Ngaba ukhe weva ngesifo esichaphazela iindawo ezimhlophe zobuchopho bakho (iSifo seMhlophe)? Makhe sithethe ngaso!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uvakalelwa kukuba inkumbulo yakho iya isiba mandundu njengoko ukhula? Okanye uvakalelwa kukuba unezinto ezilinganiselweyo xa uhamba okanye usenza izinto? Ezi zisenokuba zizinto eziqhelekileyo eziza nokukhula. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha kunokubakho isizathu sezi mpawu ekufuneka uziqaphele ngakumbi. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko echaphazela umba omhlophe wobuchopho bethu.

Sisiphi esi sifo sichaphazela iindawo ezimhlophe zobuchopho (iSifo seMhlophe)?

Ngamafutshane, ligama eliqhelekileyo elithetha umonakalo kunye notshintsho kwi-white matter engqondweni yethu. Cinga ngale white matter njengenethiwekhi "yeendlela ezinkulu" ezidibanisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho bethu, kunye nengqondo kunye nomqolo. Iingxaki ziqala xa ezi "ndlela zinkulu" zonakele.

Le meko ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba sisifo semithambo emincinci yobuchopho okanye isifo semithambo emincinci . Inokwenzeka ngokwaluphala kunye notshintsho kwimithambo yegazi kwinxalenye emhlophe yobuchopho. Inokuba buthathaka, ibe phakathi, okanye ibe qatha .

Xa into yakho emhlophe yonakele, iba sisilonda sento emhlophe . Oogqirha banokuzibona ezi ndawo zikhanyayo kwi-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan yobuchopho. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi zilonda zisenokungabangeli naziphi na iimpawu ezinkulu, kwaye "kuqhelekile" ukuba nezinye zazo njengoko sikhula. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izilonda zingonakalisa "iindlela ezinkulu" ezibalulekileyo engqondweni, zibangele iingxaki ngenkumbulo, ukulinganisela, kunye nokuhamba .

Ngokwesiqhelo, abantu abanezilonda ezininzi ze-white matter (oko kukuthi, isifo se-white matter esininzi) badla ngokuba neempawu ezininzi .

Esi sifo se-white matter sinxulunyaniswa kakhulu nezinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo . Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba sisibonakaliso se-biomarker esibonisa umngcipheko we -stroke, i-dementia, kunye nokukhubazeka ubomi bonke.

Yintoni kanye kanye le nto imhlophe?

I-White matter yinethiwekhi enkulu yee-nerve fibers (axons) ebuchotsheni bethu. Kulapho ulwazi lutshintshiselwa khona kwaye unxibelelwano lwenzeka phakathi kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo obuchopho. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-"white matter" kuba le mithambo-luvo ijikelezwe yi-sheath ekhuselayo ebizwa ngokuba yi-myelin . Kungenxa yaloo myelin ukuba le tissue ifumane umbala wayo omhlophe.

Ingqondo yakho inento engwevu kumphezulu nakwiindawo ezinzulu. Ifumana umbala wayo ongwevu kwimizimba yeeseli zeeseli zemithambo-luvo (ii-neurons).

Ukuze izinto zethu ezimhlophe zibe sempilweni, zidinga igazi elineleyo kunye nezondlo ezifanelekileyo .

Njengokuba ingca egadini yethu ifuna amanzi, ukukhanya kwelanga, kunye nereyikhi ukuze ihlale ibukeka intle, ulwelo olumhlophe olusebuchotsheni lunokonakala ukuba alunazo izixa zegazi ezifanelekileyo kunye nesondlo.

Ukuncipha kwegazi (okwaziwa ngokwezonyango ngokuba yi-ischemia ) kunye nokuncipha kwezondlo kunokonakalisa ezi ntambo zemithambo-luvo. Zinokudumba, ziqhekeke, okanye zife ngokupheleleyo.

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu sesi sifo se-white matter?

Nangona inokuvela nakubani na, ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala kunye nabo banesifo sentliziyo .

Abanye abantu abaselula, umzekelo abo baneengxaki ezifana ne -migraines , banokuba nezilonda ezimbalwa ezimhlophe kwi-MRI scan yengqondo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokukhula kunye nokwanda kwezinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo, inani lezi zilonda lisenokunyuka.

Abanye abantu basenokuba namathuba amaninzi okufumana esi sifo ngenxa yezinto ezibangela umngcipheko kwimfuza .

