Wake wabhekana nokubomvu, ubuhlungu, noma ukufiphala okungazelelwe embonweni wakho? Mhlawumbe uke wabona amachashaza amancane noma "ama-floaters" ezulazula endaweni yakho yokubuka? Nakuba sivame ukunganaki lezi zimpawu ezincane, zingaba izinkomba zokuvuvukala okungaphansi kweso lakho. Lesi simo saziwa ngokuthi i-Uveitis, futhi kuyinto okufanele uyithathe ngokungathi sína ukuze uvikele impilo yakho yamehlo yesikhathi eside. Kwa- Nirogi Lanka , sikholelwa ukuthi ukuhlala unolwazi kuyisinyathelo sakho sokuqala sokunakekelwa okuphumelelayo.
Kuyini i-Uveitis? Ake sikwenze kube lula!
Kalula nje, i-Uveitis ukuvuvukala noma ukuvuvukala kwe-uvea, ungqimba oluphakathi lweso lakho. Cabanga ngeso lakho njengekhamera; i-uvea iyisici esibalulekile saleyo khamera. Ngezinye izikhathi, lokhu kuvuvukala kwenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo—isimo esisibiza ngokuthi i-idiopathic. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungumphumela oqondile wesimo sempilo esingaphansi.
Lesi simo singathinta ingxenye ethile yeso noma izindawo eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Izimpawu zivame ukuxhomeka endaweni kanye nobukhali bokuvuvukala, kusukela ebuhlungwini bamehlo, ukubomvu, kanye nokusha kuya ekuphazamisekeni okukhulu kokubona. Kungavela esweni elilodwa noma kuwo womabili amehlo ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Khumbula, kuncane kakhulu isikhala ngaphakathi kweso lakho. Ngisho nokuvuvukala okuncane kungashintsha ukuma kweso, okubalulekile ekuboneni okucacile. Ngenxa yalokho, ngisho nezinguquko ezincane zingathinta kakhulu ikhono lakho lokubona kahle.
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, uma ingelashwa, i-Uveitis ingaholela ekulahlekelweni umbono unomphela noma ngisho nokungaboni. Sicela ungazinaki lezi zimpawu njengokucasuka okuncane.
Ivame kangakanani i-Uveitis?
I-Uveitis ivame kakhulu kunalokho ongakucabanga. Emhlabeni jikelele, cishe amacala amasha ayizigidi ezine atholakala minyaka yonke. Ngisho nasemazweni afana ne-United States, amacala aphakathi kuka-80,000 no-168,000 abikwa minyaka yonke.
Kuvame ukutholakala kubantu abadala, futhi ingozi ivame ukwanda njengoba iminyaka ikhula. Nakuba ingavamile ezinganeni, ilinganiselwa ku-2% kuya ku-20% wamacala aphelele.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-Uveitis?
Izimpawu zincike kakhulu ekutheni iyiphi ingxenye yeso lakho evuvukele. Ochwepheshe ngokuvamile bahlukanisa i-Uveitis ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko: ingaphambili (ngaphambili), eliphakathi (phakathi), kanye nengemuva (ngemuva). Uma zonke izingqimba zithintekile, ibizwa ngokuthi i-panuveitis.
Izimpawu ze-Anterior Uveitis
I-Anterior uveitis iyindlela evame kakhulu. Ithinta kakhulu iris (ingxenye enombala yeso) kanye nomzimba we-ciliary. Izimpawu zivame ukubonakala kuwe noma kulabo abakuzungezile, okuhlanganisa:
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu bamehlo: Ngokuvamile bubukhali noma bunamandla.
- Ukubomvu noma ukusha kwamehlo: Ukucasuka okuqhubekayo noma ukubonakala kwegazi elibomvu.
- Umbono ofiphele: Ukwehla okuphawulekayo kokucaca.
- Ukuzwela ukukhanya (i-photophobia): Ukuthola kunzima ukubekezelela ukukhanya okukhanyayo.
- Ukuvuvukala kwe-conjunctiva: Ingxenye emhlophe yeso lakho ingase ibonakale ivuvukele.
- Ukuma komfundi okungajwayelekile: Umfundi ovame ukuba yindilinga angashintsha ukubukeka.
- I-Hypopyon: Ukubonakala kweqoqo loketshezi olumhlophe noma idiphozithi elimhlophe elifana nendandatho elizungeze iris.
Izimpawu ze-Uveitis ephakathi nendawo kanye ne-Postterior
Ku-intermediate kanye ne-posterior uveitis, izimpawu zivame ukubonakala kancane kwabanye. Kunalokho, zithinta ngqo indlela obona ngayo izinto.
- Ukwanda kwezintanta : Amachashaza amancane noma ama-web azulazula ekuboneni kwakho avele kakhulu.
- Amaphutha enkambu yokubuka:Izindawo ezingaboni noma izindawo ezingekho embonweni wakho.
- Ukubona okunciphile .
Yini ebangela i-Uveitis?
I-Uveitis ingabangelwa yizici eziningi. Ngokumangalisayo, ezimweni ezingama-50% kuya ku-70%, odokotela bamehlo abakwazi ukukhomba imbangela eqondile; lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-idiopathic uveitis.
Kodwa-ke, izimbangela ezaziwayo zifaka:
- Izifo
- Izimo zezempilo ezihlelekile
- Ukulimala kwamehlo
- Imithi ethile
1. Ukutheleleka
Ukutheleleka kuhilela amagciwane ahlasela iso. I-uveitis ethelelanayo ivame ukuthinta iso elilodwa. Amagciwane angaba khona ahlanganisa:
- Amagciwane: I-Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), i-Varicella-Zoster Virus (ebangela i-chickenpox kanye ne-shingles), kanye ne-Cytomegalovirus (CMV). Ngisho namagciwane angavinjelwa njenge-rubella angaba yimbangela.
- Amabhaktheriya: Amabhaktheriya ahlobene ne-syphilis noma isifo sofuba.
- Isikhunta: I-Candida (ebangela i-candidiasis) noma i-Aspergillus (ebangela i-aspergillosis).
- Izimuncagazi: Zivame ukudluliselwa ngezilwane ezifuywayo, njenge-Toxoplasmosis (evela endle yamakati athelelekile) noma i-Toxocariasis (evela ezinjeni). Ukudla inyama yengulube engaphekiwe kahle kungaholela ku-cysticercosis noma i-toxoplasmosis.
2. Izimbangela ezihlelekile
Ngezinye izikhathi, i-uveitis akuyona inkinga yamehlo engavamile kodwa iwuphawu lwenkinga enkulu yempilo yomzimba wonke noma umphumela omubi wemithi. Kulezi zimo, ivame ukuthinta womabili amehlo.
Izimo ezivamile zokuzivikela komzimba kanye nokuvuvukala zifaka:
- Isifo Sokuvuvukala Kwamathumbu ( IBD )
- I-Sarcoidosis
- Isifo sikaBehçet
- I-Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
- I-Tubulo-interstitial nephritis (TINU)
Abantu abanophawu oluthile lwezakhi zofuzo olubizwa nge-HLA-B27 nabo babhekene nengozi enkulu yokuthola ukuvuvukala kwamalunga okuhambisana ne-uveitis. Uma uzwa ubuhlungu bamehlo obungazelelwe, obukhulu noma ukulahlekelwa umbono, sicela ufune usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo ngokushesha emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo oseduze nawe.
- Isifo Samathambo Esingavamile Sabantwana
- I-Ankylosing Spondylitis
- Isifo Samathambo Se-Psoriatic
- I-Axial Spondyloarthritis
- I-Arthritis ye-Enteropathic
- I-Arthritis Esabelayo
3. Ukulimala
Ukulimala kwamehlo kungalimaza imisipha kanye/noma imithambo yegazi ngaphakathi kwe-uvea. Uma ulimale, umzimba wakho usebenzisa ukuvuvukala ngokwemvelo njengenqubo yokuphulukisa. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-uveitis ngezinye izikhathi ingakhula ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwamehlo.
Ngisho nezinguquko ezincane zesakhiwo ngaphakathi kweso noma ukusabela kokuvuvukala kungabangela izimpawu ze-uveitis. Ubukhulu bezimpawu zakho buzoncika endaweni kanye nohlobo lokulimala.
4. Imithi
Imithi ethile ingandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola i-uveitis. Izibonelo zifaka:
- I-Cidofovir
- I-Rifabutin
- Ama-bisphosphonates
- Amaconsi amehlo e-Brimonidine
- Ama-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Ingabe kuyathelelana?
I-Uveitis ngokwayo ayithelelani; awukwazi ukuyithola komunye umuntu. Kodwa-ke, izifo eziyisisekelo ezingayibangela (njengamagciwane athile noma amabhaktheriya) zingadluliselwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele uqaphele izifo zezilwane—izifo ezisakazeka zisuka ezilwaneni ziye kubantu, njenge-toxoplasmosis—ezingabangela nalesi simo.
Yiziphi izinkinga ze-Uveitis?
Inkinga enkulu nebalulekile ye-uveitis ukulahleka kokubona kanye nobumpumputhe. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba ukuvuvukala kubangela izinguquko zesakhiwo ngaphakathi kweso lakho. Ezinye zalezi zinkinga ezingaba khona zifaka:
- Ama-cataract
- I-Cystoid Macular Edema (ukunqwabelana koketshezi ku-macula)
- Ukulimala kwe-retina noma i-retina okuhlukanisiwe
- I-Glaucoma (umonakalo wezinzwa obangelwa ukwanda komfutho wamehlo)
- Umfutho ophezulu wangaphakathi kweso
- I-macular pucker (ulwelwesi lwe-epiretinal)
- Ukuvuvukala kwemizwa ye-optic kanye nomonakalo
- I-Synechiae (lapho iris inamathela khona ku-lens noma ku-cornea)
I-Uveitis itholakala kanjani?
Udokotela wamehlo ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu wokuxilonga i-uveitis. Uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho, umlando wakho wezokwelapha, kanye nanoma yikuphi ukutheleleka noma ukulimala kwamuva. Uzokwenza ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele futhi angasebenzisa izivivinyo ezikhethekile ukuqinisekisa isimo.
Inqubo yokuxilonga ivame ukuqala ngokuhlolwa kokubona kanye nokuhlolwa kwesibani esiqhekekile. Udokotela wakho angase futhi enze i-tonometry ukukala umfutho wamehlo akho kanye ne- Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) scan ukuze abheke izinguquko ngemuva kweso lakho.
Kuye ngezimpawu zakho kanye nezimbangela ezisolwayo, kungadingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, okufana nalokhu:
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kusiza ekuboneni izifo eziyisisekelo, izimpawu zomsebenzi wokuzivikela komzimba, noma ezinye izimo zempilo zomzimba.
- Ukuskena izithombe: I-X-ray yesifuba noma i-MRI yobuchopho ingenziwa ukuhlola izinkinga kwenye indawo emzimbeni wakho. Kwezinye izimo, idayi ekhethekile efana ne -fluorescein ifakwa egazini lakho ukuze kugqanyiswe imithambo yegazi esweni lakho. Lawa maphethini anikeza udokotela wakho izinkomba ezibalulekile mayelana nembangela ye-uveitis yakho.
Ngenxa yokuthi izinyathelo zokuxilonga ziyahlukahluka ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho zomuntu ngamunye kanye nomlando wezempilo, udokotela wakho wamehlo ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ukuchaza ngqo ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ozidingayo nokuthi kungani.
Iphathwa kanjani i-Uveitis?
Ngenxa yokuthi kunezimbangela eziningi ezingaba khona ze-uveitis, izinhlelo zokwelapha zenziwe ngokwezifiso kakhulu. Nakuba kungekho "khambi" elilodwa lazo zonke izimo ze-uveitis, ukwelapha isimo esiyisisekelo kuvame ukuxazulula ukuvuvukala. Uma kungekho sizathu esithile esitholiwe, udokotela wakho wamehlo uzogxila ekuphathweni okujwayelekile ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala, ukuphatha ubuhlungu, nokuvimbela ukulahleka kokubona.
Izindlela zokwelapha ngokuvamile zigxila ku:
- Ukulawula ubuhlungu: Ngenxa yokuthi i-uveitis ingaba buhlungu, udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi ye-cycloplegic —amaconsi anemithi aphumuza imisipha ye-iris okwesikhashana ukuze kuncishiswe ukungakhululeki.
- Ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala: Ama-steroid kanye nemithi engeyona i-steroidal yokulwa nokuvuvukala (ama-NSAID) avame ukusetshenziswa ukwehlisa ukuvuvukala nokunciphisa izimpawu.
- Ukwelashwa okuqondene nesimo: Isibonelo, imithi yokulwa namagciwane iyasetshenziswa uma imbangela iwukusabalala kwamagciwane, kanti le mithi ngeke isebenze kahle ekuthelelekeni ngamagciwane, isikhunta, noma izimuncagazi.
Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzoxoxa ngezinketho zokwelapha ezingcono kakhulu ezenzelwe ngqo icala lakho.
Ingabe i-Uveitis ingavinjelwa?
Ngeshwa, i-uveitis ayinakuvinjelwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Izimbangela eziningi zenzeka ngokungalindelekile noma azikaqondwa ngokugcwele yisayensi yezokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, ungathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi yakho:
- Hlela ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo ukuze kutholakale izinkinga kusenesikhathi (ngonyaka, noma kaningi uma unesifo esidinga ukubhekwa eduze).
- Gqoka isivikelo esifanele samehlo ukuze uvimbele ukulimala noma unciphise ubukhali bamehlo.
- Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma unesifo, ukuze uvimbele ukuthi singabi sibi noma sisabalale.
Yini engingayilindela uma ngine-Uveitis?
Uhambo lwakho nge-uveitis luncike ezintweni eziningana ezibalulekile, okuhlanganisa:
- Ukuthi uthola ngokushesha kangakanani ukuxilongwa bese uqala ukwelashwa.
- Ingxenye ethile yeiso elithintekile.
- Imbangela eyinhloko (uma ikhonjwe udokotela wakho).
- Impilo yakho iyonke kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izimo zezokwelapha ongase ube nazo.
Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zici ziyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu, udokotela wakho wamehlo nguyena kuphela ongakunikeza isibikezelo esinembile ngesimo sakho esithile. Bangakuqondisa ngalokho ongakulindela, indlela yokuphatha isimo sakho, kanye nendlela yokuvikela umbono wakho. Uma ubhekana nezinguquko ezisheshayo nezinzima zombono, sicela uvakashele umnyango wezimo eziphuthumayo oseduze nawe ngokushesha.
Iyini inhloso ye-Uveitis?
I-Uveitis iyimbangela enkulu yokulahlekelwa ukubona kanye nobumpumputhe obusemthethweni. Emazweni afana ne-United States, kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe u-10% wamacala obumpumputhe obusemthethweni ahlotshaniswa ne-uveitis noma izinkinga zayo. Ukubambezeleka ekuxilongweni nasekulashweni kwandisa kakhulu ingozi yemiphumela emibi. Yingakho kubalulekile ukungazinaki izimpawu noma ukuzama "ukumelana" uma usola ukuthi une-uveitis.
Uma kutholakale futhi kwelashwa kusenesikhathi, ingozi yezinkinga zokubona zesikhathi eside iyancipha kakhulu. Ukungenelela kusenesikhathi kukunikeza ithuba elihle kakhulu lokululama ngokugcwele futhi kukusiza ugweme ukukhubazeka kokubona unomphela.
Ngingasiphatha kanjani isimo sami?
Uma kutholakale ukuthi une-uveitis, udokotela wakho wamehlo uzokunikeza uhlelo lokwelashwa oluqondene nawe. Ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho kubalulekile, njengoba ukunamathela ngokuqinile ohlelweni lwakho lokwelashwa kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuvimbela ukulahlekelwa umbono unomphela.
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela wami?
Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzohlela ama-aphoyintimenti okulandelela, okubalulekile ekuqapheni intuthuko yakho, ekuphatheni izimpawu, nasekuhloleni ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakho kusebenza kahle kangakanani.
