Ingabe nawe uzohlinzwa maduze? Ake sifunde ngqo ngalokhu kuHlelwa kwe-ASA!

Wake watshelwa odokotela ukuthi wenze ukuhlinzwa okukhulu noma okuncane, okungukuthi, ukuhlinzwa? Esimweni esinjalo, wena Ngaphambi kokukunikeza umuthi wokubulala izinzwa , noma umuthi oqeda ubuhlungu bakho ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa okuncane kwempilo yakho. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwe-ASA . Uma uzwa lokhu, ungase uzizwe wesaba kancane, njengokuthi, "O, uzonginika amaphuzu?" Kodwa empeleni kuyinto esiza udokotela wakho ukuthi akwelaphe ngendlela engcono kakhulu nephephile ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, ake sixoxe kabanzi ngalokhu, akunjalo?

Kuyini ukuhlukaniswa kwe-ASA? Kungani kubalulekile?

Kalula nje, i -ASA Physical Status Classification System iyisistimu yokuhlola impilo yakho iyonke ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa okudinga i-anesthesia. Yasungulwa yi -American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) . Cabanga nje ukube wonke udokotela we-anesthesiologist usebenzisa izindlela ezifanayo ukuhlola iziguli, ngabe wonke umuntu ubengeke athole ulwazi olufanayo? Leyo ingenye yezinhloso zalolu hlelo.

Kunezizathu eziningana eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa lolu hlobo lwesigaba:

• Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kwakho Gcina irekhodi lempilo yakho : Lokhu kuzokunikeza irekhodi elicacile lesimo sakho sempilo ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
• Indlela evamile engasetshenziswa yiwo wonke udokotela wezinzwa: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuphi emhlabeni, uma ukhuluma nodokotela bezinzwa ngesimo sempilo yesiguli, bonke bangathola umbono ongemuhle ngaso ngokubatshela le nombolo ye-ASA.
• Kusiza ekuhloleni izingozi zokuhlinzwa: Lokhu kukodwa akukwazi ukukutshela ingozi. Kodwa-ke, uma kuhlanganiswa nezinye izici ezifana neminyaka yakho, uhlobo lokuhlinzwa okwenziwayo, ukuthi lukhulu kangakanani, nokuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani, kusiza ukubikezela izinkinga ezingaba khona zokuhlinzwa.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula: Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwe-ASA akusikho ukubikezela umphumela wokuhlinzwa kwakho. Nakuba kungakusiza ukuthi uhlole izingozi zokuhlinzwa, Ithimba lezokwelapha lenza izinqumo ngemva kokucabangela ezinye izinto eziningi. Ngakho-ke ungakhathazeki ngale nombolo.

Ubani lo ASA?

I-ASA imele i- American Society of Anesthesiologists.Isifinyezo simelela "i-American Society of Anesthetists." Lolu hlelo lokuhlela empeleni lwaqala ukwethulwa ngo-1941, lapho inhlangano yayaziwa ngokuthi i-American Society of Anesthetists. Ibilokhu isetshenziswa odokotela emhlabeni wonke kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.

Ihlukaniswa kanjani le ASA? Ayini amazinga?

Kulesi sigaba se-ASA, kunezigaba eziyisithupha (kufika ku-VI) kusukela kumanani esiRoma I (eyodwa) kuya ku-V (esihlanu). I-ASA I ingumuntu ophilile kakhulu. I-ASA V ingumuntu onesifo esisongela ukuphila kakhulu. Izinga VI leziguli ezifile ubuchopho ezisuswa ukuze zinikelwe ngezitho zomzimba (abanikeli bezitho zomzimba).

Ake sibone ukuthi ngalinye lala mabanga lisho ukuthini ngokuvamile. Wena Kuye ngesibhedlela lapho kunikezwa khona ukwelashwa , lezi zibonelo zingase zihluke kancane kuye ngokuthi zikhethekile kangakanani.

• I-ASA I: Umuntu ophile kahle ngokuphelele . Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu uphilile kahle, akanaso isifo esibucayi noma isifo esingamahlalakhona. Isibonelo, umuntu ongenaso isifo futhi ohlinzwa ngenxa yokusikeka okuncane engalweni yakhe noma isimo esiphuthumayo njenge-appendicitis.

• I-ASA II: Umuntu onesifo somzimba esincane . Okusho ukuthi, umuntu onenkinga encane yezempilo engaphazamisi imisebenzi yansuku zonke futhi engalawulwa. Izibonelo: Isifo Sikashukela Esilawulwa Kahle, Umfutho Wegazi Olawulwa Kahle, Ukukhuluphala (i-BMI ephakathi kuka-30-40), umuntu obhemayo (ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezinkulu), umama okhulelwe (ngaphandle kwezinkinga).

• I-ASA III: Umuntu onesifo esibi kakhulu somzimba . Lesi sifo singase sibe nemikhawulo ethile emisebenzini yansuku zonke. Kodwa asisongeli impilo ngokushesha. Izibonelo: isifo sikashukela esingalawuleki, umfutho wegazi ophakeme ongalawuleki, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo ezinyangeni ezi-3 ezedlule, isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona esimaphakathi (i-COPD), isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona , kanye ne-dialysis.

