Ngaba wakha waphawula indlela abanye abantu ababambelele ngayo kwiinkolelo zabo kangangokuba abanandaba nobungqina? Mhlawumbi nawe ukhe wakubona oku. Ukuze sibonise ukuba indlela esicinga ngayo ichanekile, sikhangela kuphela ulwazi oluxhasayo. Ukuba sibona umbono ochaseneyo, siyawutyeshela. Le yindlela sonke esinayo engqondweni yethu. Kwisayikholoji, oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-'Confirmation Bias'.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iConfirmation Bias?
Ukukhetha izinto ngendlela ethile yindlela eqhelekileyo iingqondo zethu ezifuna ngayo, zinike ingqalelo, kwaye zikhumbule ulwazi oluqinisekisa oko sele sikukholelwa okanye uluvo lwethu.
Khawucinge nje ucinga, "Ukuzilolonga kusasa yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuqala usuku lwakho." Ngoku, xa ukhangela oku kwi-intanethi okanye kwiphephandaba, amehlo akho ahlala ejonga amanqaku malunga neenzuzo zokuzilolonga kusasa. Ukuba umntu uthi, "Ukuzilolonga kusasa akulunganga kangako," awunikeli ngqalelo ingako kuyo, ucinga, "Owu, oko akunakuba yinyani," uze ulibale ngayo. Oko kubizwa nje ngokuba yiConfirmation Bias. Endaweni yokujonga umfanekiso wonke, sibona kuphela into esiyifunayo.
Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili ezisichaphazela ngazo olu tyekelo:
Oku kuchaphazela ubomi bethu ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Makhe sijonge iindlela eziphambili.
1. Uphendlo oluCalucalulweyo
Le yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo. Wakuba wenze uluvo ngento ethile, ukhangela kuphela ulwazi olunokungqina ukuba iyinyani. Oku kuye kwaba lula nangakumbi kule mihla ngeenjini zokukhangela.
Khawucinge ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukuba "Ngaba ioyile yekhokhonathi ilungile emzimbeni?" Ukuba ukhangela "iingenelo zeoyile yekhokhonathi" kuGoogle, uya kufumana iziphumo ezithetha ngeenzuzo zeoyile yekhokhonathi. Kodwa ukuba ukhangela "iingozi zeoyile yekhokhonathi", uya kufumana iziphumo ezithetha ngeengxaki zayo. Ngoko ke, into oyicingayo kuqala imisela into oyifunayo kunye nento oyifumanayo.
2. Ukutolika okuKhethekileyo
Oku nako kuyinto engaqhelekanga. Ngenxa yale meko, nokuba ufumana luphi na ulwazi, ulutolika ngendlela ehambelana noluvo lwakho lokuqala. Nokuba ufumana ubungqina obuqinileyo obuchasene noluvo lwakho, usalujika lube kwicala lakho.
Uphando lubonise ukuba abantu babambelela kwiinkolelo zabo kuba bathambekele ekuhlalutyeni ulwazi olutsha ngengqondo evulekileyo, endaweni yokukhangela iindlela zokuqinisa iinkolelo zabo. Kufana nokubukela umdlalo wekhilikithi, apho xa umdlali obetha ibhola kwelinye icala engekho, kubonakala ngathi kuyacaca, kodwa xa umntu kwiqela lethu engekho, siphikisana ngelithi, "Hayi, oko akusekho ngaphandle."
3. Iinkumbulo Ezinocalucalulo
Inkumbulo yethu idlala indima kule nto. Uyakhumbula iziganeko ezixhasa iinkolelo zakho, kodwa iziganeko eziphikisana nazo ziyalibaleka lula. Ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba le yindlela ingqondo yethu egcina ngayo ulwazi. Oko kukuthi, izinto ezivumelana neenkolelo zethu zikhumbuleka lula.
Le nkumbulo ikhetha icala yeyona nto iphambili ebangela ukuba iingcamango ezingaqhelekanga okanye ukuhlelwa kweentlobo ngeentlobo kuqhubeke kuluntu.
Umzekelo, ucinga ukuba abantu kwindawo ethile banamaqhina kakhulu. Ngoku, nokuba udibana nabantu abalikhulu abathembekileyo nabalungileyo kuloo ndawo, awukhumbuli kakuhle. Kodwa ukuba umntu omnye kuloo ndawo wenza impazamo encinci, uyikhumbula kakuhle uze uthi, "Ndikuxelele, yindlela abantu abanjalo kuloo ndawo," kwaye uluvo lwakho lokuqala luqinisekiswa ngakumbi.
Kutheni ingqondo yethu isebenza ngolu hlobo?
Iingcali zithetha ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo zoku.
- Ulawulo lolwazi olulula: Iingqondo zethu zigcwele ulwazi oluninzi yonke imihla. Ukuhlalutya lonke olu lwazi nzulu kunokuba nzima. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba ukukhetha ukungqinisisa kunceda iingqondo zethu zilungelelanise olu lwazi ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo esinceda senze izigqibo ngokulula.
- Ukwakha ukuzithemba: Xa sifumana ulwazi oluqinisekisa oko sikucingayo ukuba kulungile, luyandisa ukuzithemba kwethu. Ukuziva ngathi "bendilungile" kusenza sonwabe.
- Ukunciphisa ukungavisisani kwengqondo: Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-cognitive dissonance . Luxinzelelo oluvela xa uneengcinga ezimbini eziphikisanayo engqondweni yakho ngaxeshanye. Umzekelo, uyazi ukuba ukutshaya kubangela umhlaza, kodwa uyatshaya. Ezi ngcinga zimbini eziphikisanayo zinokukwenza uzive uxinezelekile. Ukukhetha okuqinisekisiweyo kusebenza ngokunciphisa olu hlobo lwengxabano yengqondo. Oku kuthetha ukuba udla ngokufuna ulwazi oluthethelela izenzo zakho, olufana nokuthi "ukutshaya kunciphisa uxinzelelo," endaweni yezinto ezimbi zokutshaya.