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Isifo se-White matter sisifo esixhaphakileyo , sichaphazela abantu abangaphezu kwesiqingatha abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-60 ubudala.

Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo se-white matter?

Nazi ezinye iimpawu ezinokubonakala kule meko:

• Iingxaki zememori .
• Ukuhamba kancinci .
• Iingxaki zokulinganisela kunye nokuwa rhoqo .
• Ubunzima bokwenza izinto ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ngaxeshanye , umzekelo, ukuhamba ngelixa uthetha.
• Ukutshintshatshintsha kweemvakalelo , iimeko ezifana nokudakumba .
• Ubunzima bokulawula umchamo (ukungakwazi ukuzibamba komchamo) .

Ezi mpawu zixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abanesifo esiqatha .

Kodwa khumbula, uninzi lwezi mpawu zinokubangelwa lutshintsho oluqhelekileyo oluza nokwaluphala, okanye zezinye iimeko zonyango ezifana ne -arthritis, i-diabetes-associated neuropathy, i-Alzheimer's dementia, okanye i-sleeping . Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ezi mpawu zibonakala kwaye zisiba mandundu ngokukhawuleza, yingxaki ekufuneka iqwalaselwe.

Ngamanye amaxesha, isifo se-white matter sifunyanwa ngengozi ngexesha le-MRI yengqondo ngesinye isizathu. Abanye abantu banokuba naso kodwa bangabonakalisi zimpawu (ezingenazimpawu). Kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ukuze ubone ukuba iimpawu zakho zibangelwa sisifo se-white matter okanye zesinye isizathu.

Yintoni ebangela esi sifo se-white matter?

Abaphandi basaphanda ngesi sifo kunye nezizathu zaso. Okwangoku, bakholelwa ukuba ukuncipha okungapheliyo kokuhamba kwegazi kwimicu yemithambo-luvo kwi-white matter yimbangela.Oku kungenxa yokuba ezi fayibha zonakele.

Njengoko sikhula, imithambo yethu yemithambo iba lukhuni kwaye inganwebeki kangako . Oku kunokunciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwimithambo-luvo esebuchotsheni kwaye konakalise ulwelo olumhlophe.

Ingabangelwa nayimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi -atherosclerosis . Oku kwenzeka xa i-plaque iqokelelana ngaphakathi kwimithambo yethu ngokuhamba kwexesha, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iindonga zemithambo ziqine kwaye ziqine. Oku kunokuchaphazela nayiphi na imithambo emzimbeni, kuquka nemithambo esebuchotsheni.

Ukuba nezinto ezibangela umngcipheko wentliziyo, ezinje ngoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, amanqanaba aphezulu eswekile egazini ngenxa yesifo seswekile, i-cholesterol ephezulu ekutyeni, kunye nokutshaya , kunokunyusa inani lezilonda ezimhlophe engqondweni yakho.

Ezinye izizathu zezilonda ezimhlophe

Nayiphi na inkqubo ebangela utshintsho kwimilo yeekhemikhali zemithambo-luvo egqunywe yi-myelin, umonakalo, okanye ukuncipha kokunikezelwa kwegazi (ischemia), inokuvela njengezilonda ezimhlophe kwi-MRI scan.

Nangona isifo se-white matter singumxube wezilonda ze-white matter ezibangelwa ziingxaki zemithambo yegazi, unokufumana nezilonda ezincinci ze-white matter ngezinye izizathu. Umzekelo, ezi zilonda zinokubonakala kwizifo zokudumba ezisusa i-myelin njenge- multiple sclerosis (MS) nakwimeko zemfuza ezifana ne -leukodystrophy .

Oogqirha abanjengoogqirha bezifo zengqondo kunye neengcali ze-neuroradiology badla ngokwahlula phakathi kwesifo se-white matter kunye nezinye izizathu zezilonda ngokusekwe kwindawo ezikuyo engqondweni kwi-MRI scan. Ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka uvavanyo olongezelelweyo ukuze kuchongwe unobangela ochanekileyo wezilonda ze-white matter ezibonwe kwi-MRI scan.

Sifunyaniswa njani esi sifo se-white matter?

Eyona ndlela iphambili yokuxilonga esi sifo kukusebenzisa i -magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan yobuchopho . I-MRI scan luvavanyo olungenabuhlungu oluvelisa imifanekiso ecacileyo yamalungu ahlukeneyo omzimba. Umatshini we-MRI usebenzisa imagnethi enkulu, amaza erediyo, kunye nekhompyutha ukuvelisa le mifanekiso ineenkcukacha, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa nayiphi na imitha (akukho X-rays).