• I-ASA IV: Umuntu onesifo esibi kakhulu somzimba esihlala sisongela impilo . Laba bantu bavame ukuba sesimweni esibucayi kakhulu. Izibonelo: Umuntu osanda kuba nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi (ngaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu), umuntu onenkinga enkulu yokungasebenzi kahle kwe-valvular, i-ejection fraction encishisiwe, i-sepsis enzima, noma umuntu onenkinga yezinso (hhayi kwi-dialysis).

• I-ASA V:Isiguli esifayo ngumuntu ongase afe emahoreni angama-24 alandelayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa noma cha. Ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ukuze kusindiswe impilo yakhe, kodwa akuqiniseki ukuthi kuzophumelela yini. Izibonelo: Isimo esisheshayo, esisongela ukuphila njengokuqhuma kwe-aortic aneurysm yesisu, umuntu olimale kakhulu ezithweni eziningi engozini enkulu (ukulimala okukhulu), noma umuntu oye wopha kakhulu ebuchosheni (ukopha ngaphakathi kobuchopho okunomphumela omkhulu).

• I-ASA VI: Isiguli esimenyezelwe ukuthi sifile ubuchopho, izitho zaso zisuswa ngenhloso yokunikela . Izitho zaso zivunwa ukuze zifakwe kwezinye iziguli.

Kusetshenziswa nini lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwe-ASA?

Uma une-operation ehleliwe, ithimba lezokwelapha lizokwabela isigaba se-ASA ngosuku lokuhlinzwa, ngaphambi nje kokuba unikezwe i-anesthesia. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi ube nolwazi olunembile nolusesikhathini mayelana nempilo yakho ngaleso sikhathi. Isibonelo, uma unomkhuhlane ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kwakho, lokho kungathinta ukuhlolwa kwakho. Ngakho-ke kungcono ukukwenza ngomzuzu wokugcina.

Ubani lo dokotela wezinzwa?

Udokotela obulala izinzwa udokotela oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ukukunikeza imithi yokubulala izinzwa ukuze ungezwa ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Eminye imithi yokubulala izinzwa iqeda ingxenye yomzimba wakho kuphela (isibonelo, umjovo womgogodla). Eminye imithi ikulalisa ngokuphelele, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa okukhulu nokuyinkimbinkimbi. Udokotela obulala izinzwa uzoqapha izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho, umfutho wegazi, kanye nokuphefumula phakathi nokuhlinzwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awuzizwa ubuhlungu.

Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwe-ASA kuyinto esiza udokotela wakho wezinzwa ukuthi ahlele i-anesthesia eqondile ezodingeka ekuhlinzweni kwakho. Kungase kuzwakale kungavamile ukuzwa othile "ebeka" izinga lempilo yakho. Kodwa kumane kuyindlela yokugcina amarekhodi esetshenziselwa ukukunikeza ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu nokulungisa konke ngokwezidingo zakho. Ayinqumi ingozi yokuhlinzwa kwakho ngokwayo. Kunezinye izinto eziningi ezihilela lokho.

Ngakho-ke, yini okufanele siyikhumbule kulokhu? (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke, kusukela kulokho esikhulume ngakho kulolu hlobo lwe-ASA, lezi yizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kuwe:

• Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-ASA kuyisistimu lapho odokotela bezinzwa behlola khona isimo sakho sempilo ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Kwethulwa yi -American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) .
• Imigomo eyinhloko yalokhu ukugcina irekhodi lesimo sakho sempilo, ukwethula indlela evamile bonke odokotela abangayisebenzisa, nokusiza ekuhloleni izingozi zokuhlinzwa.
• Lokhu kunamazinga asukela ku-ASA I (enempilo) kuya ku-ASA VI (umnikeli wezitho ezifile ebuchosheni).
• Ungakhathazeki ngaleli "banga." Lokhu akusikho ukubikezela umphumela wokuhlinzwa kwakho, futhi akusikho uphawu lokuthi impilo yakho ayinhle.
• Odokotela banquma ingozi ngokuhlanganisa lokhu kuhlukaniswa nezinye izici, njengobudala bakho kanye nohlobo lokuhlinzwa.
• Ekugcineni, konke lokhu kwenzelwa ukukusiza ukuthi uthole i-anesthesia ephephile nefanele kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka futhi wenze ukuhlinzwa kube yimpumelelo.

Ngakho-ke, uma uhlelelwe ukuhlinzwa, futhi odokotela bekhuluma ngezinga lakho le-ASA, manje usuliqonda kangcono, akunjalo? Uma uneminye imibuzo engqondweni yakho, ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho noma udokotela wezinzwa. Bazokuchazela konke.

Ukubulala izinzwa , ukuhlinzwa, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-ASA, ukuhlolwa kwezempilo, ukuhlinzwa, isibhedlela, ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha