Ingabe uyayigoma ingane yakho encane? Ake sifunde ngeSheduli Yokugoma Ebuntwaneni!

Eyakho Ngiyazi ukuthi ukhathalela kangakanani impilo yengane yakho . Njengabo bonke umama nobaba, ufuna ukuyivikela ezifweni. Yingakho sizoxoxa ngalesi sihloko esibalulekile namuhla, ishejuli yokugoma yezingane ezincane. Ngokulandela lokhu ngqo, ingane yakho izovikeleka kakhulu ezifweni eziningana eziyingozi.

Kungani le mithi yokugoma kudingeka inikezwe ngesikhathi esifanele?

Manje ungase uzibuze, "Kungani sidinga ukunikeza le mithi yokugoma sineminyaka engakanani?" Lowo ngumbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Kalula nje, lolu hlelo lokugoma luthuthukiswe ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni olubanzi kanye nezincomo ezivela kochwepheshe bezokwelapha. Lolu hlelo lusekelwe ezintweni ezimbili:

1. Isikhathi lapho amasosha omzimba engane esabela kahle kakhulu emgomeni: Okusho ukuthi, umjovo unikezwa ngesikhathi esifanele lapho amasosha omzimba akheke kahle futhi umzimba usukulungele ukulwa nesifo okukhulunywa ngaso.

2. Ubudala ingane esengozini enkulu yokutheleleka yilesi sifo: Kunezifo ezithile izingane ezinamathuba amaningi okuzithola eminyakeni ethile . Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlolwa ngaphambi kwaleso sikhathi sobungozi. Enye yezinhloso eziyinhloko zalolu hlelo ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha .

Le migomo inikezwa uma uyisa ingane yakho ekuvakasheni kwayo njalo ukuze ihlolwe. Ngakho-ke, ngokungayeki lezo zikhathi, ungaqinisekisa ukuthi imigomo inikezwa ngesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi wazi ukuthi yimiphi imigomo enikezwayo nokuthi ineminyaka emingaki. Ake sixoxe ngalokho ngokujulile manje.

Izingane zigonywa zineminyaka emingaki?

Iningi lemigomo yengane yakho inikezwa ingakafiki eminyakeni emibili ubudala. Ikakhulukazi, imigomo eminingana inikezwa phakathi nonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa nezingane ezincane ziyazwela kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi amasosha azo omzimba awakakhuli ngokugcwele, asengozini kalula yezifo eziningi. Ezinye izifo zingabangela izimo ezibucayi noma ngisho nokufa. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza ingane yakho isheduli efanele yokugoma, ikakhulukazi kusukela ekuzalweni kuya ezinyangeni ezingu-12.

Imithi eminingi yokugoma izingane inikezwa eminyakeni ethile noma ngenani elithile leminyaka. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela ezimbili ezincane ezihlukile kulokhu. Umuthi wokugoma umkhuhlane kanye Ochwepheshe batusa ukuthi umuthi wokugomela i-COVID-19 unikezwe izingane kusukela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ubudala, ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi uqhubeke phakathi nobuntwana kuze kube yilapho sezikhulile.

Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane uvame ukunikezwa kanye ngonyaka. Udokotela wakho wezingane uzokutshela ukuthi kufanele uwuthole kangaki umuthi wokugomela i-COVID-19, ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yengane yakho kanye nokutholakele kwesayensi kwakamuva.

Manje ake sibheke ukuthi yimiphi imijovo enikezwa izingane ngokweminyaka. Lolu hlelo lunconywa ezinganeni eziningi. Kodwa-ke, uma ingane yakho inesimo sempilo noma ezinye izinto eziyingozi, kungadingeka imijovo eyengeziwe noma imithamo. Udokotela wakho wezingane uzokweluleka ngalokhu.

Ukugoma kwezinsana

Ukondla ingane yakho okokuqala kufanele kunikezwe zingakapheli amahora angama-24 kusukela izelwe. Umuthi wokugoma uthi:

• Umuthi wokugomela i-Hepatitis B (HepB) (umthamo wokuqala): Lokhu kuvikela ingane yakho ekuthelelekeni okuyingozi kwegciwane okulimaza isibindi. Lona owokuqala ochungechungeni lwemithamo emithathu.

Okulandelayo, kukhona omunye umuthi wokugoma onikezwa zingakapheli isonto umntwana ezelwe :

• I-RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) Antibody: Lokhu kunikezwa kuphela uma ingane izelwe ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kwe-RSV (ngokuvamile kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya kuMashi ezweni lakithi) futhi ungayitholanga i-RSV vaccine ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. I-RSV igciwane elithinta amaphaphu ezingane ezincane futhi ngezinye izikhathi lingaba yingozi. Lokhu akulona igciwane, uma sikhuluma iqiniso, ngoba igciwane lifundisa umzimba ukwenza ama-antibodies. Okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi ama-antibodies aklanyelwe ngqo ukulwa nesifo anikezwa umzimba. Yingakho odokotela bebiza lokhu ngokuthi i-vaccine . Kodwa uma sikhuluma ngakho, simane sikubize ngokuthi i-vaccine.

Imithi yokugoma inikezwa ezinyangeni ezimbili

Uma umntwana eba nezinyanga ezimbili ubudala, uzonikezwa le migomo emtholampilo:

• I-Hepatitis B (HepB) - Umthamo wesibili.
• I-Rotavirus - Umthamo wokuqala: Lolu uketshezi olunikezwa ngomlomo. I-Rotavirus ingabangela uhudo olukhulu kanye nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni ezinganeni.
• I-DTaP - Umthamo wokuqala: Lokhu kuvikela ezifweni ezintathu eziyingozi: i-Diphtheria, i-Tetanus, kanye ne-acellular Pertussis.
• I-Hib (i-Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo B) - Umthamo wokuqala: Leli gciwane lingabangela izifo ezinkulu njenge-meningitis.
• I-PCV (i-Pneumococcal conjugate) - Umthamo wokuqala: Amagciwane e-pneumococcal nawo abangela izifo ezifana ne-pneumonia kanye ne-meningitis. Lo muthi wokugomela uhlinzeka ngesivikelo kuzo.
• IPV (igciwane le-polio elingasebenzi) - Umthamo wokuqala: I-polio yisifo esibi kakhulu esingabangela ukukhubazeka. Lo muthi wokugomela uyayivimbela.

Imijovo inikezwa ezinyangeni ezi-4

Okulandelayo, lapho umntwana esenezinyanga ezine ubudala, unikezwa le migomo:

• I-Rotavirus - Umthamo wesibili.
• I-DTaP - Umthamo wesibili.
• I-Hib - Umthamo wesibili.
• I-PCV - Umthamo wesibili.
• IPV - umthamo wesibili.

Imithi yokugoma inikezwa ezinyangeni ezi-6

Uma umntwana enezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala, uthola le migomo:

• I-Hepatitis B (HepB) - Umthamo wesithathu.
• I-Rotavirus - Umthamo wesithathu: (Lokhu kunikezwa kuphela uma uchungechunge lwemithi yokugoma yemithamo emithathu lunikezwa. Eminye imithi yokugoma ye-rotavirus igcwaliswa ngemithamo emibili).
• I-DTaP - Umthamo wesithathu.
• I-Hib - Umthamo wesithathu: (Lokhu kunikezwa uma uchungechunge lokugoma lwemithamo emine lunikezwa).
• I-PCV - Umthamo wesithathu.
• IPV - Umthamo wesithathu.
• Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane: Unikezwa njalo ngonyaka ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha.
• Umuthi wokugomela i-Covid-19 (COVID-19): Njengoba kunconywe udokotela.

Imithi yokugoma enikezwa ezinyangeni eziyi-12 (ngonyaka)

Le migomo ibalulekile lapho umntwana eba nonyaka owodwa ubudala:

• Isimungumungwane, Ukhuhlane, kanye neRubella (MMR) - Umthamo wokuqala: Zonke lezi zifo ezintathu zingabangela izinkinga eziyingozi ezinganeni.
• I-Hepatitis A (HepA) - Umthamo wokuqala: Lokhu futhi kuyigciwane elithinta isibindi.
• I-PCV - Umthamo wesine.

Imijovo inikezwa ezinyangeni ezingu-15

• I-Chickenpox (Varicella - VAR) - Umthamo wokuqala: Ukuvikela i-chickenpox.
• I-DTaP - Umthamo wesine.
• I-Hib - Umthamo wokugcina: (Lokhu kungaba umthamo wesithathu noma wesine kuye ngochungechunge lokugoma).

Imijovo inikezwa ezinyangeni ezingu-18

• I-Hepatitis A (HepA) - Umthamo wesibili.

Imithi yokugoma inikezwa umuntu oneminyaka engu-4 ubudala

Le migomo inikezwa lapho ingane ifinyelela eminyakeni emine ubudala. Le migomo inganikezwa phakathi kweminyaka engu-4 no-6.

• I-DTaP - Umthamo wesihlanu.
• IPV - Umthamo wesine.
• I-MMR - Umthamo wesibili.
• I-VAR (i-chickenpox) - umthamo wesibili.

Udokotela wakho wezingane uzokutshela isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokunikeza lezi zidakamizwa.

Ukugoma izingane eziphakathi kweminyaka eyi-11-12 ubudala

Le mithi yokugoma ibalulekile uma ingane isikhulile kancane, cishe ineminyaka eyi-11-12 ubudala:

• I-Tdap (i-Tetanus, i-diphtheria, kanye ne-acellular pertussis) - Umthamo wokuqala: Lokhu kufana nomthamo wabantu abadala we-DTaP. Kumelwe unikezwe njalo eminyakeni eyi-10 impilo yonke.
• I-HPV (i-Human Papillomavirus) - Imithamo emibili: Umthamo wokuqala unikezwa ezinyangeni ezi-5 kamuva, umthamo wesibili unikezwa ezinyangeni ezi-5 kamuva. Leli gciwane lingabangela umdlavuza njengomdlavuza wesibeletho. Lolu chungechunge lwemithi yokugoma lungaqala ngokushesha nje lapho umuntu eneminyaka engu-9.
• I-Meningococcal (MenACWY) - Umthamo wokuqala: Amagciwane e-meningococcal angabangela izimo ezimbi njenge-meningitis kanye noshevu wegazi.

