Ingabe amehlo akho nawo azizwa ngale ndlela? Ake sixoxe nge-Uveitis!

Wake waba namehlo abomvu, abuhlungu, futhi afiphele kancane? Noma wake wazizwa sengathi izinto ziyantanta phambi kwamehlo akho? Lezi yizimpawu ngezinye izikhathi esingazinaki kakhulu, kodwa zingaba izimpawu zesinye isimo sokuvuvukala ngaphakathi kweso. Leso yisimo esizokhuluma ngaso namuhla, esibizwa ngokuthi i-uveitis. Lokhu kungaba kubi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukukuqaphela.

Kuyini i-Uveitis? Masiyiqonde kalula!

Kalula nje, i-uveitis ukuvuvukala, noma ukuvuvukala, kwe-uvea, ungqimba oluphakathi lweso. Cabanga ngakho njengekhamera. I-uvea iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yekhamera. Ngezinye izikhathi, lokhu kuvuvukala kungaba yinto engavamile, okusho ukuthi kungabangelwa yizimo eziningi ezaziwayo. Lesi simo singathinta indawo eyodwa kuphela yeso , noma singathinta izindawo eziningana. Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi kuthinteke kuphi. Ungase uzwe ubuhlungu bamehlo, ukubomvu, noma ukuvuvukala. Noma umbono wakho ungathinteka. Kungathinta iso elilodwa, noma womabili amehlo ngesikhathi esisodwa. Manje, bheka, akukho ndawo enkulu yokuvuvukala ngaphakathi kwamehlo ethu. Ngakho-ke ngisho nokuvuvukala okuncane kungashintsha isimo sangaphakathi kweso. Ubuwazi ukuthi isimo sangaphakathi kweso sibaluleke kakhulu ekuboneni kwethu? Ngakho-ke ngisho noshintsho oluncane ngenxa yalokhu kuvuvukala lungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuboneni.

Kwezinye izimo ezinzima, i-uveitis ingaholela ekulahlekelweni umbono unomphela noma ngisho nokungaboni. Ngakho-ke lokhu akuyona into okufanele ithathwe kalula.

Ivame kangakanani i-Uveitis?

Empeleni lesi yisimo esivamile. Emhlabeni wonke, cishe abantu abayizigidi ezine, noma abantu abayizigidi ezine, batholakala benalesi sifo minyaka yonke. Ngisho nasezweni elifana ne-United States, kubikwa amacala aphakathi kuka-80,000 no-168,000 minyaka yonke. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu kubantu abadala. Ingozi yokuthola lesi simo iyanda njengoba iminyaka ikhula. Asivamile kangako ezinganeni ezincane, kanti izingane ziphakathi kuka-2% no-20% wazo zonke iziguli.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-uveitis?

Izimpawu ze-uveitis zincike kakhulu ekutheni iyiphi ingxenye yeso ethintekile ukuvuvukala. Ochwepheshe bayihlukanisa ibe izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko: ingaphambili, eliphakathi, nelingemuva. Ngezinye izikhathi zonke izingxenye ezintathu ziyathinteka, futhi lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-panuveitis.

Izimpawu ze-Anterior Uveitis

Kulezi zintathu , i-anterior uveitis iyona evame kakhulu.Lokhu kuthinta umzimba weso we-iris kanye ne-ciliary. Ngokuvamile, wena noma abanye ningazibona izimpawu. Lezi zimpawu zifaka:

• Ubuhlungu bamehlo: Bungaba bukhulu kakhulu.
• Ukubomvu noma ukusha kwamehlo: Amehlo angase azizwe ebomvu, eluma, futhi esha.
• Umbono ofiphele: Isimo lapho ungakwazi ukubona kahle khona.
• Ukuzwela ukukhanya (i-photophobia): Ubunzima bokubuka ukukhanya, uzizwa sengathi amehlo aphenduka aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• Ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi olumhlophe lweso (i-conjunctiva evuvukile).
• Izinguquko esimweni sendandatho emnyama: Indandatho emnyama, evame ukuba yindilinga, ingaba nesimo esingajwayelekile.
• Iqoqo loketshezi olumhlophe ngaphambili kweso (hypopyon) noma indandatho emhlophe ezungeze iso elimnyama.

