Okuhle kakhulu emehlweni akho! Ake sifunde konke ngodokotela wamehlo.

Uyazi ukuthi amehlo akho ayigugu kangakanani. Lawa mehlo amabili amancane asisiza sibone leli zwe elihle, sibone ubuso babathandekayo bethu, sifunde incwadi, konke lokhu. Ngakho-ke, kungumthwalo wethu ukugcina la mehlo amabili ephilile futhi ephilile. Ngezinye izikhathi amehlo ethu athola izinkinga ezincane, ngezinye izikhathi angakhula abe yizimo ezibucayi. Yilapho-ke sibona khona Usizo lukachwepheshe wamehlo , okungukuthi, `(udokotela wamehlo)` luyadingeka. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi ungubani lo `(udokotela wamehlo)`, wenzani, nokuthi kufanele simbone nini umuntu onjalo.

Ubani lo dokotela wamehlo?

Kalula nje, `(Udokotela Wezinso)` ungudokotela othole ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kokuxilonga nokwelapha zonke izifo zamehlo, futhi aze enze nokuhlinzwa uma kudingeka. Banjengodokotela `(Udokotela)` (`(MD - Udokotela Wezokwelapha)`) noma `(Osteopathy)` (`(DO - Udokotela Wezinso)`). Lokhu kusho ukuthi bathole ukuqeqeshwa okugcwele kwezokwelapha futhi yilapho kuphela lapho bethola khona ulwazi emkhakheni wamehlo.

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngodokotela wamehlo kanye nodokotela wamehlo. Bobabili banikeza izinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwamehlo. Kodwa-ke, "udokotela wamehlo" ngumuntu ohlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha nokuhlinzwa. Sizoxoxa kabanzi ngalowo mehluko kamuva.

Ungaba kanjani udokotela wamehlo?

Ukuba uchwepheshe onjengalona akulula , kudinga ukuzinikela nesikhathi esiningi. Cabanga nje,

• Okokuqala, ngokuvamile udinga ukuqedela iziqu zesayensi zeminyaka emine (ngokuvamile ngezifundo zokulungiselela ngaphambi kokwelashwa ).
• Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukubhalisa esikoleni sezokwelapha bese uthola iziqu zobudokotela (kungaba `(MD)` noma `(DO)`).
• Akugcini lapho. Okulandelayo, udinga ukwenza i-internship elinganiselwe yonyaka owodwa.
• Ngemva kwalokho, kumele okungenani uqeqeshwe iminyaka emithathu ngokwelashwa kwamehlo ngezokwelapha nangokuhlinzwa .

Kuphela ngemva kokwenza konke lokhu nokuthola ilayisensi yezokwelapha emabhodini kahulumeni afanele lapho umuntu angasebenza khona njengo-`(Ophthalmologist)`. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma uya ku-`(Ophthalmologist)`, uphathwa ngumuntu onolwazi olujulile nokuqeqeshwa kwamehlo.

Yini eyenziwa yi-ophthalmologist?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi lo dokotela noma owesifazane wenzani emehlweni ethu. Banganikeza ukunakekelwa kwamehlo okuphelele. Lokho kusho ukuthi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele: Ukuhlola ukuthi amehlo akho anjani, ukuthi amehlo akho aphilile yini, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini izinkinga.
• Izinsizakalo zokubona: Sizonquma ukuthi udinga izibuko noma ama-contact lens bese sikuhlinzeka ngemithi kadokotela.
• Ukuxilonga nokwelapha izifo zamehlo nezinye izimo ezithinta amehlo: Isibonelo, umuntu onesifo sikashukela angaba nomonakalo emehlweni akhe. Umsebenzi kadokotela wamehlo ukuxilonga nokwelapha izimo ezinjalo kusenesikhathi. Baphinde baphathe izimo ezifana ne-cataracts kanye ne-glaucoma.
• Ukunikeza imithi : Uma kudingeka, banikeza imithi efana namaconsi amehlo kanye nemithi yomlomo.
• Ukuhlinzwa Kwamehlo: Ezinye izimo zamehlo, njenge-cataracts, zidinga ukuhlinzwa. Ukuhlinzwa okunjalo kungenziwa udokotela wamehlo.

