Ngaba wakha wadlala umdlalo othi "Hang-in-the-Mouth" nomntwana wakho omncinci? Xa usenza njalo, ubanceda ukuba bafikelele kwinqanaba elibalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kwengqondo yabo. Oko kukuqonda ukuba izinto okanye abantu basesehlabathini, nokuba abanakuzibona ngamehlo abo. Ngokwezonyango , oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-'Object Permanence.' Eli linyathelo elibaluleke kakhulu lophuhliso umntwana alifunda kunyaka wokuqala wobomi bakhe.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-Object Permanence?
I-Object Permanence, ngokufutshane, kukukwazi ukuqonda ukuba into okanye umntu usekhona, nokuba asiyiboni okanye asiyiva. Khawuthelekelele ukuba uthathe ibhola yokudlala yomntwana wayifihla phantsi kwengubo. Ukuba umntwana akakayiphuhlisi le khono ye-Object Permanence, uya kucinga ukuba ibhola ayisekho kweli hlabathi. Ngoko akayi kuzama ukuyikhangela.
Kodwa, njengoko efumana esi sikhundla kancinci kancinci, uyazi ukuba ibhola ingaphantsi kwelaphu. Emva koko uyalisusa ilaphu aze aqale ukukhangela ibhola. Le ngcamango yafunyanwa okokuqala yingcali yezengqondo yabantwana uJean Piaget.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umntwana afumane esi sixhobo, kuba sibeka isiseko sezinye izakhono ezininzi eziza kubakho kwixesha elizayo. Umzekelo:
- Ukudlala ngendlela yokuzenzisa : Ukudlala ngokungathi utyisa unodoli.
- Uphuhliso lwenkumbulo: Ukukwazi ukukhumbula into oyibonileyo.
- Uphuhliso lolwimi: Ukufunda amagama nokuqala ukuthetha.
Konke oku kufuna ubuchule bokwenza umfanekiso wengqondo wento engabonakaliyo. Olu buchule lukwabanceda baqonde ukuba abantu ababathandayo, njengomama notata wabo, abakabashiyanga kwaye baya kubuya kwixesha elizayo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhlisweni kwabo ngokweemvakalelo nasekubunjweni kobudlelwane .
Umntwana ufumana nini esi sixhobo?
Ngokwezifundo zikaJean Piaget, iintsana ziqala ukufumana esi sixhobo xa zineminyaka eyi-8 ubudala . Ngokwezigaba zokukhula kwakhe, le yeyona njongo iphambili yesigaba se-sensorimotor. Ngeli xesha, iintsana zifunda ngeemvakalelo zazo ezintlanu - oko kukuthi, ngokubona, ngokuchukumisa, ngokungcamla, ngokuva, nangokushukuma.
Nangona kunjalo, uphando lwakutshanje lubonisa ukuba ezinye iintsana zisenokuqala ukuqonda olu buchule kwanangaphambi kwexesha, phakathi kweenyanga ezi-4 nezi-7 ubudala . Ngokwesiqhelo, uninzi lweentsana lukhula olu buchule ngaphambi kokuba lube nonyaka omnye ubudala.
Khumbula, oku akwenzeki ngobusuku obunye. Umntwana wakho uya kufunda oku kancinci kancinci. Ngezinye iintsuku uya kuba nomdla wokufumana izinto zokudlala ozifihlayo, kwaye ngezinye iintsuku akayi kukubona nokukubona. Oku kuqhelekile kakhulu.
Umntwana ngamnye wahlukile. Ngoko ke ungakhathazeki ukuba umntwana wakho usemva kancinci kunezinye iintsana ekufikeleleni kweli nqanaba libalulekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kulungile ukuqaphela la manqanaba okukhula. Emva koko, ukuba kukho ingxaki, ungayichonga ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba unamathandabuzo okanye uloyiko malunga nokukhula komntwana wakho, ungaze unqikaze ukuthetha nogqirha wakho wabantwana.
Ungamnceda njani umntwana wakho ukuba aphuhlise esi sixhobo?
