Ngaba amayeza athile abangela i-dementia? (Masifunde nge-Anticholinergic Drugs).

Sonke sinoloyiko ndaweni ithile ezintliziyweni zethu lokuba abazali bethu, okanye thina, baza kuqala ukulibala izinto njengoko sikhula. Ingcinga yokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo yethu kunye nokukwazi kwethu ukucinga ngokucacileyo iyoyikisa ngokwenene. Nangona ukwaluphala kuyimbangela ephambili yokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, okanye i-dementia, ngoku kukho enye into ebangela umngcipheko. Oko kukuthi, amanye amayeza esiwasebenzisayo kwizifo ezahlukeneyo.

Zithini ezi mithi ze-anticholinergic?

Ngamafutshane, ii-anticholinergics luhlobo lwamayeza. Zenziwe ngesityalo esibizwa ngokuba yiBelladonna. Esi sityalo sinokuba netyhefu kwiidosi ezithile. Nangona kunjalo, iikhompawundi ezikwesi sityalo ziyakwazi ukulawula, okanye ukuthintela, ukusebenza kwenkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, ngoko ke zisetyenziselwa ukwenza amayeza alawulwayo.

Khawucinge nje, inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo ifana nenethiwekhi yemithambo-luvo esasazeke kuwo wonke umzimba. Ingqondo yethu yeyona ndawo iphambili. Imiyalelo enikwa apho iya kuwo wonke umzimba ngezi seli zemithambo-luvo. Yonke into ukususela ekuhambeni kwethu, ekucingeni, ekubetheni kwentliziyo, ekuphefumleni, ekulaleni, nasekusebenzeni kweemvakalelo zethu ezintlanu ilawulwa yile nkqubo yemithambo-luvo.

Kukho izithunywa zeekhemikhali ezithwala imiyalezo kule nkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Sizibiza ngokuba zii-neurotransmitters. I-Acetylcholine yenye yezithunywa ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ngoko ke, into eyenziwa ngamayeza e-anticholinergic kukuthintela le zithunywa ebizwa ngokuba yi-acetylcholine. Ngaloo ndlela, eminye yemisebenzi yenkqubo yemithambo-luvo iyalawulwa.

Uninzi lwala mayeza lusetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo.

Amanye amayeza asetyenziswa rhoqo

La mayeza eza ngohlobo lweepilisi, amathontsi amehlo, kunye neenaliti. Eminye imizekelo yile:

• I-Diphenhydramine: Olu luhlobo lweyeza elisetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-allergies. Iyeza laseSri Lanka iPiriton liqulethe into efanayo ebizwa ngokuba yi-chlorpheniramine. Ezi zikwakwiqela elifanayo le-anti-cholinergics.
• I-Benztropine: Isetyenziselwa iimpawu zikaParkinson.
• I-Dicycloverine: Isetyenziselwa iintlungu zesisu, ingakumbi kwiimeko ezifana ne-Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).
• I-Oxybutynin: Iyeza elinikwa abantu abanengxaki yokulawula umchamo wabo.
• I-Hyoscyamine: Isetyenziselwa iintlungu zesisu kunye nemisipha yesinyi.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo?

I-Dementia ligama eliqhelekileyo elisetyenziselwa uluhlu lweemeko ezichaphazela ubuchule bomntu bokucinga, ukukhumbula, okanye ukwenza izigqibo. Ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala.

Le meko inokuchaphazela umntu:

• Ubuchule bokugxila
• Ukuthetha nabanye (unxibelelwano)
• Ukukwazi ukukhetha okulungileyo kokungalunganga (ubukrelekrele bokuzikhethela)
• Inkumbulo
• Ubuchule bokucinga ngengqiqo nokusombulula iingxaki

Ngamanye amaxesha, iintlobo zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo ezifana ne-Alzheimer's zinokubangela utshintsho kubuntu bomntu kunye nokuziphatha kwakhe.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba ne-dementia?

• Ubudala: Ukwaluphala yeyona nto iphambili ebangela umngcipheko.
• Isifo sentliziyo: Abantu abanembali yoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, i-cholesterol ephezulu, kunye nesifo sohlangothi basengozini enkulu yokuba ne-dementia.
• I-genetics: Ukuba ilungu losapho olusondeleyo likhe lanesifo i-Alzheimer's, umngcipheko wakho wokuba naso unokunyuka nge-10% - 30%.
• Ukulimala Engqondweni Okubuhlungu: Ukulimala entloko okuqatha okanye okungapheliyo nako kunokunyusa umngcipheko.

Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha oku kulahlekelwa yinkumbulo kunokuba yinto yexeshana. Amanye amayeza, ukungabikho kweevithamini, kunye nokungalingani kweehomoni ze-thyroid nako kunokubangela ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo yexeshana.

Ngaba ke eli yeza libangela i-dementia ngokwenene?

Abaphandi benze uphando olukhulu ukuze bafumane impendulo. Olu yayiluphando lweminyaka elishumi. Malunga nabantu abangama-3,500 abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala bathathe inxaxheba koku. Akukho namnye kwaba bantu owayenesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo xa kwaqalwa olu phando.

Abaphandi bagcina iirekhodi zazo zonke amayeza athatyathwe ngabathathi-nxaxheba, lawo anikwe ngugqirha kunye nalawo afumaneka ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha, njenge-piridine. Bavavanye izakhono zokukhumbula kunye nokucinga zabathathi-nxaxheba rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini.

Ekupheleni kolu phando, abantu abangama-797 kubathathi-nxaxheba babesele benesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Kubo, abangama-637 babenesifo sika-Alzheimer.

Xa behlalutya olu lwazi, abaphandi bafumanise into emangalisayo. Bafumanise unxibelelwano olubalulekileyo phakathi kwabantu abasebenzisa amayeza okulwa ne-cholinergic kunye nabo banesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo . Bafumanise nokuba okukhona umntu ewasebenzisa ixesha elide la mayeza, kokukhona umngcipheko wakhe wokuba nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo uphezulu .

Kutheni oku kusenzeka?

Enye yeengcinga eziphambili kukuba inento yokwenza ne-neurotransmitter acetylcholine, engaphantsi ngokwendalo kwiingqondo zabantu abanesifo se-Alzheimer. Enyanisweni, amanye amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo se-Alzheimer asebenza ngokunyusa inani le-acetylcholine engqondweni.

Ngoko ke, amayeza okulwa ne-cholinergic ayayithintela i-acetylcholine messenger, ngoko ke abaphandi bacinga ukuba yiyo loo nto. Kodwa uphando oluthe kratya luyadingeka ngale nto.