Wake wazibuza ukuthi iyini ngempela leyo nethiwekhi yemigqa eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho nokuthi yenzani? Cishe uke wayiqaphela lapho ubheka izandla noma imilenze yakho. Leyo yimithambo yegazi , futhi iyisici esibalulekile ohlelweni lwakho lokujikeleza kwegazi. Eqinisweni, cishe u-75% wegazi lomzimba wakho uhlala emithanjeni yakho nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Akumangalisi lokho?
Ngakho-ke, iyini ngempela imithambo yegazi?
Kalula nje, imithambo yegazi iyinethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi yemithambo yegazi esakazeke kuwo wonke umzimba wakho. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuqoqa igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo (elingenawo umoya-mpilo) ezicutshini zomzimba wakho bese ulibuyisela enhliziyweni. Cabanga ngale ndlela: amangqamuzana akho asebenzisa umoya-mpilo ukuze asebenze, eshiya igazi "eliphumayo" noma elingenawo umoya-mpilo okumele lithunyelwe emuva enhliziyweni nasemaphashini ukuze lihlanzwe futhi liphinde lifakwe umoya-mpilo. Imithambo yegazi isebenza ngokubambisana neminye imithambo yegazi kanye nenhliziyo yakho ukuze igazi lakho liqhubeke lijikeleza.
Igazi lemithambo yegazi lihluke kanjani egazini lemithambo yegazi?
Kunomehluko omkhulu. Imithambo yegazi ngokuyinhloko ithwala igazi elisha eligcwele umoya-mpilo isuka enhliziyweni iye emzimbeni wonke. Ngokuphambene nalokho, imithambo yegazi—ngaphandle kwento eyodwa ephawulekayo—ithutha igazi eliphelelwe umoya-mpilo libuyele enhliziyweni.
Okuhlukile yimithambo yamaphaphu . Le mithambo ixhumanisa inhliziyo namaphaphu akho. Le mithambo emine ithutha igazi elisha elinomoya-mpilo lisuka emaphashini libuyele enhliziyweni ukuze likwazi ukupompelwa emzimbeni wonke. Kungumjikelezo ohlelekile kahle!
Ayini amaVenule?
Ama-Venule yimithambo emincane, ethambile esebenza njengemigwaqo emincane eseceleni exhumanisa nemigwaqo emikhulu. Aqoqa igazi kuma -capillary amancane, lapho kwenzeka khona ukushintshana komoya-mpilo, bese elidlulisela emithanjeni emikhulu. Nakuba ama-venule ebanzi kancane kune-capillary, mancane kakhulu—cishe ngokuphindwe ka-16—kunomthambo ojwayelekile.
Uyini umsebenzi oyinhloko wemithambo yegazi?
Imithambo yegazi isebenzela izinjongo ezimbili eziyinhloko:
1. Ukuqoqa igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo emzimbeni bese ulibuyisela enhliziyweni.
2. Ukuthutha igazi elisanda kufakwa umoya-mpilo lisuka emaphashini libuyele enhliziyweni (indima eyingqayizivele emithanjeni yamaphaphu).
Indima ethile yomthambo incike endaweni yawo emzimbeni wakho. Uma behlangene, bakha lokho esikubiza ngokuthi uhlelo lwemithambo yegazi .
Ukuqonda Uhlelo Lwemithambo Yemithambo
Uhlelo lwakho lwemithambo luyinethiwekhi yonke yemithambo exhunywe ezithweni zakho kanye neminye imithambo yegazi. Luhlukaniswe ngamasekethe amabili ayinhloko:
1. Isekethe ehlelekile
2. Isekethe yamaphaphu
Cabanga ngalokhu njengomzila womjaho. Imoto yomjaho idinga ukuqeda umjikelezo ogcwele, kodwa futhi idinga ukuma ukuze uphethiloli nokugcinwa kwawo kuqhubeke. Igazi lakho lilandela umqondo ofanayo—lidinga ukuvuselelwa umoya-mpilo (ukufakwa uphethiloli) futhi kususwe imfucuza efana ne-carbon dioxide.
Ake sibheke ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani:
Okokuqala, i -Systemic circuit , ehlanganisa uhambo olude oludlula ezingalweni zakho, emilenzeni, nasemzimbeni:
1. Igazi elinomoya-mpilo liphuma enhliziyweni ngemithambo yegazi .
2. Imithambo ihlukana ibe yimithambo emincane (ama-arterioles) bese ekugcineni ibe yi -capillaries .
3. Ema-capillary, igazi liletha umoya-mpilo ezicutshini zakho futhi lithathe imfucuza kanye ne-carbon dioxide.
4. Manje igazi seliphelelwe umoya-mpilo futhi lidinga "ukugcwalisa uphethiloli."
5. Leli gazi lingena kuma-venule , athululela emithanjeni .
6. Imithambo ithutha leli gazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo libuyele enhliziyweni ngemithambo emibili emikhulu: i- Superior vena cava kanye ne- Inferior vena cava .