Kufanele simbone nini udokotela wamehlo?

Manje ungase uzibuze, "Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela wamehlo?" Ngokuvamile, ungadinga usizo lukadokotela wamehlo ezimweni ezilandelayo:

Ngezinkinga zamehlo ezivamile kanye nezifo ezincane

• Uma ungakwazi ukubona izinto ngokucacile uma ukude (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i- Hyperopia "), cabanga ukuthi unobunzima bokufunda inombolo yebhasi uma ukude.
• Uma ubona izinto eziseduze, isibonelo, incwadi noma iphephandaba, futhi izinhlamvu zibonakala zingacacile (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi `(Myopia)`). Abanye abantu kufanele babambe iphephandaba kude ukuze balifunde, akunjalo? Yilokho okwenzekayo.
• Ngezinye izikhathi isithombe esifanayo sibonakala sinjengezimbili, noma sisontekile, noma seluliwe (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-Astigmatism". Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yoshintsho oluncane esimweni selensi yeso).
• Ebuntwaneni, abanye abantwana baba nesimo lapho iso elilodwa liba buthakathaka kunelinye , njengokungathi bayavilapha. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-Amblyopia" noma "iso elivilaphayo." Uma lokhu kungelashwa ngokushesha, umbono okulelo liso ungaphazamiseka unomphela.
• Ngezinye izikhathi, njengoba iminyaka ikhula, ingxenye yeso efana nejeli (i-vitreous) ingahlukana (ukususwa kwe-vitreous ngemuva - i-PVD). Lokhu kungabangela amachashazi amnyama noma izinto ezifana nenethi ukuba zintante phambi kweso.
• Kunezifo ezithile zamehlo ezihambisana nokuguga, isibonelo `(Macular Degeneration)` (ubuthakathaka bengxenye ephakathi ye-retina njengoba siguga). Kulokhu, ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ye-retina engaphakathi kweso iba buthakathaka, futhi izinto ezibonakala ziqondile ziqala ukufiphala.

Uma kudingeka ukuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa okukhethekile

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma udinga ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo noma ukwelashwa okukhethekile,Kufanele nakanjani ubonane nodokotela wamehlo. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• Ama-cataract (ama-cataract) yinto eyenzeka kubantu abaningi njengoba bekhula. Njengoba nje ilensi yekhamera iba namafu, ilensi engaphakathi kweso iba namafu.
• Uma une-glaucoma, lesi yisifo esiyingozi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ingcindezi engaphakathi kweso iyakhula, ilimaze i-optic nerve, futhi kancane kancane ibangele ukulahlekelwa umbono. Ezimweni eziningi, azikho izimpawu ekuqaleni.
• Uma i-retina ihlukanisiwe (`(Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Retinal)`). Lokhu kuyisimo esiphuthumayo! Uma ingxenye efana nefilimu engaphakathi kweso ihlukana, ingaholela ebumpumputheni uma ingelashwa ngokushesha.
• Uma kukhona isifo (`(Isifo se-Corneal)`) ku-cornea yeso . I-cornea yingxenye esobala ngaphambili kweso.
• Uma isifo sikashukela silimaza imithambo yegazi emehlweni (i-Diabetes-related Retinopathy). Abantu abanesifo sikashukela bangalimaza imithambo yegazi emincane emehlweni abo, okubangela ukuba yophe bese kwakheka imithambo yegazi emisha. Lokhu kungathinta nokubona.
• Uma une-strabismus, kungadingeka uhlinzwe ukuze uyilungise.
• Uma iso lilimele kakhulu, isibonelo uma okuthile kungena esweni noma uma lishayeka kakhulu.

