Ngaba wakha wambona umntu ebaleka esibhedlele exhalabile, efuna igazi kakhulu? Mhlawumbi kuye kwenzeka kumhlobo okanye kwisalamane sakho. Ngamaxesha anje apho siqonda ngokwenene ukubaluleka kokunikela ngegazi. Ukunikela ngegazi yeyona nto ibalulekileyo onokuyenza ukusindisa ubomi bomntu, ngaphandle kweendleko, ngomzamo omncinci. Ngoko ke ukuba ucinga ngokunikela ngegazi, ungafumana iimpendulo kuyo yonke imibuzo yakho ngalo kweli nqaku. Masithethe ngalo ngokulula.
Zithini iingenelo zokunikela ngegazi?
Kukho iingenelo ezimbini eziphambili zokunikela ngegazi. Eyokuqala sisipho sobomi kumntu ofuna igazi. Eyesibini zizibonelelo zempilo nezengqondo kuwe njengomnikeli.
Iingenelo kwabanye
Khawucinge nje ukuba zingaphi iimpilo onokuzisindisa ngengxowa enye yegazi onikela ngayo.
- Kwabo baye bafumana iingozi: Igazi lakho lingasindisa ubomi bomntu olahlekelwe ligazi elininzi kwingozi enkulu kwaye usengozini.
- Kwabo benza utyando olukhulu: Utyando olukhulu olufana notyando lwentliziyo kunye notyando lwe-bypass lufuna igazi elininzi.
- Koomama abakhulelweyo: Kungasindisa ubomi bomama opha kakhulu ngenxa yeengxaki ngexesha lokubeleka.
- Kwizigulane ezinomhlaza: Ezinye iintlobo zonyango lomhlaza kunye nomhlaza zinciphisa amandla omzimba okuvelisa igazi. Basenokufuna utofelo-gazi oluqhubekayo.
- Kubantu abanezifo zegazi ezifana neThalassemia: Abantu abanezi zifo kufuneka baqhubeke nokufakwa igazi ukuze baphile.
Iingenelo zokunikela ngegazi
- Ukunciphisa amanqanaba esinyithi agqithisileyo emzimbeni: Ukuba nesinyithi esingaphezulu kunokuba kuyimfuneko emzimbeni akuyonto ilungileyo. Ekubeni isinyithi sisuswa emzimbeni kunye neeseli ezibomvu zegazi xa kunikelwa ngegazi, oku kunceda ukulinganisela amanqanaba esinyithi emzimbeni.
- Amanqanaba e-cholesterol kunye ne-triglyceride aphucukileyo: Ezinye izifundo zifumanise ukuba abantu abanikela ngegazi rhoqo banamanqanaba aphantsi e-cholesterol embi (i-LDL cholesterol) kunye ne-triglycerides.
- Ulonwabo lwengqondo kunye nokwaneliseka: Ukuziva usindisa ubomi bomntu ongamaziyo ngaphandle kokulindela nantoni na njengembuyekezo akunakulinganiswa. Ulonwabo lwengqondo oluvela kuyo lukhulu kakhulu.
Zithini iimfaneleko zokunikela ngegazi?
Asinguye wonke umntu onokunikela ngegazi. Kufuneka uhlangabezane neemfaneleko ezithile. Oku kungenxa yokhuseleko lwakho, lomnikeli, kunye nesigulana esifumana igazi.
| Ukufaneleka | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ubudala | Kufuneka ube phakathi kweminyaka eli-18 nengama-60 ubudala. |
| Ubunzima | Kufuneka ubunzima bayo bube ziikhilogram ezingama-50 (ubuncinane iikhilogram ezingama-50). |
| Imeko yempilo | Kufuneka ube sempilweni entle. Awunakuba nazo naziphi na izifo ezifana nomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, okanye ukukhwehlela ngelo xesha. |
| Ukulala | Ufanele ulale kakuhle (ubuncinane iiyure ezi-6) ngobusuku obungaphambi kokuba unikele ngegazi. |
| Ixesha eliphakathi kokunikela ngegazi | Ukuba unikela ngegazi elipheleleyo, kufuneka ulinde ubuncinane iinyanga ezi-4 emva kokunikela kube kanye ngaphambi kokuba uphinde unikele. |
Ukongeza koku, ibhanki yegazi iya kubuza nangamayeza owasebenzisayo, naziphi na izifo ezingapheliyo onazo (umz. isifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu), naluphi na utyando olwenzekileyo kutshanje, kunye nazo naziphi na iitattoo onazo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphendula yonke le mibuzo ngenyaniso .
Yenzeka njani yonke le nkqubo yokunikela ngegazi?
Yonke le nkqubo ithatha malunga neyure. Kodwa ukutsalwa kwegazi ngokoqobo kuthatha malunga nemizuzu esi-8 ukuya kweli-10 kuphela. Oku kunokwahlulwahlulwa kube ngamanyathelo ama-4.
