Ake sifunde ngemithambo yegazi emizimbeni yethu.

Wake wazibuza ukuthi igazi lihamba kanjani emizimbeni yethu? Imizimba yethu yakhiwe inethiwekhi yemigwaqo emincane, njengamapayipi athwala igazi. Sibiza le mithambo yegazi ngokuthi. Lena yileyo ethwala igazi lisuka enhliziyweni yethu liye kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba wethu libuyele enhliziyweni yethu. Le mithambo yegazi ifana nezithunywa ezibaluleke kakhulu ezigcina imizimba yethu iphila.

Iyini imithambo yegazi? Ziyini izinhlobo zayo?

Kalula nje, imithambo yegazi iyisimiso samapayipi amancane athwala igazi emzimbeni wakho wonke. Afana namapayipi athwala amanzi, kodwa athwala igazi elinika ukuphila. Lolu hlelo lufana nomjikelezo ovaliwe; luqala enhliziyweni yakho, luhamba emzimbeni wakho wonke, bese lubuyela enhliziyweni yakho. Inhliziyo yakho kanye nale mithambo yegazi yakha uhlelo lwakho lokujikeleza kwegazi . Cabanga nje, kunemithambo yegazi engaba amakhilomitha angu-60,000 emizimbeni yethu! Yileyo ndlela ubude bayo, akunjalo?

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zemithambo yegazi. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini:

• Imithambo Yegazi : Lawa ngamapayipi aqinile, aqinile athwala igazi elihlanzekile, elinomoya-mpilo lisuka enhliziyweni liye emzimbeni wonke. Lawa mithambo yegazi ifana nemigwaqo emikhulu emizimbeni yethu. Inamandla kakhulu futhi inezindonga eziqinile ngoba idinga ukuthwala igazi eliphampa inhliziyo ngesivinini esikhulu.
• Imithambo : Le mithambo ithwala igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo futhi elingcolile lisuka ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba liyise enhliziyweni. Imithambo ifana nemithambo yegazi emincane. Okuyenza ibe ekhethekile ukuthi inesimiso sama-valve amancane ngaphakathi kwayo ukuvimba igazi ukuthi lingagelezi emuva.
• Ama-Capillary : Lawa yimithambo yegazi emincane kakhulu emzimbeni. Ngokukhethekile, yiwona axhumanisa imithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi. Anezindonga ezincane kakhulu, ngakho-ke kulula kakhulu ukuthi umoya-mpilo, izakhamzimba, i-carbon dioxide , kanye nemikhiqizo engcolile ingene futhi iphume egazini.

Odadewabo abancane bemithambo yegazi: ama-arterioles

Njengoba imithambo yegazi isakazeka emzimbeni wonke, isakazeka ibe amagatsha amancane namakhulu. Njengamagatsha egatsha elikhulu lesihlahla. Sibiza lawo magatsha amancane ngokuthi ama-arterioles. Athambile kakhulu futhi aguquguquka. Angaba makhudlwana futhi abe mancane. Yileyo ndlela asiza ngayo ukulawula umfutho wegazi .

Imigudu yomchamo ehlanganisa imithambo: Ama-Venule

Sibiza ama-venule ngokuthi imithambo emincane eqoqa igazi kuma-capillary bese iliyisa emithanjeni . Le mithambo isebenza njengemisele emincane ehlangana ndawonye ukuze yakhe umfula omkhulu.

Kwenzekani emithanjeni yegazi?

Kalula nje, umsebenzi oyinhloko wemithambo yegazi ukuhlinzeka ngegazi kuzo zonke izitho zomzimba wethu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi leli gazi liqukethe umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba ezidingwa yilezi zitho ukuze zisebenze. Njengoba nje sidinga ukudla nokuphuza ukuze siphile, lezi zinto nazo zibalulekile ezingxenyeni zomzimba wethu. Futhi, omunye umsebenzi obalulekile wemithambo yegazi ukubuyisa imfucuza kanye ne-carbon dioxide ekhiqizwa kulezi zitho zomzimba kanye nezicubu futhi kuzisize zikhiphe emzimbeni.