Kufanele ngihlolwe amehlo kangaki?

Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abanawo. "Kufanele ngihlolwe amehlo kangaki?" Lokhu kuncike ezintweni eziningana, okuhlanganisa iminyaka yakho, noma yiziphi ezinye izimo zezokwelapha onazo (njengesifo sikashukela), nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini emndenini wakho onezinkinga zamehlo. Nazi ezinye izincomo ezijwayelekile:

• Izingane ezincane: Kuze kube yilapho ziqala isikole, udokotela wezingane wengane yakho uzohlola amehlo azo njalo lapho kugonywa (ukuvakashelwa ingane ephilile), bese kuba kanye noma kabili ngonyaka.
• Abantu abadala abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-40: Ngokuvamile kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-5 kuya kweyi-10. Kodwa ngokushesha uma ubona ushintsho embonweni.
• Abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-40 no-54: Kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-2 kuya kwemine. Lesi yisikhathi lapho abantu abaningi beqala khona ukudinga izibuko zokufunda.
• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-55 ubudala: Kanye njalo ngonyaka owodwa kuya kwemithathu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kule minyaka, ingozi yokuthola izifo ezifana ne-cataracts, i-glaucoma, kanye nokuwohloka kwe-macular iphakeme.

Kubaluleke kakhulu: Uma unesifo sikashukela, kufanele nakanjani uhlolwe amehlo akho okungenani kanye ngonyaka. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola umonakalo wamehlo ohlobene nesifo sikashukela (i-Diabetic Retinopathy) kusenesikhathi, ukuze ukwelashwa kunikezwe futhi umbono wakho ulondolozwe.

Uma usuvele ugqoka izibuko noma ama-contact lens, udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi kufanele ufike kangaki. Landela leyo miyalelo.

Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko emehlweni akho kanje, bheka udokotela ngokushesha!

Ungalokothi ukhohlwe lokhu. Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezisheshayo embonweni wakho noma izimpawu ezintsha, ungalibali. Bona udokotela wamehlo noma omunye uchwepheshe wamehlo ngokushesha okukhulu. Ezinye izifo zamehlo zidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

• Uma amehlo akho esabuhlungu ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.
• Uma umbono wakho ubonakala ungacacile ngokuzumayo, noma uma kubonakala sengathi wehla kancane kancane.
• Ukubona izinto ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa (`(Diplopia)`).
• Amehlo abomvu futhi awapheli, ikakhulukazi uma ezwa ubuhlungu.
• Uma amehlo akho ebuhlungu kangangokuthi awukwazi ukubuka ukukhanya, noma uma amehlo akho ezwa sengathi ayadabula (`(Photophobia)`).
• Uma uzizwa sengathi umbono wakho uya ngokuya uba mubi futhi awukwazi ukubona izinto kahle.
• Uma uqala ukubona amachashazi amnyama amasha, ama-web, noma ukukhanya okukhanyayo phambi kwamehlo akho, lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokuhlukana kwe-retinal.

Uma ubona into efana nale, ungacabangi nje ukuthi, “Kuzolunga.” Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubonana nodokotela bese uthola iseluleko.

Yini ongayibuza udokotela?

Uma siya kudokotela, ngezinye izikhathi siyakhohlwa ukubuza izinto ezisezingqondweni zethu. Ngakho-ke, uma uya kudokotela wamehlo, khumbula le mibuzo. Ungayibhala phansi uma uthanda.

• Kufanele ngihlolwe amehlo kangaki?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo zenkinga yamehlo ami?
• Ingabe ngizodinga ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo? Uma kunjalo, yini engingayilindela?
• Uma ngihlinzwa, kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama? Yini okufanele ngiyiqaphele phakathi naleso sikhathi?
• Yimiphi imiphumela emibi engabangwa yilezi zindlela zokwelapha?
• Ingabe kudingeka ngenze noma yiziphi izinguquko endleleni yami yokuphila ukuze ngigcine amehlo ami ephilile?