Sinokuyishiya njani le meko?
Ukukhetha abantu ngendlela engafanelekanga yinto esinayo sonke, ngoko ke kunzima ukuyisusa ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa singayiqonda size sizame ukunciphisa impembelelo yayo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kule mihla yeendaba zobuxoki kunye nolwazi olungeyonyani.
Landela amanyathelo alula kwitheyibhile engezantsi.
| Kwenziwe ntoni | Inzuzo yayo |
|---|---|
| Musa ukusekela izigqibo zakho kwisihloko nje kuphela. Funda lonke inqaku. | Izihloko zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukutsala ingqalelo. Kuphela ngokufunda inkcazo epheleleyo apho unokuqonda imeko yokwenyani. |
| Khangela izimvo ezichaseneyo. Funda kwaye umamele zombini into ovumelana nayo nento ongavumelaniyo nayo. | Oku kuya kukunceda ubone yonke into. Kuya kukunceda ulungise uluvo lwakho ukuba aluchanekanga, kwaye uluqinise ukuba luchanekile. |
| Zibuze, "Kutheni ndikholelwa oku?" Fumanisa ukuba loluphi ubungqina obuxhasa uluvo lwakho. | Oku kuya kukunika ulwazi ngenkqubo yakho yokucinga. Ungakholelwa into ethile ngaphandle kwesizathu esivakalayo. |
| Mamela izimvo zabanye abantu, ingakumbi abo bacinga ngendlela eyahlukileyo kweyakho. | Oku kukunika ithuba lokufunda ngezinto ongazange uzicinge. Kukwandisa ulwazi lwakho. |
Ezinye izinto zengqondo ezinxulumene noku
Ukongeza kwiConfirmation Bias, kukho nezinye izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela umbono wethu.
- Isiphumo Sokubuyela Umva: Oku kuxa umntu eveza ubungqina obuchasene noluvo lwakho, endaweni yokulushiya, uqala ukubambelela kulo nangakumbi. Oku kubonakala ngakumbi xa uxoxa kwimidiya yoluntu.
- Isiphumo seHalo:Okwenzekayo apha kukuba ngenxa yophawu olunye oluhle ngomntu okanye into ethile, sicinga ukuba yonke enye into ngaye/loo nto ilungile. Umzekelo, ukuba umntu uthetha ngembeko kakhulu, sicinga ukuba kufuneka athembeke kakhulu kwaye abe netalente. Elo phawu linye ligubungela yonke enye into.
- Ucalucalulo kwiQela: Kulapho sijonga umntu okwiqela elithile size sicinge ukuba naye uneempawu "ezingaqhelekanga" ezinxulumene nelo qela. Umzekelo, sijonga umntu oxhasa iqela elithile lezopolitiko size ngempazamo sicinge ukuba uyavumelana nazo zonke izimvo zelo qela.
Ngokuzazi ezi zinto, singalijonga ihlabathi ngokucacileyo, ngobulungisa, nangobulumko ngakumbi.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukuqinisekiswa Ukukhetha icala yinto eqhelekileyo ezingqondweni zethu sonke. Akusisifo okanye impazamo.
- Olu tyekelo lusenza sifune, sikholelwe, kwaye sikhumbule kuphela ulwazi oluhambelana neenkolelo zethu.
- Kule mihla, olu tyekelo lunokwanda ngakumbi ngenxa yeendaba zoluntu kunye ne-intanethi.
- Inyathelo lokuqala kukukwazi oku. Qonda ukuba oku kunokuchaphazela izigqibo zakho.
- Mamela kwaye ufunde izimvo eziphikisana nezakho. Oku kuya kukunceda wenze izigqibo ezichanekileyo nezilungeleleneyo.
👩🏽⚕️ Imibuzo eyongezelelweyo (Ii-FAQ)
💬 🧐 Ingaba i-'Bathkoora' yimeko embi kakhulu yempilo?
Enyanisweni, akukho sifo sibizwa ngokuba yi-'belly button' kwisayensi yezonyango. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuphuma kwenkaba (i-umbilical hernia) kubantwana abancinci okanye ukuphuma kwesisu ngenxa yobuthathaka bemisipha yesisu yinto abantu bamandulo ababeyibiza ngokuba yi-'belly button'. Oku kuyintsomi kunokuba sisifo.
💬 🤨 Kutheni ke abantu abaninzi besakholelwa kule ntsomi? (Kutheni abantu abaninzi besakholelwa kule ntsomi?)
Isizathu soku yimeko yengqondo esithetha ngayo kweli nqaku elibizwa ngokuba yi-'Confirmation Bias'. Sisalandela ezi ntsomi kuba iingqondo zethu azifuni ukwamkela iinyani zesayensi, zikholelwa kuphela oko sikuva kubantu abadala ukuba kuyinyaniso.
💬 😰 Ngaba amanxeba emveli ayingozi? (Ngaba unyango lwemveli lwe-'Bathkoora' luyingozi?)
Ewe, kuyingozi kakhulu! Ukuba ucinga ukuba unedragonfly kwaye wenzakele esiswini sakho, unokufumana usulelo olunzima. Sisoloko sikhangela ucalucalulo lokuqinisekisa, kodwa kubalulekile ukufuna ngobulumko unobangela wokwenyani wezonyango.
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