Izici ze-Uveitis Ephakathi Nengemuva

Ezimweni ze-middle and posterior uveitis, izimpawu ngokuvamile azibonakali kalula kuwe noma kwabanye. Kunalokho, izimpawu zithinta kakhulu lokho okubonayo nokuthi ubona kahle kangakanani. Izimpawu zalezi zimo zingase zihlanganise:

• Ukubonakala kwezinto ezincane ezintanta phambi kwamehlo ( ama-floater noma ama-myodesopsias) kuyanda, noma kuba sobala kakhulu kunangaphambili.
• Izinkinga zensimu yokubona: Ezinye izindawo zeso azibonakali uma zibhekwa iso elithintekile.
• Ukwehla kokubona .

Ziyini izimbangela ze-Uveitis?

Kunezimbangela eziningi ezingaba khona ze-uveitis. Ngokumangalisayo, ezimweni ezingama-50% kuya ku-70%, udokotela wamehlo akakwazi ukuthola imbangela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuyisimo "esingajwayelekile". Kodwa-ke, izimbangela eziyinhloko ezingatholakala yilezi:

• Izifo
• Izimo zezifo ezithinta umzimba wonke (Izimbangela zesistimu)
• Ukulimala Kwamehlo
• Eminye imithi

1. Izifo

Ukutheleleka kwenzeka lapho into ethile, njengegciwane, ingena emzimbeni bese ibangela umonakalo. I-Uveitis ebangelwa ukutheleleka ivame ukuthinta iso elilodwa kuphela. Ingabangelwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamagciwane:

• Amagciwane: Amagciwane afana ne-Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), i-Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV), ebangela i-chickenpox kanye ne-herpes zoster, kanye ne-Cytomegalovirus (CMV). Angabangelwa nezifo ezingavinjelwa ngomuthi wokugoma njenge-rubella.
• Amagciwane:Amagciwane abangela izifo ezifana ne-syphilis kanye nesifo sofuba.
• Isikhunta: Isikhunta esifana ne -Candida (esibangela i-candidiasis) kanye ne-Aspergillus (esibangela i-aspergillosis).
• Izimuncagazi: Lezi zingadluliselwa kuwe zivela ezifuyweni, ikakhulukazi amakati (i-toxoplasmosis, edluliselwa ngendle yamakati athelelekile) kanye nezinja (i-toxocariasis). Ungayithola futhi le nkinga ngokudla inyama yengulube engaphekiwe kahle (i-cysticercosis noma i-toxoplasmosis).

2. Izimbangela ezithinta umzimba wonke (Izimbangela zesistimu)

Ngezinye izikhathi i-uveitis ayibangelwa yinto ethinta amehlo kuphela. Kungaba umphumela omubi wemithi noma uphawu lwesimo sezokwelapha esithinta umzimba wonke. Kulesi simo , womabili amehlo avame ukuthinteka. Nazi ezinye izimo zokuzivikela komzimba kanye nokuvuvukala ezihlotshaniswa ne-uveitis:

• `Isifo Sokuvuvukala Kwamathumbu ( IBD )`
• `I-Sarcoidosis`
• ` Isifo sikaBehçet`
• `Lupus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - SLE)`
• `I-Tubulo-interstitial nephritis (TINU)`

Abantu abanokuguqulwa kwe-DNA ethile okubizwa ngokuthi 'HLA-B27' bangaba nezifo zamalunga ezivuvukalayo ezandisa ingozi yokuthola i-uveitis. Izibonelo zifaka:

• ` Isifo Samathambo Esingavamile Sabantwana`
• I-Ankylosing Spondylitis
• 'Isifo Samathambo Se-Psoriatic'
• `I-Axial Spondyloarthritis`
• `Isifo Samathambo Esibangelwa Yi-Enteropathy`
• 'Isifo Samathambo Esisabelayo'

3. Ukulimala

Ukulimala kweso kungalimaza imisipha kanye/noma imithambo yegazi ku-uvea. Uma kwenzeka ukulimala, amasosha ethu omzimba asebenzisa inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ukuvuvukala ukuze ayiphulukise. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu , i-uveitis ingenzeka nangemva kokuhlinzwa kwamehlo. Ngisho nezinguquko ezincane esakhiweni ngaphakathi kweso, njengezinguquko ezibangelwa ukuvuvukala, zingabangela izimpawu ze-uveitis. Ubunzima bezimpawu buxhomeke ezintweni ezifana nendawo kanye nobunzima bokulimala.