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuphuhlisa olu buchule kukudlala nomntwana wakho. Imidlalo kunye neencwadi ezibandakanya ukufihla into ethile nokuyibuyisela kwakhona ziluncedo kakhulu koku. Ngemidlalo efana nale, umntwana wakho ufunda kancinci kancinci ukuba izinto ziya kubuya nokuba azibonakali okwethutyana.
Nazi ezinye imidlalo ezilula onokuzidlala nomntwana wakho.
| Igama lomdlalo | Indlela yokwenza oko |
|---|---|
| Sithandwa esiphezulu | Gquma ubuso bakho ngezandla zakho, uze ngequbuliso utsale izandla zakho uthi, "Bhu!" Xa umntwana wakho efunda olu buchule, uya kuhleka kakhulu xa ekubona kwakhona. |
| Ukufihla ngelaphu | Gquma intloko yakho ngelaphu elimanzi , ulikhuphe kwakhona, uze uthi "Hayi bo!" Xa umntwana wakho emdala kancinci, khangela ukuba angakwazi na ukulisusa ngokwakhe entlokweni yakho. |
| Masifihle ithoyizi. | Thabatha ithoyizi yomntwana uyifihle ngasemva kwakho okanye ngasemva kwento efana nesitulo, uze uyikhuphe ngequbuliso. |
| Masifumane amathoyizi. | Ngelixa umntwana wakho elindile, beka iziqwenga ezimbalwa zelaphu phezu kwethoyi yakhe ayithandayo. Emva koko mkhuthaze ukuba ayifumane. Xa umntwana wakho eqala ukukhasa, fihla amathoyizi egumbini uze umcele ukuba awafumane. |
| Izinto zokudlala ezivelelayo kunye neencwadi | Kwezi zinto, ithoyizi itsiba ngequbuliso isuka kwinto efihliweyo. Kukwakho neencwadi apho unokuphakamisa khona iindawo ezithile zencwadi ukuze utyhile imifanekiso efihliweyo ngaphantsi. |
Kwenzeka ntoni emva kokufumana i-Object Permanence?
Ukubukela uvuyo lomntwana wakho xa efumana into yokudlala efihliweyo ngamava amahle. Kodwa kwangoko nje ukuba afumane esi sixhobo, uya kubona omnye umahluko. Loo nto yinkxalabo yokwahlukana .
Le yimeko eqhelekileyo yokukhula kwiintsana nabantwana abancinci. Ngeli xesha, banokuba noloyiko, baxhalabe, baze bakhale xa behlukene nabazali babo okanye abanakekeli babo.
Oku kungenxa yokuba ngoku umntwana uyazi ukuba ulapho nangona ungabonwa. Ngoko ke uziva ebuhlungu kwaye exhalabile xa ungekho. Oku kungokwexeshana. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, uya kukwazi ukuhlala kude okwethutyana ngaphandle kokuba umntwana akhale.
Ngaba kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-Object Permanence kunye ne-ADHD?
Kukho inkolelo ethandwayo yokuba abantu abane-ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) banengxaki yokungaguquguquki kwezinto. Oko kukuthi, bayalibala ukuba kukho into ekhoyo xa bengabonakali. Nangona kunjalo, akukho bungqina besayensi obaneleyo bokuqinisekisa ukuba ezi ngxaki zokungaguquguquki kwezinto zinegalelo kule meko.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukuhlala ixesha elide kwento yinto ebalulekileyo kakhulu ephuhlisayo kunyaka wokuqala wobomi bomntwana.
- Oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana uyaqonda ukuba abantu nezinto zisekhona, nokuba azibonakali emehlweni.
- Ungamnceda umntwana wakho aphuhlise esi sixhobo ngemidlalo elula efana nethi "Hanging Hands".
- Kwakuba nje esi sixhobo sifunyenwe, umntwana usenokuba "nexhala lokuhlukana." Oku kuqhelekile.
- Umntwana ngamnye ukhula ngesantya sakhe. Ngoko ke ungakhathazeki ngokungeyomfuneko ngomntwana wakho. Ukuba unamathandabuzo, qhagamshelana nogqirha wezingane .
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