1. Ubhaliso
Xa usiya kwindawo yokunikela ngegazi (ibhanki yegazi okanye inkampu ephathwayo), kufuneka uqale ubhalise ngokunika igama lakho, idilesi, njl. Qiniseka ukuba uzisa isazisi sakho.
2. Imbali Yezonyango kunye Nezinto Ezincinci Eziphathekayo
Okulandelayo, ugqirha okanye umongikazi oqeqeshiweyo uza kukubuza imibuzo embalwa malunga nempilo yakho. Le mibuzo iyimfihlo kakhulu. Ngoko ke ungoyiki ukuthetha inyani. Emva koko kuya kuhlolwa ubushushu bakho, uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo. Emva koko, kuya kwenziwa uvavanyo "lokuhlaba ngomnwe" olwaziwayo. Oku kuya kujonga ukuba inqanaba lakho le-hemoglobin (isinyithi) egazini lakho liphezulu ngokwaneleyo na ukunikela ngegazi.
Igazi olinikelayo livavanywa ngokuqatha ngaphambi kokuba linikwe nabani na. Livavanywa izifo ezininzi, kuquka i-HIV, i-hepatitis B kunye ne-C, kunye ne-syphilis. Ngoko ke akukho sizathu sokukhathazeka ngokhuseleko lwalo.
3. Umnikelo
Ukuba uhlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno, uya kulaliswa ebhedini ekhululekileyo. Ilungu labasebenzi eliqeqeshiweyo liya kufumana umthambo engalweni yakho, licoce loo ndawo kakuhle, lize lifake inaliti entsha, ehlanjululweyo emthanjeni. Oku kuya kuvakala ngathi kukuluma okuncinci, njengokulunywa imbovane encinci. Uya kukwazi ukuphumla kamnandi imizuzu esi-8 ukuya kweli-10 ngelixa ingxowa yegazi igcwalisa. Kuza kuthatyathwa iimililitha ezingama-450 kuphela (malunga nepayinti enye) yegazi.
Ngamanye amaxesha, unganikela ngeeplatelets okanye iplasma egazini lakho kuphela. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-apheresis. Le nkqubo ithatha malunga neeyure ezimbini.
4. Ukuphumla kunye neziselo
Nje ukuba igazi litsalwe, kuya kufakwa iplasta encinci phezu kwendawo ebhoboziweyo kwaye uya kucelwa ukuba uphumle imizuzu eli-10-15. Okwangoku, uya kunikwa ibhisikithi kunye nesiselo (njengebhokisi yobisi) ukuze usele. Oku kuya kunceda umzimba wakho ukuba ufumane ezinye zezinto ezilahlekileyo kunye namandla.
Yintoni omele uyenze emva kokunikela ngegazi?
Akukho miphumo mibi emva kokunikela ngegazi. Kodwa kufuneka ulumke ngezinto ezincinci.
- Sela amanzi amaninzi: Sela amanzi amaninzi kunye nezinye izinto ezilulwelo (hayi utywala) kangangeeyure ezingama-24-48 emva kokunikela ngegazi.
- Kuphephe ukusebenza nzima: Kuphephe ukuphakamisa iintsimbi, ukwenza umthambo, okanye ukwenza umsebenzi onzima, nokuba kungosuku olo.
- Ukuba uziva unesiyezi kancinci: Ukuba uziva ngaloo ndlela, hlala phantsi okanye ulale okwethutyana. Loo mvakalelo iza kuphela ekuhambeni kwexesha.
- Ukuba igazi liphuma kwindawo ebhoboziweyo: Bamba loo ndawo ngesandla sakho okwethutyana. Phakamisa ingalo yakho kancinci.
- Ukuba ufumana inxeba: Ngamanye amaxesha indawo apho inxeba livele khona inokuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, faka ipakethe yomkhenkce kuloo ndawo.
Ukuba uyazilungisa ezi zinto, awuyi kuba nangxaki. Ukuba uneengxaki, ungoyiki ukuthetha nabantu abakwibhanki yegazi okanye ugqirha wakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukunikela ngegazi yinkqubo ekhuselekileyo nelula kakhulu. Musa ukuyoyika ngokungeyomfuneko.
- Ithontsi legazi olinikelayo linokusindisa ubomi bomntu bonke.
- Ngaphambi kokuba unikele ngegazi, zilungiselele ngokusela amanzi amaninzi, utye isidlo esimnandi, kwaye ulale ngokwaneleyo.
- Soloko uphendula imibuzo malunga nempilo yakho ngokunyaniseka. Ibaluleke kakhulu kukhuseleko lwakho nolwesigulana.
- Landela imiyalelo enikiweyo emva kokunikela ngegazi ngokuchanekileyo.
- Ekugqibeleni, ukwaneliseka okubangelwa kukunikela ngegazi akunakuthelekiswa nanto.
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