Uyini umbono wakho? Ake sixoxe ngawo ngokuningiliziwe!

Ubona kanjani umhlaba? Uzibona kanjani izinto ezikuzungezile, abantu, imibala emihle, konke lokhu? Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu inqubo emangalisayo eyenziwa ngamehlo ethu ayigugu kanye nobuchopho ndawonye, ​​ebizwa ngokuthi "Umbono" . Lokhu kuyinto eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ebaluleke kakhulu kunokubona nje. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngalo mbono ngendlela elula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Uyini umbono? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, umbono inqubo lapho amehlo akho nobuchopho bakho besebenzisana khona ukudala isithombe kusetshenziswa ukukhanya okubonakaliswa ezintweni ezikuzungezile. Ungomunye wemizwa yethu emihlanu eyinhloko. Abantu abaningi baqonda umhlaba ngokubona. Cabanga ukuthi izimpilo zethu beziyoba zihluke kanjani ngaphandle kwawo!

Amehlo ethu asebenza kanjani? Indlela emangalisayo!

Inqubo yokubona iqala lapho amehlo akho ebona ukukhanya bese ekuguqula kube izimpawu zemizwa. Lezi zimpawu bese zihamba ngemizwa yakho yokubona ziye ebuchosheni bakho. Ubuchopho buyamukela lezi zimpawu, buzichaze, bese budala isithombe osibonayo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu, izikhathi eziningana ngomzuzwana.

Ingabe amehlo afana nekhamera?

Yebo, sivame ukuqhathanisa amehlo ethu namakhamera. Kodwa empeleni, kuphambene nalokho. Ikhamera ubuchwepheshe obuklanywe ngokweso lomuntu. Cabanga nje, ikhamera inelensi. Yilokhu okuqoqa ukukhanya bese kukuqondisa ku-sensor ekhethekile ngaphakathi kwekhamera. Leyo sensor iguqula ukukhanya kube yizimpawu zikagesi. Bese kuba nekhompyutha encane ngaphakathi kwekhamera ecubungula izibonakaliso zibe isithombe. Ungalungisa ukugxila kwekhamera, ulawule ukuthi kungakanani ukukhanya okuvunyelwe ukungena. Amehlo akho nawo anamalensi . Lawa aqoqa ukukhanya futhi akuqondise ku -retina engaphakathi kweso. Le retina ifana ne-sensor kuleyo khamera, kodwa ithuthuke kakhulu futhi iyinkimbinkimbi. Ukukhanya okuwela ku-retina kuguqulwa kube yizibonakaliso zemizwa bese kuthunyelwa ebuchosheni. Amakhono akhethekile alawo makhamera, okungukuthi 'ukugxila' nokulawula ukukhanya, konke kwenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngamehlo akho. Indandatho emnyama esweni lakho ( i-pupil ) iyanwebeka noma iyagoba ukuze ilawule inani lokukhanya okungena esweni. Futhi, imisipha engaphakathi kweso ishintsha ukuma kwelensi, idale 'ukugxila' ukuze ukwazi ukubona izinto ngokucacile emabangeni ahlukene.

Iyini i-retina? Kwenzekani lapho?

I-retina yakho uhlobo lweseli olukhethekile kakhulu noluzwela kakhulu. Sibiza lawa ma-photoreceptors , okusho ukuthi "amangqamuzana athola ukukhanya." Uma ukukhanya kwehlela kulawa maseli, kwenzeka ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kanye nogesi ngaphakathi kwawo. Yileyo ndlela lawa maseli afaka ngayo ukukhanya ezimpawini zezinzwa. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-photoreceptors:

• Amaseli enduku (`Ama-Rod`):Lokhu kuqaphela kakhulu izinguquko ekukhanyeni. Lawa maseli yiwo akusiza ukuthi ubone izinto ezindaweni ezimnyama kanye nasekukhanyeni okuphansi.
• Amakhoni: Lawa maseli azwela kakhulu. Angathola imininingwane emincane futhi ahlukanise imibala ehlukene.

Ngemva kokuba lokhu kukhanya kuguqulwe kube izimpawu zemizwa, i-retina ithumela lezo zimpawu emithanjeni yakho yokubona.

Indima Yezinzwa Zokubona

Izinzwa zakho ze-optic zifana nezintambo zedatha. Zithwala izimpawu ezivela ku-retina ziye ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zobuchopho. Lezi zimpawu zihamba ngemizwa ye-optic futhi zifinyelele ezingxenyeni zobuchopho eziphethe ukuqopha nokuqonda izimpawu.

Isinqumo sokugcina senziwa ubuchopho!

Isinyathelo sokugcina nesibaluleke kakhulu senzeka ngaphakathi kobuchopho bakho. Ubuchopho buthola izimpawu ezifihliwe eziza ngemizwa ye-optic, buzihlukanise, bese busebenzisa lolo lwazi ukwakha "isithombe" salokho iso ngalinye elikubonayo.

Cabanga nje, uma ufunda lo musho, izingxenye zobuchopho bakho ezikusiza ukuthi uqonde ulimi futhi ukhumbule izinkumbulo nazo ziyahilelekile. Yileyo ndlela ongaqonda ngayo la magama, ukhumbule incazelo yawo, futhi ukhumbule izinkumbulo ezihlobene nawo.

Lokho kusho ukuthi, kuye ngokuthi ubonani, izingxenye ezahlukene zobuchopho ziyasebenzisana ukuze ziqonde ngokugcwele leso sithombe.

Yiziphi izifo ezingathinta umbono?