Iiskeni zeBrain MRI zinokunceda oogqirha babone ubungakanani bomonakalo kwi-white matter yengqondo yakho kunye nokuchonga isifo se-white matter.

Utshintsho lwento emhlophe lubonakala njengezilonda kwi-MRI. Olu tshintsho lwento emhlophe lunokubhalwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwingxelo ye-MRI:

• Isifo okanye izilonda ze-cerebral okanye ze-subcortical white matter.
• Isifo se-Microvascular.
• Utshintsho lwezinto ezimhlophe ezingachazwanga ngqo.
• Uxinzelelo lwe-T2 (ukulimala).

Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha wakho unokubona iimpawu zesifo se-white matter ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo ze-MRI scan owawunayo ngenxa yesinye isifo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela i-MRI ukuba akafumani esinye isizathu esicacileyo seempawu zakho, njengeengxaki zokulinganisela kunye nenkumbulo.

Nangona kukho ezinye iimvavanyo zokujonga imifanekiso, ezifana ne -CT scans (Computed Tomography scans) , i-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) inomgangatho ongcono womfanekiso kunye novakalelo lokufumanisa isifo se-white matter.

Xa efumanisa esi sifo, ugqirha wakho unokwenza uvavanyo lwemithambo-luvo ukuze ahlole iimpawu zakho.

Ngenxa yokuba isifo se-white matter sinxulunyaniswa nezinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi olufana nolu ukuze ahlole umngcipheko wakho:

• Iphaneli epheleleyo yemetabolism .
• Iphaneli yeLipid (jonga amanqanaba e-cholesterol).
• Uvavanyo lwe-hemoglobin yeGlycosylated (HbA1c) (jonga imeko yesifo seswekile).

Sinyangwa njani esi sifo se-white matter?

Xa benyanga esi sifo, oogqirha bagxila kakhulu ekulawuleni iimpawu kunye nokulawula izinto ezinobungozi ezinxulumene nesifo sentliziyo.

Ukunyanga iingxaki zempilo ezifihlakeleyo, ezinje ngoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo seswekile, kunye ne-cholesterol ephezulu, kunye nokuyeka ukutshaya, kunokunceda ukuthintela ezinye izilonda ezimhlophe emzimbeni .

Nangona kungekho ndlela zonyango zokulungisa izinto ezimhlophe esele zonakele, abantu abaneengxaki zempilo ezingalawulekiyo badla ngokujongana nomonakalo omkhulu wezinto ezimhlophe kunye nokukhubazeka.

Unyango lweempawu ze-white matter

• Unyango lomzimba : Oku kunokunceda kwiingxaki zokulinganisela nokuhamba ezibangelwa sisifo se-white matter. Kukwabandakanya imfundo kunye nonyango lokuthintela ukuwa.
• Unyango lwengqondo kunye nonyango lwengqondo : Kwiingxaki zempilo yengqondo ezifana nokudakumba, iimpawu zingalawulwa ngokuthetha nogqirha wengqondo , kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, ngokufumana amayeza okudakumba kugqirha wengqondo .
• Ukungakwazi ukuzibamba komchamo : Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango zoku, kuquka amayeza, utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, kunye neenkqubo ezithile zonyango.

Ulawulo lwezinto ezinobungozi kwizifo zentliziyo

Ukulawula izinto ezinobungozi ezinxulumene nesifo sentliziyo kunokunceda ukulawula ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo sentliziyo esimhlophe kunye nokuthintela iziganeko ezisongela ubomi zentliziyo ezifana nestroke.

Unyango olunceda ukulawula izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo luquka:

• Amayeza kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila ukugcina uxinzelelo lwegazi lusempilweni.
• Ulawulo lwesifo seswekile (ukuba unesifo seswekile).
• Ukulawula amanqanaba e-cholesterol ngokusebenzisa amayeza kunye nokutshintsha indlela yokuphila .
• Ukuzilolonga rhoqo .
• Kuphephe ukutshaya .
• Ukuphepha ukusebenzisa utywala .
• Amayeza okulwa neeplatelet (la liqela lamayeza athintela iiseli zegazi ukuba zinganamatheli ndawonye kwaye zenze amahlwili egazi).
• Iistatini (nokuba amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol aqhelekile, ezi zinokunceda ekunciphiseni ukudumba kwimithambo yegazi).