Uma igazi selifikile enhliziyweni, isekethe yesistimu isuke isiqediwe. Manje, ingena kwisekethe yePulmonary :
1. Igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo lithunyelwa lisuka enhliziyweni liye emaphashini.
2. Emaphashini, igazi ligcwaliswa ngomoya-mpilo (inqubo "yokugcwalisa").
3. Igazi elisha, elinomoya-mpilo libuyela enhliziyweni ngemithambo yamaphaphu .
4. Inhliziyo ibe isipompa leli gazi elisha libuyele esimisweni somzimba ukuze liqale umjikelezo futhi.
Lena inqubo engapheli, emangalisayo eyenzeka ngaphakathi kuwe njalo ngomzuzwana.
Kungani imithambo ibonakala iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphansi kwesikhumba sethu?
Imithambo yakho yakha inethiwekhi efana namagatsha ezihlahla noma izintambo zikagesi. Nakuba abaningi bekholelwa ukuthi imithambo iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yendlela ebukeka ngayo esikhumbeni, lokho kuwukukhohlisa kwamehlo.
Eqinisweni, igazi elingaphakathi kwemithambo yakho libomvu ngokumnyama. Libomvu ngokujulile kunegazi elisemithanjeni ngoba linomoya -mpilo ophansi. Ukubukeka okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kumane kuwumphumela wendlela ukukhanya okuhlangana ngayo nezendlalelo zesikhumba sakho. Igazi lihlala libomvu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lisemithanjeni noma emithanjeni.
Imithambo yenziwe ngani?
Umthambo ngamunye wakhiwe yizingqimba ezintathu eziyinhloko zezicubu:
- I-Tunica adventitia: Ingqimba engaphandle, ehlinzeka ngokusekelwa kwesakhiwo emthanjeni.
- I-Tunica media: Ingqimba ephakathi, equkethe amangqamuzana emisipha abushelelezi avumela umthambo ukuba wande noma unciphe.
- I-Tunica intima: Ulwelwesi olungaphakathi olubushelelezi. Iqukethe amangqamuzana e-endothelial akhethekile aqinisekisa ukuhamba kwegazi okubushelelezi.
Imithambo yegazi ihluke emithonjeni yegazi ngezindlela ezimbili ezibalulekile:
- Ama-valve ahamba ngendlela eyodwa: Imithambo eminingi, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni yakho, iqukethe ama-valve aqinisekisa ukuthi igazi liya enhliziyweni kuphela, okuvimbela ukugeleza kwegazi emuva. Uma la ma-valve ehluleka, igazi lingahlangana, okuholela ezimweni ezifana nemithambo evuvukele .
- Ubukhulu bodonga: Izindonga zemithambo yegazi zincane futhi ziqukethe imisipha emincane kunezindonga zemithambo yegazi ngoba umfutho wegazi ngaphakathi kwazo uphansi kakhulu.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zemithambo yegazi?
Ukuze ugcine uhlelo lwakho lokujikeleza kwegazi lusebenza kahle, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zemithambo yegazi:
1. Imithambo ejulile:
Lezi zitholakala ngaphakathi kwemisipha yakho futhi zigijima eceleni kwamathambo. Ziyizinto eziphakamisa umzimba ezisindayo, ezibangela ukubuyisela iningi legazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo enhliziyweni. Isibonelo, cishe u-90% wegazi elibuya emilenzeni yakho lihamba ngemithambo ejulile efakwe ama-valve ahamba ngendlela eyodwa.
2. Imithambo yangaphandle:
Le mithambo ngokuvamile mincane kunemithambo ejulile. Njengemithambo ejulile, iqukethe nama-valve, kodwa ayizungezwe yimisipha. Kunalokho, ihlala ngaphansi kwesikhumba, okwenza ibonakale kalula. Lena yimithambo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oyibona igijima ngaphansi kwesikhumba sezingalo nemilenze yakho.
Indima yale mithambo engaphezulu iwukuqoqa igazi ezicutshini eziseduze nesikhumba sakho bese ulidlulisela emithanjeni ejulile (ngemithambo ekhethekile exhumanisayo). Kodwa-ke, leli gazi ligeleza kancane kancane ngoba alikwazi ukupompa ngqo kwemisipha ezungezile.