Udokotela wakho uzokwazisa nokuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezidinga ukuvakashelwa ehhovisi ngokushesha noma ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuphuthumayo ngokushesha. Kufanele ufune ukunakekelwa okusheshayo uma ubona noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo eziyisixwayiso:
- Ubuhlungu bamehlo obandayo.
- Ukubona okubi noma ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo, ingxenye, noma ngokuphelele.
- Ukubona ukukhanya okusha.
- Ukuqala ngokuzumayo "kwezintanta," noma uma izintanta ezikhona ziba ziningi noma zibonakala kakhulu.
- Ukwanda kokuzwela kokukhanya (i-photophobia), okwenza izibani ezikhanyayo zibe buhlungu noma zingakhululeki.
Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?
Ukuze uqonde kangcono isimo sakho, cabanga ngokubuza udokotela wakho imibuzo elandelayo:
- "Nginaluphi uhlobo oluthile lwe-uveitis?"
- "Ingabe imbangela iyaziwa? Uma kunjalo, iyini?"
- "Yiziphi izindlela zami zokwelapha, futhi yini oyincomayo?"
- "Ingabe zikhona izingozi noma imiphumela emibi ehambisana nokwelashwa kwami?"
- "Ingabe kukhona ithuba lokuthi lokhu kungaphinde kwenzeke ngemva kokwelashwa?"
- "Yiziphi izinyathelo engingazithatha ukuvikela umbono wami nokuvimbela ukuphindaphinda kwesikhathi esizayo?"
- "Ingabe kukhona izimpawu ezithile zezinkinga okufanele ngiziqaphele?"
Kungokwemvelo ukuzizwa ukhathazekile lapho ufunda ngesimo esifana ne-uveitis, ikakhulukazi lapho uzwa ngengozi yokulahlekelwa umbono. Kodwa-ke, ungumlingani osebenzayo ekunakekelweni kwakho. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okusheshayo kuyizivikelo zakho ezinhle kakhulu ekulimaleni okuhlala njalo. Ungalokothi ungazinaki izimpawu—ukubona kwakho kufanele kuvikelwe.
Uma sekutholakale ukuthi unesifo, ukusebenza eduze nodokotela wakho wamehlo nokulandela isiqondiso sakhe kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola umphumela omuhle. Uma unemibuzo noma ungaqondi ingxenye yokwelashwa kwakho, udokotela wakho uyisisetshenziswa sakho esiyinhloko. Ukubambisana nabo kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuphatha impilo yakho nokuvimbela izinkinga zesikhathi esizayo.
Yiziphi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kulokhu?
Ngamafuphi, nanka amaphuzu ayisihluthulelo okufanele uwakhumbule eNirogi Lanka:
- I-Uveitis ukuvuvukala kwe-uvea, ungqimba oluphakathi lweso.Kungathinta kakhulu umbono wakho uma kungalawulwa.
- Ungalokothi ungazinaki izimpawu ezifana nokubomvu kwamehlo, ubuhlungu, ukubona okufiphele, ukuzwela ukukhanya, noma ama-floating amasha. Funa i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wamehlo ngokushesha okukhulu.
- Izimbangela zingahlukahluka kakhulu, okuhlanganisa ukutheleleka, izifo zomzimba, ukulimala, noma imiphumela emibi yemithi. Ngezinye izikhathi, imbangela ethile ingase ingaziwa.
- Isici esibaluleke kakhulu ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kanye nokuqala ukwelashwa okufanele. Lokhu kusiza kakhulu ekuvimbeleni izinkinga eziyingozi njengokulahlekelwa umbono unomphela.
- Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho, thatha imithi oyinikezwe udokotela, futhi ungalokothi weqe ukuvakashelwa okulandelayo.
- Nakuba kungenakuvinjelwa ngaso sonke isikhathi, unganciphisa izingozi zakho ngokuhlela ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo, ukugqoka izibuko zokuzivikela ngesikhathi semisebenzi eyingozi kakhulu, nokwelapha izifo ezihambisana nohlelo lomzimba ngokushesha.
Khumbula, amehlo akho ayigugu—ukuwanakekela kuwumthwalo wemfanelo oqala ngawe.