Ukugoma okunikezwayo lapho uneminyaka engu-16

• I-Meningococcal (MenACWY) - Umthamo wesibili (umthamo wokukhulisa).

Zingaki izitofu ezinikezwa izingane ezincane?

Uma ubheka uhlelo oluphelele lokugoma izingane, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-15 zemithi yokugoma. Eminye imithi yokugoma ivikela ezifweni ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Eminye idinga imithamo eminingi.

Manje, uma ubona lolu hlu, ungase ucabange, "Hawu, lo mntwana udinga imijovo eminingi kangaka?" Yebo, kungase kubonakale sengathi miningi, kodwa ungakhathazeki. Iningi lale mijovo inikezwa eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala yokuphila, lapho izingane ezincane zisengozini enkulu yesifo.

Cabanga nje, esikhathini esidlule, ngoba kwakungekho mijovo efana nale, ukuthi bangaki abantwana ababehlushwa yilezi zifo, kanti abanye bafa. Kodwa manje, ngenxa yentuthuko yesayensi yezokwelapha, ingane yakho ingavikeleka ezimweni eziyingozi kangaka. Yonke imijovo enikezwa ingane ifana nesihlangu esimvikelayo.

Futhi, odokotela manje sebengasebenzisa imijovo ehlanganisiwe . Okusho ukuthi, imijovo evikela izifo eziningana ngomjovo owodwa. Isibonelo, umjovo weVaxelis® ungavikela kuzo zonke imijovo emine: i-DTaP, i-HepB, i-Hib, kanye ne-IPV. Lokho kunganciphisa inani lemijovo, akunjalo?

Kuthiwani uma sekwephuze kakhulu ukunikeza umuthi wokugomela ophuthumayo?

Impilo iyisikhathi lapho izinto zingahambi kahle njengoba bekuhleliwe. Ungase uphuthelwe yikliniki yengane yakho, noma ungase ufike sekwephuzile ukuthola umjovo ngesizathu esithile. Uma lokho kwenzeka, ungakhathazeki. Kuvamile.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela womndeni wakho noma udokotela wezingane ngokushesha okukhulu. Bazokutshela indlela engcono kakhulu yokunikeza imithi yokugoma engafanele. Bazoqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho ithola imithi yokugoma eyidingayo, ngaphakathi kweminyaka enconyiwe, ngokushesha okukhulu.

Isexwayiso: Ungalokothi ulandele noma yiluphi olunye uhlelo lokugoma oluthola ku-inthanethi noma ubuze umngane. Lolu hlelo lokugoma olujwayelekile, olusetshenziswa odokotela eSri Lanka nasemhlabeni jikelele, lusekelwe ocwaningweni lwesayensi oluqinile kanye nobufakazi. Lusindise izimpilo zezigidi zezingane.

Ingane yakho izoqala ukwenza izinto yodwa maduze. Kodwa okwamanje, ithembele kuwe kukho konke. Uhlela konke kusukela ngesikhathi sokudla kuya esikhathini sokulala kuya ekuqokweni kukadokotela. Ukuphatha konke lokhu kuwumthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu. Kodwa ngokuya ekuhlolweni njalo kwezempilo nokulandela lolu hlelo lokugoma izingane, ingane yakho izoba nesiqalo esihle kakhulu sempilo enempilo. Akudingeki ukwenze wedwa. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi ugcine lolu hlelo lusesimeni esifanele.

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinto okudingeka sizikhumbule kukho konke lokhu?

Sesikhulume kakhulu ngesimiso sokugoma izingane. Ngamafuphi:

• Landela ishejuli: Iminyaka embalwa yokuqala yokuphila kwengane yakho iyigugu kakhulu. Isengozini enkulu yokungenwa yizifo. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlelo lokugoma olunconywa odokotela luyanconywa.Ngokulandela imiyalelo ngqo, ingane yakho izovikeleka ezifweni eziningana eziyingozi (isib. isimungumungwane, i-polio, ukukhwehlela okukhulu, i-hepatitis).
• Ungaphuthelwa yimiphi imijovo yokugoma: Yonke imijovo ibalulekile. Uma uphuthelwa yiyo, ukuvikelwa kuleso sifo kungancishiswa.
• Landela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho: Udokotela womndeni wakho noma udokotela wezingane ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu wokukweluleka ngalokhu. Bangakusiza ukuthi usethe uhlelo lokugoma olufanele ingane yakho futhi bakusize wenze konke okulungile.
• Ungesabi: Ungesabi imijovo ngokungadingekile. Imijovo ifakazelwe ngokwesayensi ukuthi ivikela izingane ezifweni ezingathi sína.

Ngakho-ke, ungesabi futhi nikeza ingane yakho le mithi yokugoma ngokuzethemba. Yisipho esiyigugu kakhulu ongayinika sona!

Ukugonywa kwengane , isimiso sokugonywa, ukugonywa kwengane, ukugonywa, ukuvikelwa ezifweni, isimiso sokugonywa, ukugonywa, impilo yezingane