhoratri ukuze kuhlolwe iintsholongwane okanye ezinye izifo.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-viral meningitis?

Unyango lwe-viral meningitis luxhomekeke kuhlobo lwentsholongwane oluyibangeleyo. Amayeza okulwa ne-antiviral ayafumaneka kwiintlobo ezimbalwa ze-meningitis. Ngamanye amaxesha, oogqirha bagxila ekulawuleni iimpawu, ezinje ngokunciphisa ukudumba, ukunciphisa iintlungu, kunye nokuthintela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.

Amayeza kunye nonyango olunikiweyo

La ngamayeza kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango ezisetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukunyanga i-viral meningitis:

• Iiantibiotics: Iiantibiotics azinakunyanga usulelo lwentsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha wakho unokukuqalisa ngee-antibiotics de kufunyaniswe unobangela we-meningitis yakho. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-bacterial meningitis yimeko embi kakhulu kune-viral meningitis kwaye kufuneka inyangwe ngokukhawuleza.
• Ii-Antivirals: Umzekelo, iyeza elithi 'Acyclovir' lisetyenziselwa usulelo lwe-herpes simplex kunye ne-varicella zoster virus. Kukwakho namayeza amaninzi e-antiviral virus ye-influenza.
• IiCorticosteroids: Amayeza afana neDexamethasone okanye iPrednisone anciphisa ukudumba.
• Izithomalalisi zentlungu: Zinciphisa iintloko ezibuhlungu kunye neentlungu zomzimba.
• Ulwelo olufakwa emthanjeni (IV fluids): Ulwelo lunikwa nge-saline infusion ukuthintela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni nokubonelela umzimba ngolwelo olufunekayo.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndifumana i-viral meningitis? Ndimele ndilindele ntoni?

I-viral meningitis idla ngokunyangwa. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, unokukwazi ukufumana unyango ekhaya okanye ungeniswe esibhedlele. Ukuba ungeniswe esibhedlele, kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele ubuncinane iintsuku ezimbalwa. Ekubeni kungekho nyango luthile lwe-viral meningitis, oogqirha badla ngokunika uncedo lokulawula iimpawu zakho.

Ihlala ixesha elingakanani i-viral meningitis?

Uninzi lweemeko ze-viral meningitis ziyaphela ngokwazo kwiveki okanye ezimbini. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokuthatha iiveki okanye ngaphezulu ukuze baphile ngokupheleleyo. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuphumla umzimba wakho.

Ngaba i-Viral Meningitis ingathintelwa?

Ewe, zikho izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana iintsholongwane ezinokubangela i-meningitis.

• Gonyelwa: Kukho imijovo yezifo ezifana ne-chickenpox, i-influenza, i-measles, kunye ne-mumps. Ukuzifumana ezi zinto kunokunciphisa umngcipheko we-meningitis ebangelwa zezo ntsholongwane.
• Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle narhoqo: Ingakumbi xa umkhuhlane, hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi ngaphambi kokutya, emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, nasemva kokutshintsha inabukeni yomntwana wakho.
• Gcina iindawo eziphathwa rhoqo zicocekile: Coca izinto ezifana nezibambo zomnyango, iitafile kunye neefowuni ngesibulali-ntsholongwane.
• Ukusebenzisa iindlela ezikhuselekileyo ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo: Ukusebenzisa iikhondom okanye iidama zamazinyo kunokuthintela ukudluliselwa kwezinye iintsholongwane.
• Zikhusele ekulunyweni zizinambuzane: Ukuze uzikhusele kwiintsholongwane ezidluliselwa ziingcongconi, nxiba impahla egquma umzimba, ufake isixovulelo seengcongconi, kwaye ulale phantsi kwenethi zeengcongconi ukuba kuyimfuneko.
• Ukuhlala kude nabanye abantu ukuba uyagula: Oku kunceda ekuthinteleni ukusasazwa kwale ntsholongwane kwabanye abantu. Ukuba kufuneka ube phakathi kwabanye abantu, nxiba imaski.
• Musa ukwabelana ngezinto zakho zobuqu (ezifana neeglasi zamanzi, izitya) nabanye.
• Ukuba uhamba, yaziswe kwangaphambili: Qaphela izifo ezisulelayo ezixhaphakileyo kwindawo oya kuyo kwaye uthathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuzikhusela kuzo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho nineempawu ze-viral meningitis, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza. Ugqirha wakho uya kuqinisekisa ukuba imeko yakho imbi kangakanani na kwaye uyawadinga na amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.

Ndingaya nini esibhedlele (ETU) ngoko nangoko?

Ukuba unezi mpawu ziqatha , yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka (ETU) ngoko nangoko:

• Intlungu ebuhlungu okanye ukuqina kwentamo - inzima kangangokuba awukwazi nokujika intloko yakho okanye ukufaka isilevu sakho esifubeni sakho.
• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu.
• Umbono ophindwe kabini.
• Ukudideka okanye utshintsho lwengqondo (ukulahlekelwa zingqondo, intetho engacacanga).

Iimpawu ezinje ngezi zibonisa ukuba imeko inokuba mandundu. Ngoko ke musa ukulibazisa.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha?

Xa ubona ugqirha, kunokuba luncedo ukubuza le mibuzo:

• Ziziphi iindlela zonyango endinazo?
• Ndingazilawula njani iimpawu zam?
• Ndingakubona nini okanye ndikubone omnye ugqirha kwakhona?
• Zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka ndiye kwigumbi likaxakeka ukuze ndizifumane?
• Ingaba esi sifo sisosulela abanye?

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-meningitis ebangelwa yintsholongwane inokuba yinto eyoyikisayo xa usiva igama. Nangona kunjalo, luhlobo lwe-meningitis olungenabungozi kangako . Kwiimeko ezininzi, iyazilungisa ngokwayo.

Kodwa, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, ukuba iimpawu ze-meningitis ziyavela, asinakukwazi ukubona ukuba yi-viral okanye i-bacterial meningitis, enokuba yingozi ebomini, de ugqirha ayihlole.

Ngoko ke, ukuba uneempawu ezinje ngokuqina kwentamo, intloko ebuhlungu, ukubona kabini, okanye ukulahlekelwa zingqondo, yiya esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza. Unyango olukhawulezileyo lunokusindisa ubomi. Hlala usempilweni!

i - meningitis, i-meningitis ebangelwa yintsholongwane, umkhuhlane wobuchopho, intsholongwane, usulelo, iimpawu, abantwana