Nokuba unesifo somkhuhlane okanye isisu esibuhlungu, sidla ngokuthi, "Kufuneka ukuba kukho iintsholongwane ezithile." Zithini kanye kanye ezi 'ntsholongwane'? Ngamafutshane, nayiphi na intsholongwane engena emizimbeni yethu kwaye ibangele izifo ibizwa ngokuba yi-pathogen, okanye ngesiNgesi, 'i-pathogen.' Nangona singenakuzibona, zininzi kakhulu ezisingqongileyo. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngezi ntsholongwane, indlela ezisebenza ngayo, kunye nendlela yokuhlala siphilile kuzo.
Ngoobani aba bantu babangela izifo?
Xa sicinga ngeentsholongwane, uninzi lwabantu lucinga ngeentsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya. Kodwa eneneni kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane. Ihlabathi lethu lizele zezi ntsholongwane. Izazinzulu zithi kukho iintsholongwane ezininzi eMhlabeni kuneenkwenkwezi kwindalo iphela. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, linani elincinci kakhulu lezi ntsholongwane ezonakalisa impilo yethu. Ezinye zisinceda nathi.
Ezi zezona ntlobo ziphambili zezifo ezisibangela izifo.
| Uhlobo lwesifo esibangela izifo | Ingcaciso elula kunye nemizekelo |
|---|---|
| Iintsholongwane | Aba bantu abanakuphila bodwa. Ngokuqinisekileyo bafuna iseli ephilayo efana neyethu ukuze ikhule (isuleleke). Imizekelo: iintsholongwane ezibangela umkhuhlane, i-dengue, kunye ne-COVID-19. |
| Iintsholongwane | Ezi zizinto eziphilayo ezineseli enye. Ezinye iintsholongwane zilungile kuthi, kodwa ezinye zibangela izifo. Imizekelo: iintsholongwane ezibangela umkhuhlane wetyphoid, isifo sephepha, kunye nosulelo lomchamo. |
| Iifungi | Ezi zezona zibangela izifo zolusu ezifana ne-eczema, i-psoriasis, kunye ne-ringworm. |
| Iprotozoa | Ezi zizinto eziphilayo ezineseli enye, kodwa zinkulu kancinci kuneebhaktheriya. Imizekelo: Ezi zezona zibangela izifo ezifana nemalariya kunye nesigulo sokulala. |
| Iintsholongwane | Izinto eziphilayo ezihlala emizimbeni yethu okanye ngaphakathi kuthi kwaye zisondla. Imizekelo: iintwala, iimpethu, ii-hookworms. |
Ezi ntsholongwane zisigulisa njani?
Kukho umahluko omncinci kwindlela ezi pathogens ezingena ngayo emizimbeni yethu kwaye zisebenza ngayo. Makhe sijonge iindlela ezimbini eziphambili.
1. Iintsholongwane ezibangela izifo: Cinga nje, olu hlobo lwabantu lunokuphila luze luzale ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho, kwaye lunokuphila nakwindawo engaphandle, njengakwisivalo somnyango, etafileni, njl. Ngoko ke kunzima kancinci ukuziphepha.
2. Zibophezele iintsholongwane: Ezi kufuneka zibe nomninimzi oneseli ephilayo efana nawe ukuze zikwazi ukuzosulela. Azinakusinda kwaye zosulele ngokwazo kwindalo esingqongileyo. Zonke iintsholongwane ziphantsi kweli qela.
Kwakhona, ezinye iintsholongwane zifuna umlamli ukuze zidlule ukusuka komnye umntu ziye komnye. Umzekelo, intsholongwane yedengue ingena emizimbeni yethu ngengcongconi. Apha, ingcongconi ngumlamli.
Ezinye iintsholongwane zisebenzisa ithuba lenkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba. Xa sithimla, sikhohlela, okanye sikhupha indle, iintsholongwane emizimbeni yethu zenza indlela yokuba abanye bosulele.
Oko kukuthi, xa intsholongwane ingena emzimbeni, yonakalisa iiseli zethu kwaye ivelise iityhefu. Ngamanye amaxesha inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba iya kulwa nale ntsholongwane, yonakalise neeseli zethu eziphilileyo.
Zidluliselwa njani izifo ezibangela iintsholongwane?
Le yinto esiyaziyo sonke, kodwa musa ukucinga kakhulu ngayo. Iintsholongwane zisasazeka ngemikhwa yethu yemihla ngemihla.
- Ngezandla: Xa uthimla okanye ukhohlela, ubeka isandla sakho emlonyeni wakho. Emva koko uvula ucango ngeso sandla sinye, uchukumise ucingo ebhasini, okanye uxhawule omnye umntu. Emva koko iintsholongwane ezandleni zakho zinokudluliselwa ngokulula kwezinye iindawo nakwabanye abantu.
- Ngokutya: Xa ulungisa okanye utya ukutya ngezandla ezingcolileyo, iintsholongwane zinokungena emzimbeni wakho. Kwakhona, ukuba utya imifuno eluhlaza kunye neziqhamo ezingahlanjwanga kakuhle, okanye ukuba utya inyama nentlanzi engaphekwanga kakuhle, iintsholongwane zinokungena emzimbeni wakho.
- Ngezilwanyana: Ukuba awuzihlambi kakuhle izandla zakho emva kokuphatha isilwanyana sasekhaya, ungasidlulisela iintsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya kuthi. Izilwanyana ezifana neempuku kunye neempuku nazo zisasaza izifo ezininzi.