Ngabaphi oogqirha abanyanga esi sifo se-white matter?

Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho kunye nemeko yakho, ungabonana nomnye okanye ngaphezulu kwaba gqirha ukuze banyange iimpawu zesifo se-white matter kwaye bajonge ukuqhubeka kwaso:

• Ingcali yezifo zengqondo
• Ugqirha wakho wosapho (umboneleli weenkonzo zokhathalelo oluphambili)
• Ingcali yonyango lomzimba
• Ugqirha wezonyango emsebenzini
• Ingcali yefiziksi
• Ingcali yentliziyo
• Ingcali yoMchamo
• Ingcali yezengqondo kunye/okanye ingcali yezengqondo

Ngaba esi sifo sezinto ezimhlophe singathintelwa?

Izifundo zibonisa ukuba abantu abanesifo sentliziyo basengozini enkulu yokufumana isifo sentliziyo.

Izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo zezi:

• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu)
• I-cholesterol ephezulu (i-Hyperlipidemia, i-Dyslipidemia)
• Ukutshaya
• Isifo seswekile esingalawulwa kakuhle

Kukho izinto onokuzenza ukulawula ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo. Izifundo zibonise ukuba ukulawula ezi zinto zinobungozi, ezinje ngokuthatha amayeza, ukwenza utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, kunye/okanye ukuyeka ukutshaya, kunokunceda ekuthinteleni ukwakheka kwezilonda ezintsha ezimhlophe.

Ithini ingxelo yokubikezela isifo sezinto ezimhlophe?

Isifo se-White matter sisifo esibanzi esinokwahluka ukusuka kwesincinci ukuya kwesinzima kwi-MRI. Iimpawu ezinxulumene naso zinokuhluka ukusuka kwesincinci ukuya kwesinzima. Ke ngoko, imeko yesifo se-white matter iyahluka ukusuka kumntu nomntu.

Ukuba ufunyenwe unesifo se-white matter, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho wezifo zengqondo malunga noko unokukulindela.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha malunga nesifo se-white matter?

Ukuba ufunyaniswe unesifo se-white matter, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wakho rhoqo ukuze axoxe ngokulawula izinto ezikubangela umngcipheko. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nobunzima besifo sakho se-white matter, kunye neempawu zakho, kunokufuneka ubone iingcali ezongezelelweyo.

Ukuba unesifo se-white matter, kubalulekile ukubeka phambili impilo yakho yentliziyo. Umzekelo, ukuthatha amayeza okulawula i-cholesterol yakho kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokwenza utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo kunokunceda ukuthintela izilonda ezintsha ze-white matter kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho we-stroke kunye ne-dementia. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nale meko okanye izinto ezinobungozi zesifo sentliziyo, buza ugqirha wakho. Balapha ukukunceda.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Kulungile, makhe sijonge izinto ezilula ekufuneka sizikhumbule ngeSifo seMhlophe esithethe ngaso:

• Oku kukonakalisa izinto ezimhlophe zobuchopho , njengokonakalisa "iindlela" ezithwala ulwazi engqondweni.
• Idla ngokunxulunyaniswa nezinto ezibangela ukuguga kunye nesifo sentliziyo (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo seswekile, i-cholesterol, ukutshaya).
• Iimpawu zingabandakanya ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ubunzima bokuhamba, kunye nokulahlekelwa kukulinganisela .
• Ifunyanwa ikakhulu nge-MRI scan .
• Nangona umonakalo osele wenziwe ungenakulungiswa ngokupheleleyo, imeko inokulawulwa ngokulawula izinto ezinobungozi kunye nokunyanga iimpawu .
• Ukunyamekela impilo yentliziyo kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthintela ukuqhubekeka kwesi sifo.

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, okanye ukuba ufuna ukwazi okungakumbi ngale nto, funa ingcebiso kagqirha . Ungoyiki, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kuyo yonke le nto kukwazi ulwazi olufanelekileyo nokuthatha amanyathelo afunekayo.

Isifo sezinto ezimhlophe, izifo zengqondo, isifo sezinto ezimhlophe, ukukhubazeka kwenkumbulo, ukulahleka kokulinganisela, ukwaluphala, umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo, i-MRI