4. Imithi

Ingozi yokuba ne-uveitis inganda uma usebenzisa imithi ethile. Ezinye izibonelo zifaka:

• `I-Cidofovir`
• `I-Rifabutin`
• 'Ama-Bisphosphonates'
• `Amaconsi amehlo e-Brimonidine`
• `Ama-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors`

Ingabe lesi yisifo esithathelwanayo?

I-Uveitis ayithelelani kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifo (isib. amagciwane, amagciwane) ezibangela lokhu zingathelelana. Futhi, zingabangelwa izifo ezingadluliselwa kusuka ezilwaneni kuya kubantu (isib. i-toxoplasmosis), ngakho-ke kufanele uqaphele nalokho.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-Uveitis?

Inkinga eyinhloko neyingozi kakhulu ye-uveitis ukulahleka kokubona kanye nobumpumputhe. Lesi simo sibangela izinguquko ngaphakathi kweso, futhi lezo zinguquko yizo ezibangela izinkinga. Ezinye zalezi zinguquko yilezi:

• Ama-cataract
• I-Cystoid Macular Edema
• I-retina ehlukanisiwe noma umonakalo ku-retina
• I-Glaucoma (umonakalo emsipheni we-optic obangelwa ukwanda komfutho wamehlo)
• Umfutho ophezulu wangaphakathi kweso
• I-Macular pucker - ulwelwesi lwe-epiretinal
• Ukuvuvukala kwemizwa ye-optic kanye nomonakalo
• I-Synechiae (lokhu kwenzeka lapho iris yeso inamathela ku-lens noma ku-cornea)

I-Uveitis itholakala kanjani?

Udokotela wamehlo angaxilonga i-uveitis. Uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho, okuhlanganisa umlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nanoma yikuphi ukutheleleka noma ukulimala kwamuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, angahlola amehlo akho futhi enze izivivinyo ezikhethekile ukuze abheke izimpawu ze-uveitis. Izivivinyo ze-uveitis zivame ukuqala ngokuhlolwa kwamehlo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kokubona kanye nokuhlolwa kwesibani esinqunyiwe . Udokotela wakho angase futhi ayale ukuhlolwa kwe-tonometry ukuze alinganise ukucindezeleka kwamehlo kanye ne-optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan ukuze abheke izinguquko ngemuva kweso lakho. Ezinye izivivinyo zingase ziyalwe, kuye ngezimpawu zakho kanye nezimbangela ezisolwayo. Isibonelo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kungathola izinguquko egazini ezibonisa ukutheleleka, izimpawu zesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, noma ezinye izimo zezokwelapha.
• Ukuskena izithombe: Izinto ezifana ne-X-ray yesifuba noma i-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) yobuchopho zingasiza ekubhekeni izinkinga kwenye indawo. Ezinye iziskena izithombe zisebenzisa idayi ekhethekile, njenge-fluorescein, ukukhombisa imithambo yegazi ngaphakathi kweso. Izinguquko ephethini yedayi zinganika odokotela izinkomba ezibalulekile mayelana nembangela ye-uveitis.

Ngenxa yokuthi ukuhlolwa kungahluka kuye ngezimpawu zakho nesimo sakho, uchwepheshe wamehlo wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu wokukuchazela zona. Angakutshela okwengeziwe ngalezi zivivinyo nokuthi kungani zinconywa.

Iphathwa kanjani i-Uveitis?