Umthambo omude kunayo yonke emzimbeni wakho empeleni umthambo ongaphezulu, owaziwa ngokuthi i- Great Saphenous Vein . Ugijima emlenzeni ngamunye, kusukela eqakaleni lakho kuze kufike ethangeni lakho.
3. Imithambo ebhobozayo:
Ngezinye izikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi 'imithambo yokuxhumana,' lezi zimfushane kakhulu. Zisebenza njengamabhuloho, zithwala igazi elivela emithanjeni engaphezulu liye emithanjeni ejulile. Lezi ziqukethe nama-valve. Lapho imisipha yakho yethole ifinyela, la ma-valve ayavaleka ukuze kuvinjelwe igazi ukuthi lingagelezi emuva lisuka emithanjeni ejulile liye kwengaphezulu.
Igazi ligeleza kanjani ngaphakathi emithanjeni? Ingabe inhliziyo ishaya ngokwanele?
Ngenkathi inhliziyo ipompa igazi ngemithambo yakho, idinga usizo oluvela emandleni angaphandle ukuze ibuyisele igazi ngemithambo enhliziyweni.
- Indlela yakho yokuphefumula: Njengoba uphefumula, amaphaphu akho ayakhula futhi i-diaphragm yakho iya phezulu naphansi. Lokhu kudala umphumela ofana nokumunca osiza ekusunduzeni igazi eliphelelwe umoya-mpilo emithanjeni yakho libuyele enhliziyweni yakho.
- Ukunyakaza kwemisipha: Ikakhulukazi emilenzeni yakho! Ubuwazi ukuthi imisipha yakho yemilenze isiza ukupompa igazi ngokumelene namandla adonsela phansi? Yingakho imisipha yakho yethole ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi “inhliziyo yesibili.”
Iyini le "nhliziyo yesibili"?
Ungase ungakuqapheli, kodwa imisipha emlenzeni wakho ongezansi, ikakhulukazi imisipha yakho yethole, isebenza njengephampu enamandla. Icindezela imithambo ejulile emlenzeni wakho ongezansi. Le "nhliziyo engaphandle" iqala ukusebenza njalo uma uthatha isinyathelo.
- Uma ubeka unyawo lwakho phansi, isisindo somzimba wakho sicindezela imithambo ejulile ezinyaweni zakho, sisunduzela igazi phezulu liye ematholeni akho.
- Ngemuva kwalokho, njengoba uphakamisa isithende sakho, imisipha yakho yethole iyafinyela bese icindezela imithambo ejulile lapho, isunduza igazi liye phezulu liye emathangeni akho.
Lolu hlelo olumangalisayo yilona oluvumela igazi emilenzeni nasezinyaweni zakho ezingezansi ukuthi lihambe ngokumelene namandla adonsela phansi bese libuyela enhliziyweni yakho.
Ngokungafani nenhliziyo esifubeni sakho, le nhliziyo yesibili ishaya kuphela uma ushukumisa imilenze yakho. Ijubane lephampu liyashintsha ngokusekelwe emsebenzini wakho; uma ugijima, imisipha yakho yethole icindezela imithambo ngokushesha kakhulu kunalapho uhamba.
Ekugcineni, le nhliziyo yesibili ibalulekile ekujikelezeni kwegazi emzimbeni wakho wonke, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izitho zakho nezicubu zithola umoya-mpilo kanye nezakhamzimba njalo ukuze zisebenze kahle.
Yiziphi izimo ezivamile ezihlobene nemithambo yegazi?
Uma imithambo yegazi ingasebenzi kahle, kungavela izimo eziningana, okuhlanganisa:
- I-Thrombophlebitis Engaphezulu: Lokhu ukuvuvukala komthambo ongaphezulu, okuvame ukuhambisana nokuqhekeka kwegazi. Nakuba la maqhubu ngokuvamile engafiki emaphashini, angasakazeka ohlelweni lwemithambo ejulile.
- I-Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Lesi yisimo esibucayi sezokwelapha lapho kwakheka khona amahlule egazi (thrombi) ngaphakathi kwemithambo ejulile, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni noma ethangeni. Uma ihlule liqhuma futhi liye emaphashini, lingabangela i- Pulmonary Embolism esongela impilo.
- Imithambo Ye-Varicose: Le mithambo ikhulisiwe, ijijekile, futhi ivuvukele. Nakuba ingase ingabi njalo imbangela yokulimala okusheshayo, ingaholela ezinkingeni ezifana nokuqhekeka kwegazi.
- Ukungasebenzi kahle kwemithambo yegazi okungapheli: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ama-valve ahamba ngendlela eyodwa emithanjeni yakho yemilenze onakele, okuwavimbela ukuthi angakwazi ukupompa igazi libuyele enhliziyweni ngempumelelo. Ngokuvamile kuba umphumela wesikhathi eside we-DVT yangaphambilini.