Ungesabi ukubuza noma yimiphi imibuzo onayo. Ukuqonda kahle isimo sakho kuzosiza ukwelashwa kwakho kuphumelele.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kuka-`(Ophthalmologist)` kanye no-`(Optometrist)`?

Lena yindawo edidayo kubantu abaningi. Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, "udokotela wamehlo" kanye "nodokotela wamehlo" bobabili basebenza ngamehlo, kodwa kukhona umehluko ekuqeqeshweni kwabo kanye nalokho abangakwenza.

• Udokotela Wezinso : Yilokhu ebesikhuluma ngakho kulo lonke lesi sihloko. Baneziqu ezivela esikoleni sezokwelapha (MD noma DO) kanye nokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kokuhlinzwa kweso. Bangakwazi ukuxilonga nokwelapha noma yisiphi isifo samehlo, banikeze imithi, futhi benze nokuhlinzwa kwamehlo. Yibo abaphatha kakhulu izifo zamehlo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

• (Udokotela wamehlo)Odokotela bamehlo: Laba ngabantu abaneziqu ezibizwa ngokuthi "uDokotela we-Optometry - OD". Bangahlola namehlo, bahlole izinkinga zokubona (''Myopia, Hyperopia, Astigmatism''), futhi banikeze izibuko kanye "nama-contact lens". Bangahlola futhi belapha ezinye izifo zamehlo ezivamile (njengokutheleleka kwamehlo). Kodwa-ke, "uDokotela wamehlo" akenzi ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo. Uma "uDokotela wamehlo" enomuzwa wokuthi amehlo akho adinga ukuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa okukhethekile okutholakala kuphela ku-"Ophthalmologist" kuphela, uzokudlulisela ku-"Ophthalmologist".

Kalula nje, ungaya kudokotela wamehlo ukuze uhlolwe amehlo njalo noma uthole izibuko. Kodwa-ke, uma unesifo esifana ne-cataracts noma i-glaucoma, udinga ukuhlinzwa, noma unesifo samehlo esiyinkimbinkimbi, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela wamehlo.

Abanye abantu baya kudokotela wamehlo ukuze bayohlolwa amehlo njalo. Akukho okubi ngalokho. Into ebalulekile ukuya endaweni enikeza ukunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu kwamehlo akho.

Ekugcineni, ake sikhumbule lokhu?

Amehlo ayizitho ezimbili ezibucayi kakhulu neziyigugu emizimbeni yethu. Kungumsebenzi wethu ukuwavikela.

• Udokotela wamehlo uchwepheshe ongathatha umthwalo wemfanelo ophelele ngempilo yamehlo akho futhi angenza nokuhlinzwa uma kudingeka.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo okuhambisana neminyaka yakho kanye nempilo yakho. Ngale ndlela, uma kunenkinga, ingatholakala kusenesikhathi futhi yelashwe ngaphambi kokuba ibe nkulu.
• Uma unezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi njenge-cataracts, i-glaucoma, i-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela, noma uma udinga ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo, kufanele nakanjani ubonane nodokotela wamehlo.
• Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingavamile ekuboneni kwakho, ungakuzibi. Uma unesihlungu samehlo, ubona izinto ezifiphele, unenkinga yokubona ukukhanya, noma amabala amnyama, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
• Uma ubona udokotela, buza noma yimiphi imibuzo onayo bese uthola ukuqonda okuhle ngesimo sakho. Khumbula, amehlo akho ayigugu kakhulu kuwe! Ngakho-ke wanakekele.

Ngithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luwusizo. Kwangathi ungabusiswa ngethuba lokubona umhlaba ngamehlo amabili aphilile!

Udokotela wamehlo, udokotela wamehlo, ukuhlolwa kwamehlo, umbono, i-cataracts, i-glaucoma, impilo yamehlo