Zikuphi lezi zitsha zegazi?

Uma uzibuza ukuthi le mithambo yegazi ikuphi emzimbeni wethu, impendulo ikuyo yonke indawo! Kusukela emithanjeni emikhulu yegazi, ikhula ibe amagatsha amancane, futhi isakazeke emzimbeni wonke njengolwembu lwesicabucabu. Yile ndlela zonke izitho kanye neseli emzimbeni wethu ezithola ngayo igazi. Ubuwazi, kunezigidigidi zale mithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu! Iningi layo yileyo emincane ebizwa ngokuthi ' ama-Capillaries' , 'ama-Venule', kanye nama-'Arterioles' esikhulume ngawo ngaphambili. Le mithambo emincane ixhunywe emithanjeni emikhulu engu-160 kuphela kanye nemithambo engu-200 kuphela.

Umthambo obaluleke kakhulu nomkhulu emzimbeni wethu yi -aorta, noma lokho esikubiza ngokuthi `(Aorta)`. Lena yindlela eyinhloko esakaza igazi elihlanzekile lisuka enhliziyweni liye emzimbeni wonke. Le aorta idlula esifubeni, nge-diaphragm, yehle nge-cavity yesisu (isisu), bese ihlukana ibe amagatsha amabili e-pelvis (`Pelvis`), ihlinzeka ngegazi emzimbeni nasemilenzeni engezansi.

Ngokufanayo, umthambo oyinhloko emzimbeni wethu yi-vena cava, noma `(i-Vena Cava)`. Inezingxenye ezimbili. I-`Superior Vena Cava` itholakala ohlangothini oluphezulu kwesokudla lwesifuba. Iletha igazi elingcolile lisuka ekhanda, entanyeni, ezingalweni nasesifubeni liye enhliziyweni. I-`Inferior Vena Cava` itholakala eduze kwe-diaphragm , ohlangothini lwesokudla. Iletha igazi elisuka emilenzeni, ezinyaweni, esiswini, nasesinqeni libuyele enhliziyweni.

Imithambo yegazi yakheka kanjani? Ziyini izingqimba zayo?

Wake wahluba u-anyanisi? Unezendlalelo, akunjalo? Ngokufanayo, imithambo yethu yegazi yakhiwe ngezingqimba ezintathu eziyinhloko zezicubu. Lezi zendlalelo ziyahlangana ukuze zakhe udonga lwemithambo yegazi. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:

• I-Tunica intima : Lena ungqimba olungaphakathi kakhulu. Njengoba igazi lihamba, lithinta lolu ngqimba. Lubushelelezi kakhulu. Uyazi ukuthini? Igazi kudingeka ligeleze kahle, ngaphandle kwesithiyo. Liphinde lilawule umfutho wegazi.Le "Tunica intima" iyasiza futhi ekuvimbeleni ukujiya kwegazi nokuvimbela ubuthi ukuthi bungangeni egazini.

• Imidiya : Lolu ungqimba oluphakathi. Luqukethe imicu enwebekayo, okuyimicu enwebekayo, kanye nemicu yemisipha. Lokhu kuvumela imithambo yegazi ukuthi ikhule futhi inciphe. Omunye umsebenzi obalulekile walolu ngqimba ukusiza ukugcina igazi ligeleza ohlangothini olulodwa. Luyanwebeka futhi lunciphe njengebhande lerabha uma kudingeka.

• I-Adventitia : Lena ungqimba olungaphandle. Iqukethe imizwa neminye imithambo yegazi emincane. Lolu ungqimba yilapho imithambo yegazi ithola khona umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba, futhi lusiza ekususeni imfucuza. Empeleni, ungqimba olungaphandle, olubizwa ngokuthi i-adventitia, lunikeza imithambo yegazi amandla, isakhiwo, kanye nesivikelo.

Ibukeka kanjani imithambo yegazi?