Ngenxa yokuthi ukubona kuhilela izingxenye eziningana nezakhiwo zomzimba ezisebenzisana, izifo ezahlukahlukene zingaphazamisa le nqubo. Ezinye izimo zingathinta izingxenye ezingaphezu kweyodwa zesistimu yokubona. Nazi ezinye izinhlobo zezifo ezingathinta ukubona:

• Izifo zamehlo: Isibonelo, i-cataracts kanye ne-glaucoma .
• Izifo ezihlobene ne-retina kanye ne-optic nerve: Izimo ezifana ne -diabetesic retinopathy.
• Izifo ezihlobene nobuchopho: Ezinye izinhlobo zesifo sohlangothi noma izimila zobuchopho zingathinta ukubona.

Ingabe kukhona umehluko phakathi "kokubona" ​​kanye "nokubuka"?

Abantu abaningi, ochwepheshe, ngisho nososayensi, basebenzisa amagama athi "umbono" kanye "nokubona" ​​ngokushintshana. Kodwa azifani ngempela. Ungasebenzisa amakhono akho okubona noma ngabe awukwazi ukubona okuthile (isibonelo, ngokudala izithombe engqondweni yakho). Futhi, kunezimo ezithile zobuchopho ezithinta ikhono lobuchopho bakho lokuhumusha lokho okubonayo ngamehlo akho. Ukuchaza lokhu kakhudlwana: Ukubona kuyikhono nje elingokomzimba. Okusho ukuthi, amehlo akho abona ukukhanya, akuguqule kube izimpawu zikagesi nezamakhemikhali, bese ezithumela ebuchosheni bakho. Ukubona kudinga ikhono lokuhumusha izimpawu ezivela emehlweni akho. Ngaphandle kwalokho kuqonda, izimpawu amehlo akho azithumela ebuchosheni bakho azisizi ngalutho. Nakuba kungase kubonakale kungavamile ukucabanga ngalezi ezimbili njengezihlukene, kunezimo zobuchopho ezithinta umbono ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukubona. Isibonelo yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Visual Agnosia . Abantu abanalesi simo banokubona okuhle, kodwa ubuchopho babo abukwazi njalo ukuqonda lokho abakubonayo. Esinye isibonelo esiqondile salokhu ukungakwazi ukubona ubuso (`Prosopagnosia` noma 'Ubuso Bokungaboni`) . Nakuba laba bantu bebona ubuso, abakwazi ukubona ukuthi bangobani. Isimo esibi kakhulu, akunjalo?

Singawavikela kanjani amehlo ethu ayigugu? Qiniseka ukuthi uyazenza lezi zinto!

Kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ukuze ulondoloze futhi uvikele umbono wakho. Ezinye zezibaluleke kakhulu yilezi:

• Ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo: Wonke umuntu, ngisho nalabo abanombono ojwayelekile (` umbono ongu-20/20`), kufanele ahlolwe amehlo abo njalo. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kungathola izinkinga ongase ungaziqapheli noma ongaziboni. Amaphutha okubuyisa amehlo , njengokubona eduze (`i-Myopia`) noma ukubona kude (`i-Hyperopia`), angabangela ukulahlekelwa umbono. Ungase ungaziqapheli ekuqaleni. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kungathola lezi zinkinga ngaphambi kokuba uziqaphele.

• Kubalulekile ukuvikela amehlo akho: Kubalulekile ukuvikela amehlo akho ezimweni lapho kunobungozi bokulimala khona. Izibuko zokuphepha noma izibuko , amaski noma izihlangu zingasiza kulokhu. Izibuko zelanga nazo ziyindlela enhle yokuvikela amehlo akho. Zivikela amehlo akho emisebeni ye-UV eyingozi.

• Futhi cabanga ngokudla okunempilo: Ukuze amehlo akho asebenze kahle, amavithamini athileIzinhlobo kanye nezakhamzimba ziyadingeka. Uma unemibuzo ngalokhu, ungaxhumana nodokotela womndeni wakho noma udokotela wamehlo.

• Ungakhohlwa umsebenzi womzimba: Impilo yamehlo akho ihlotshaniswa nempilo yomzimba wakho wonke. Ukuzivocavoca njalo kungasiza ekugcineni amehlo akho (kanye nawo wonke umzimba wakho) ephilile.

• Gwema ukubhema nokusebenzisa ugwayi: Ukubhema, ukuvapha, nokuhlafuna ugwayi kungaba nomthelela omubi empilweni yakho nasembonweni wakho. Ukuyeka ukusebenzisa ugwayi (noma ukungawuqali) kungenza umehluko omkhulu.

• Uma ubhekana nezinguquko ezisheshayo embonweni wakho, njengokulahlekelwa umbono, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha! Lezi kungaba izimpawu zokuqala zenkinga enkulu. Ukulahlekelwa umbono okungazelelwe, okungalindelekile kuyisizathu sokufuna usizo lwezokwelapha. Uma unesifo sezokwelapha esingabangela ukulahlekelwa umbono noma izinguquko ezisheshayo, udokotela wakho noma udokotela wamehlo uzokutshela ukuthi kufanele ufune nini usizo lwezokwelapha.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Kubantu abaningi, ukubona kuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu abayisebenzisa nsuku zonke. Nakuba kungase kubonakale kuyikhono elilula, empeleni kungenye yezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu emzimbeni wakho. Ukuze umbono wakho usebenze kahle kakhulu, zonke izingxenye zamehlo akho, i-retina, imizwa yokubona, kanye nobuchopho, konke kudingeka kusebenze ndawonye kahle.

Kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ukuze uvikele amehlo akho ayigugu. Khona-ke ungagxila ezintweni ofuna ukuzibona, kunokukhathazeka ngalokho ongakwazi ukukubona. Ngakho-ke, ungakhohlwa ukunakekela amehlo akho kahle!

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Umbono , Ukubona Amehlo, I-Retina, I-Optic Nerve, Impilo Yamehlo