Ngenxa yokuthi kunezimbangela eziningi ze-uveitis, ukwelashwa kungahluka kakhulu. Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwe-uveitis. Kodwa-ke, ezinye zezimo ezibangela lokhu zingelashwa. Uma kunjalo, ukwelapha imbangela kungasiza ekuqedeni i-uveitis. Uma kungatholakali imbangela, udokotela wakho wamehlo angasebenzisa ukwelashwa okujwayelekile. Ukwelashwa kungafaka imithi, ukuhlinzwa, nezinye izindlela zokusiza ukunciphisa izimpawu zakho nokuvimbela izinkinga zesikhathi esizayo. Ukwelashwa okusekelwe ezimpawini kuvame ukugxila ku:

• Ukulawula ubuhlungu: Ngenxa yokuthi i-uveitis ingaba buhlungu, ukwelashwa kokunciphisa ubuhlungu kuvamile. Lokhu kungafaka imithi (i-cycloplegics) ekhubaza imisipha ye-iris okwesikhashana (ikakhulukazi umfundi).
• Ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala: Imithi efana nama-steroids kanye nemithi engeyona i-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) ingasiza ekunciphiseni ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala okubangelwa yi-uveitis.
• Ukwelashwa okuqondene nesimo: Isibonelo, imithi yokulwa namagciwane elapha amagciwane ayisizi ngezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, isikhunta, noma izimuncagazi.

Ngenxa yokuthi kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha, udokotela wakho wamehlo ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ongakhuluma naye ngezinketho zakho.

Ingabe i-uveitis ingavinjelwa?

Ngeshwa, i-uveitis ayinakuvinjelwa ngokuphelele. Izinto eziningi ezibangela lokhu zingalindelekile noma zisebenza ngezindlela ochwepheshe abangakaziqondi ngokugcwele. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto ezimbalwa ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho yokuthola izimo noma izehlakalo ezingaholela ku-uveitis. Izinto eziyinhloko ongazenza yilezi:

• Thola ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo ukuze uthole izinkinga zamehlo kusenesikhathi (lokho kusho okungenani kabili ngonyaka, noma kaningi uma unesifo esidinga ukuhlolwa njalo).
• Gqoka isivikelo samehlo ukuze uvimbele noma unciphise ubukhali bokulimala kwamehlo.
• Uma unezifo (uma kungenzeka), zitholele ukwelashwa ngaphambi kokuba zibe zimbi kakhulu noma zisakazeke.

Yini okufanele ngiyilindele uma ngine-Uveitis?

Uma une-uveitis, ulwazi lwakho luzoncika ezintweni eziningana. Ezinye zezibaluleke kakhulu yilezi:

• Isikhathi esithathayo ukuthola ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa.
• Ingxenye ethile yeso ethintekile.
• Imbangela eyinhloko (uma udokotela wakho engayithola).
• Impilo yakho iyonke kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izifo ongase ube nazo.

Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zici zingaba nomthelela omkhulu, uchwepheshe wakho wamehlo angakutshela kangcono ukuthi yini ongayilindela. Angalungisa ulwazi oluhambisana nesimo sakho kanye nemininingwane yecala. Angakweluleka nangezinto ongazenza ukuze uzisize.

Iyini inhloso ye-uveitis?

I-Uveitis iyimbangela evamile yokulahlekelwa umbono kanye nobumpumputhe obusemthethweni. E-United States, abantu abangafika ku-10% ababa yimpumputhe ngokomthetho babangelwa noma bahlobene ne-uveitis. Ukubambezeleka ekuxilongweni nasekulashweni kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi. Yingakho kubalulekile ukungazinaki izimpawu ze-uveitis noma "mane ubekezele." Uma uxilongiwe futhi welashwa kusenesikhathi, mancane amathuba okuba nezinkinga zokubona zesikhathi eside. Uma wenza kanjalo, cishe uzolulama ngokugcwele futhi ugweme izinkinga zokubona ezihlala njalo.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

Uma une-uveitis, udokotela wakho wamehlo uzokuqondisa ekwelashweni futhi akutshele ukuthi yini okudingeka uyenze njengengxenye yokwelashwa kwakho. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho wamehlo, njengoba lokhu kunganciphisa ingozi yokulahlekelwa umbono unomphela.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela wami?

Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzohlela ukuvakasha okulandelayo, futhi kubalulekile ukuwagcina. Lawa ma-aphoyintimenti avumela udokotela wakho ukuthi aqaphe izimpawu zakho kanye nempumelelo yokwelashwa kwakho. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela nokuthi yiziphi izimpawu noma izimpawu okufanele uzibonele udokotela noma ufune usizo oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha uma uzithola. Nazi ezinye izimpawu eziyisixwayiso zokuthi kufanele ubone udokotela noma ufune usizo oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha:

• Uma ubuhlungu bukhula.
• Uma umbono wakho uba mubi noma ulahlekelwa umbono wakho ngokuzumayo (ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye).
• Uma ubona ukukhanya phambi kwamehlo akho.
• Uma ngokuzumayo uqala ukubona izinto ezintantayo, noma uma izinto ezintantayo ezikhona ziba zimbi kakhulu noma zigqama kakhulu.
• Uma ubhekene ne-photophobia, okusho ukuthi amehlo akho abuhlungu noma azizwa engakhululekile ekukhanyeni okukhulu.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Ungabuza udokotela wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• "Luhlobo luni lwe-uveitis enginalo?"
• "Uyazi isizathu salokhu? Pho kuyini?"
• "Ngiziphi izindlela zokwelapha enginazo? Yini oyincomayo?"
• "Ingabe zikhona izingozi noma imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?"
• "Ingabe lokhu kungabuya ngemva kokwelashwa?"
• "Yini engingayenza ukuze ngivikele umbono wami, ngivimbele ukulahlekelwa umbono, noma ngivimbele lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki futhi?"
• "Ingabe kufanele ngiqaphele izimpawu zezinkinga? Uma kunjalo, yiziphi lezo zimpawu?"

Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba uma uzwa ngesimo esifana ne-uveitis, nokuzwa ukuthi ungase ulahlekelwe umbono wakho. Kodwa kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ukuze uthuthukise isimo sakho. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kungavimbela izinkinga ezinkulu njengokulahlekelwa umbono unomphela. Ngakho-ke, uma unezimpawu ze-uveitis, ungazinaki. Ngemva kokuxilongwa, ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho wamehlo kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Uma kukhona ongakuqondi, buza udokotela wakho. Ukusebenzisana kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokukusiza nokuvimbela izinkinga zesikhathi esizayo.

Yiziphi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele sizikhumbule kule ndaba?

Kulungile, ake sifingqe ezinye zezinto esikhulume ngazo okudingeka uzikhumbule:

• I-Uveitis ukuvuvukala kwengqimba ephakathi yeso (i-uvea). Kungathinta kakhulu umbono wakho.
• Uma unezimpawu ezifana namehlo abomvu, ubuhlungu bamehlo, ukubona okufiphele, ukuzwela ukukhanya, noma ukubona izinto zintanta phambi kwamehlo akho , ungazinaki. Bheka udokotela wamehlo ngokushesha okukhulu.
• Kungaba nezizathu eziningi zalokhu; ukutheleleka, ezinye izifo emzimbeni, ukulimala, imithi ethile, njll. Ngezinye izikhathi, asikho isizathu esingatholakala.
• Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lesi sifo kusenesikhathi bese uqala ukwelashwa okufanele. Lokhu kungasiza kakhulu ekuvimbeleni izinkinga eziyingozi njengokulahlekelwa umbono unomphela.
• Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho wamehlo kanye nokwelashwa ngqo. Sebenzisa imithi yakho ngendlela efanele, futhi ungayeki ukuqokwa ngudokotela wakho.
• Nakuba kungenakuvinjelwa ngokuphelele, ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo, ukugqoka isivikelo samehlo (ikakhulukazi emsebenzini oyingozi), kanye nokwelapha izifo emzimbeni ngokushesha kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yalesi simo ngezinga elithile.

Khumbula, amehlo akho ayigugu kakhulu, ngakho-ke kungumthwalo wakho ukuwanakekela.