Nokho, le mithambo yegazi ibukeka kanjani? Ngokuvamile ibunjwe njenge-"tube". Kodwa-ke, ayihambi njalo emgqeni oqondile, kodwa ijikajika futhi igobile emzimbeni wonke. Eminye yemithambo yegazi emikhulu, ikakhulukazi imithambo yegazi, ibonakala kithi ngaphansi kwesikhumba sethu. Wake wanikela ngegazi? Noma wakhipha igazi lakho ukuze lihlolwe? Kungenzeka ukuthi uke waphawula imithambo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphakathi kwengalo yakho, akunjalo? Leyo yimithambo yegazi. Akumangazi yini ukuthi yize igazi lethu libomvu, libukeka liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphansi kwesikhumba?

Ingabe imithambo yegazi nayo ithola izifo? Ziyini?

Yebo, impela. Njengazo zonke ezinye izingxenye zomzimba wethu, imithambo yegazi ingahlushwa izifo ezahlukahlukene kanye nokuphazamiseka. Ake sibheke ezinye zezimo ezivame kakhulu:

• I-Aneurysm : Lokhu kwenzeka lapho udonga lomthambo luba buthakathaka noma lonakele, okubangela ukuba luvuvuke ngaphandle, kwakha i-bulge efana nebhaluni. Lokhu kungenzeka emthambo noma kuphi emzimbeni. Into eyingozi kakhulu ukuthi uma i-aneurysm iqhuma, ingabangela ukopha okukhulu emzimbeni. Kungaba yingozi empilweni.

• Izifo zemithambo yegazi : Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa izifo eziningana ezinkulu. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi isifo semithambo yegazi yenhliziyo (CAD), isifo semithambo yegazi ye-carotid (CAD), kanye nesifo semithambo yegazi ye-peripheral (PAD). Zonke lezi zifo zihilela ukuncishiswa kancane kancane kwemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-atherosclerosis.

• I-Atherosclerosis : Kalula nje, lesi yisimo lapho amafutha, i-cholesterol, nezinye izinto zakheka ngaphakathi kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi, njengodaka oluvala ipayipi, okubangela ukuthi imithambo yegazi inciphe futhi iqine. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ama-plaque e-deposit.Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi .

• Amahlule egazi : Ngezinye izikhathi amahlule egazi angakheka emthanjeni noma emthanjeni. Lawa mahlule angavimba ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye ukuhamba kwegazi. Lokhu kungaholela ezimweni eziyingozi njenge-deep vein thrombosis (DVT), i-pulmonary embolism, i-stroke, noma ukuvaleka ngokuphelele komthambo.

• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (`Umfutho wegazi ophezulu / Umfutho wegazi ophakeme`) : Kumelwe ukuthi iningi lenu selizwile ngalokhu. Yilapho umfutho wegazi osebenza ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi udlula izinga elijwayelekile. Uma lokhu kungalawulwa isikhathi eside, kungalimaza inhliziyo, izinso, amehlo, ngisho nobuchopho.

• I-Raynaud's syndrome : Lesi simo senzeka lapho imithambo emincane esikhumbeni iqina ngokuzumayo. Lokhu kwenzeka ikakhulukazi uma ubhekene nomkhuhlane noma uma ucindezelekile. Iminwe yakho ingase iphenduke ibe mhlophe, ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi ibe ndikindiki.

• Imithambo ye-Varicose : Lokhu kuyinto abantu abaningi abayibonayo. Ikakhulukazi emilenzeni, imithambo ibonakala igobile, ivuvukele, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ifinyeziwe. Lokhu kungabangela ubuhlungu nomuzwa wokusinda emilenzeni.

• Ukukhubazeka kwemithambo yegazi : Lokhu kuwukuqhekeka noma ukungaxhumani kahle kwemithambo yegazi. Isibonelo yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi ukukhubazeka kwemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kuvame ukuzalwa nakho .

• I-Vasculitis : Kalula nje, lokhu ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi izindonga zemithambo yegazi ziqine futhi zinciphe, okungavimbela ukugeleza kwegazi.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle? Ziyini izimpawu?

Izimpawu zezifo zemithambo yegazi zingahluka kakhulu. Kuya ngohlobo lwesifo nokuthi sibi kangakanani. Ngezinye izikhathi, njenge-aneurysms esikhulume ngayo, noma ukukhubazeka kwemithambo yegazi, kungase kungabi nazimpawu nhlobo kuze kube yilapho kuba yinkinga enkulu.