- Emanzini:Ukusela amanzi angcolileyo, anganyangwanga kunokusasaza izifo ezifana nekholera kunye netyphoid, kunye neentsholongwane ezibangela izifo ezinzulu zorhudo ezifana ne-giardiasis kunye ne-cryptosporidium.
Amatyala afuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo
Khawuthelekelele ukuba uza kucoca indlu endala, indawo yokugcina impahla, okanye indawo efana ne "wee-bin" evaliweyo okwethutyana. Kusenokubakho iimpuku kwiindawo ezinjalo. Izidumbu zazo kunye nomchamo zinokuxutywa nothuli. Ukuphefumla olu thuli kunokukhokelela ekusulelekeni yintsholongwane eyingozi njenge- hantavirus . Ke ngoko , ngaphambi kokuba ungene kwindawo enjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvula iingcango neefestile kakuhle ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ukuze ufumane umoya .
Ngoko ke uzikhusela njani kwaba bantu?
Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo. Kukho izinto ezilula, kodwa ezisebenzayo kakhulu esinokuzenza ukuze sizikhusele kwiintsholongwane.
- Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo: Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo . Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi ubuncinane imizuzwana engama-20 ngaphambi kokulungisa ukutya, ngaphambi kokutya, emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, emva kokutshintsha inapkeni yomntwana, emva kokuphatha isilwanyana, naxa ubuya ekhaya uvela ngaphandle.
- Sebenzisa isicoci sezandla: Xa isepha namanzi zingafumaneki, ungasebenzisa isicoci sezandla esine-60% yotywala ubuncinane . Abo banotywala obuncinci basenokungazibulali iintsholongwane.
- Ukhuseleko lokutya: Hlamba imifuno neziqhamo kakuhle. Pheka inyama, intlanzi, namaqanda kakuhle. Gcina ukutya okuphekiweyo nokungaphekwanga ngokwahlukeneyo.
- Sela amanzi acocekileyo: Soloko usela amanzi abilisiwe okanye acociweyo. Ingakumbi xa uhamba ngeenyawo okanye usehlathini, ukuba usela amanzi avela emlanjeni, qiniseka ukuba uyawacoca ngaphambi kokuba uwasele.
- Xa ukhohlela okanye uthimla: Gquma umlomo wakho nempumlo yakho ngengqiniba yakho okanye ngethishu. Ukuba usebenzisa ithishu, yilahle emgqomeni ngoko nangoko.
- Ukuba uyagula: Hlala ekhaya kangangoko unako. Oku kuya kunceda ukuthintela ukusasazwa kwesi sifo sakho kwabanye.
Ngaba zonke iintsholongwane zimbi? Hayi, kukho ezinye ezisincedayo!
Akukho mfuneko yokoyika intsholongwane. Siyibiza ngokuba 'yintsholongwane' kuphela xa ibangela izifo. Kukho abahlobo abaninzi abangengobungozi beentsholongwane abasincedayo.
- Iintsholongwane ezilungileyo: Kukho iibhiliyoni zeentsholongwane eziluncedo emathunjini akho. Zisinceda sitye ukutya esikutyayo, zenze iivithamini, kwaye zisikhusele kwiintsholongwane ezimbi. Ezi ntsholongwane zilungileyo zifumaneka kwizinto ezifana nobisi olungenamafutha kunye neyogathi.
- Ifungi eluncedo: Imvubelo yifungus esetyenziselwa ukwenza isonka. Amakhowa esiwatyayo nawo yifungus. Kwakhona, ipenicillin, i-antibiotic eyatshintsha ihlabathiYenziwe kumngundo `Penicillium notatum`.
- Iintsholongwane ezincedisayo: Oku kusenokuvakala kungaqhelekanga. Izazinzulu ngoku zisebenzisa iintsholongwane ukunyanga ezinye izifo. Kubizwa ngokuba lunyango lwezakhi zofuzo . Into abayenzayo kukususa inxalenye yentsholongwane ebangela isifo baze bayifake endaweni yayo ulwazi olufanelekileyo lwezakhi zofuzo (i-DNA) olufunekayo ukunyanga esi sifo. Emva koko intsholongwane ingena kwiiseli zethu ize ihambise loo jini ilungileyo kwiiseli zethu. Kufana nenkonzo yokuhambisa ephethe amayeza. Oku kusetyenziswa kuphando ukunyanga izifo ezifana nomhlaza nesifo sentliziyo.
Ngoko ke, iintsholongwane ziyinxalenye yobomi bethu. Ukuba uyazi kwaye ulandela imikhwa emihle yempilo, akunzima kangako ukuhlala usempilweni kwaye uziphephe. Ukuba ufumana usulelo rhoqo okanye unamathandabuzo malunga naziphi na iimpawu, qiniseka ukuba uqhagamshelana nogqirha wakho .
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Iintsholongwane ziintsholongwane ezingena emizimbeni yethu kwaye zibangele izifo, ezifana neentsholongwane, iibhaktheriya kunye nefungi.
- Ezi zisasazeka kakhulu zizandla ezingcolileyo, ukutya, amanzi, nomoya.
- Eyona ndlela ilula neyona ilungileyo yokuzikhusela kwiintsholongwane kukuhlamba izandla zakho rhoqo ngesepha namanzi.
- Ayizizo zonke iintsholongwane ezimbi. Kukwakho neentsholongwane ezininzi eziluncedo ezinceda imizimba yethu.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ukuba kukho naziphi na iimpawu ongaziqondiyo okanye ukuba ufumana usulelo oluqhelekileyo.
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