Kodwa, ngokuvamile, uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, kungcono ukubona udokotela ukuze akunike iseluleko:

• Umbala wesikhumba uyashintsha, isibonelo, uphenduke ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• Ukubanda noma ukungakhululeki emilenzeni, ezingalweni, ezinyaweni, noma ezintendeni zezandla.
• Ubunzima bokwenza imisebenzi evamile yomzimba.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi (`Ukukhathala`).
• Ubuhlungu esifubeni, esiswini, ezingalweni, noma emilenzeni.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula, uzizwa sengathi unesifo sohlangothi ('Ukuphelelwa umoya').

Okubalulekile:Uma unezinye zezimpawu ezingezansi, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha! Lezi kungaba izimpawu zesimo esiyingozi.

• Ukuzizwa unesizungu ngokuzumayo, unenkinga yokukhuluma, noma ukuqonda okushiwoyo.
• Ukungazweli kanye nobuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba.
• Ukulahlekelwa noma ukufiphala kombono ngokuzumayo.
• Ubunzima bokuhamba, ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi.
• Ukuzizwa unesizungu noma ukuphelelwa yithemba.
• Ukuzizwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha (`Inhliziyo esheshayo`).
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu esifubeni, emhlane ongenhla, ezingalweni, noma emilenzeni.
• Ukwanda okungazelelwe noma ukuqala okusha kokuphelelwa umoya.
• Ukuvuvukala kwezandla noma izinyawo (`Edema`).

Ngakho-ke, singayigcina kanjani le mithambo yegazi eyigugu iphilile?

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi kunezinto eziningi ezilula esingazenza ukuze sigcine imithambo yethu yegazi iphilile. Uma senza le mikhuba ibe umkhuba, singabona umehluko omkhulu.

• Landela ukudla okunempilo: Khetha ukudla okune-sodium ephansi (usawoti), i-cholesterol, namafutha agcwele. Faka izithelo, imifino, ubhontshisi, ukudla okune-fiber ephezulu, kanye nenhlanzi ekudleni kwakho.
• Yiba matasa ngokomzimba: Zama ukuthola okungenani imizuzu eyi-150 yokuzilolonga ngesonto. Ungakhetha okuthile njengokuhamba ngokushesha, ukugijima, ukubhukuda, noma ukugibela ibhayisikili.
• Lawula umfutho wegazi lakho, ushukela wegazi, kanye namazinga e-cholesterol: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina lokhu kusezingeni elifanele. Uma kudingeka, thatha imithi njengoba uqondiswe udokotela wakho.
• Gwema imikhiqizo kagwayi ngokuphelele: Ukubhema kungenye yezitha ezinkulu zemithambo yegazi.
• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala: Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ngangokunokwenzeka, noma okungcono nakakhulu, yeka ngokuphelele.

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinto okudingeka sizikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho namuhla?

Imithambo yegazi ethwala igazi emizimbeni yethu ibalulekile ukuze siphile. Ihlinzeka izitho zethu nezicubu nge-oxygen kanye nezakhamzimba, futhi iyasiza ekususeni imfucuza.

Kodwa-ke, le mithambo yegazi ingaphinde ikhule izifo ezahlukahlukene. Ezinye zazo, isibonelo, ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi (ukuvaleka) noma ukukhulisa (ukukhulisa), kungaba yingozi ngisho nokuphila.

Ngakho-ke, ungagcina uhlelo lwakho lwenhliziyo lusesimweni esihle ngokulandela imikhuba yokuphila enempilo. Izinto ezilula ezifana nokudla okulinganiselayo, ukuvivinya umzimba njalo, ukugwema ukubhema, kanye nokunciphisa utshwala kungenza umehluko omkhulu. Nakekela umzimba wakho, ngoba impilo iyimpahla enkulu kakhulu!

Imithambo yegazi, inhliziyo, imithambo yegazi, imithambo yegazi, ama-capillary, ukujikeleza kwegazi, umfutho wegazi