Yiziphi izimpawu eziyisixwayiso zenkinga yemithambo yegazi?
Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngesimo, kodwa izinkomba ezivamile zifaka:
- Ukuvuvukala (i-edema) emilenzeni, emaqakaleni, noma ezinyaweni, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuma isikhathi eside.
- Ubuhlungu, ubuhlungu, noma ukuqaqamba emilenzeni.
- Imizwa yokukhathala , ukuqaqamba, noma umuzwa wokuqaqamba emilenzeni.
- Izinguquko ekubunjweni kwesikhumba, njengokuba siphenduka sibe njengesikhumba.
- Isikhumba esomile, esilumayo, noma esiqhekekile emilenzeni noma ezinyaweni.
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, noma ubona imithambo emisha ensomi, evuvukile, noma evuvukele, sicela ubone udokotela ngokushesha. Izifo eziningi zemithambo zingelapheka kakhulu uma zitholakala kusenesikhathi. Uma usola isimo esifana ne-DVT, ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile ukuvimbela i-Pulmonary Embolism.
Zitholakala kanjani izinkinga zempilo yemithambo yegazi?
Udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza umlando wakho wezokwelapha futhi enze ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Bangase bacele i- Doppler ultrasoundnoma ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola izimo ezifana ne-DVT.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha izinkinga zemithambo yegazi?
Imigomo yokwelapha ivame ukugxila ekunciphiseni ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi, ukuphatha ukuqhekeka kwegazi okukhona, kanye nokunciphisa izimpawu.
- Izindlela Zokwelapha Ezivimbela Ukugabha Ama-Coagulant (Imithi Yokwehlisa Igazi): Lezi zivame ukusetshenziswa ukwelapha i-DVT nokuvimbela i-Pulmonary Embolism. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-Warfarin, i-Rivaroxaban, ne-Apixaban. Udokotela wakho uzoqapha igazi lakho njalo futhi alungise imithamo ukuze alinganise ukusebenza kahle nengozi yokopha.
- Imithi yokuncibilikisa amahlule: Le mithi ayisetshenziswa njalo futhi isebenza kahle kakhulu uma inikezwa zingakapheli amahora angu-48 kusukela ekwakhekeni kwamahlule.
- Izinqubo zokuhlinzwa : Lezi azivamile, kodwa ezigulini ezingakwazi ukuthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi, ukufaka isihlungi se-Vena Cava kungaba yindlela yokuzivikela edingekayo.
Kukhona futhi amasu okuphatha asekhaya asebenzayo. Udokotela wakho angase ancome amasokisi okucindezela ukuze athuthukise ukujikeleza kwegazi. Lawa eza ngamazinga ahlukahlukene okucindezela, futhi udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukuthi ukhethe okulungile. Ukwelashwa kokucindezela sekusetshenziswe iminyaka engaphezu kuka-2,000!
Ngingayigcina kanjani imithambo yami iphilile?
Kuningi ongakwenza ukusekela impilo yemithambo yegazi. Uma usuvele unezinkinga zemithambo yegazi noma usengozini enkulu, ukulandela lezi zinyathelo kubalulekile:
- Gwema ukuhlala noma ukuma endaweni efanayo isikhathi eside kakhulu. Uma uchitha isikhathi esiningi sosuku lwakho uhleli, kwenze umkhuba ukuvuka uhambe imizuzu emibili kuya kwemithathu njalo ngehora. Ngesikhathi uhleli, phakamisa imilenze yakho engezansi bese ugoqa amaqakala akho emuva naphambili. Njengoba uhambisa imilenze yakho engezansi, imisipha yakho icindezela imithambo yegazi, isize ekupompeni igazi libuyele enhliziyweni yakho.
- Gcina inhlanzeko yezinyawo isezingeni eliphezulu ukuze uvimbele izifo. Gcina izinyawo zakho zihlanzekile futhi zomile. Ungasebenzisa i-moisturizer ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka kwesikhumba nokopha.
- Xhumana nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole ukuthi imithi yokunciphisa igazi ikufanele yini. Yazisa njalo umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezimpawu zakho.
Ngisho noma ungenazo izinkinga ngemithambo yegazi, ungafaka le mikhuba elula ohlelweni lwakho lwansuku zonke ukuze ugcine imithambo yakho iphilile:
- Hlala umatasa futhi ushukumise umzimba wakho usuku lonke ukuze uthuthukise ukujikeleza kwegazi okunempilo.
- Hamba uyohamba (zibophezele okungenani imizuzu engama-30, izinsuku ezinhlanu ngesonto).
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo ukuze ugcine isisindo sakho siphilile.
- Ngesikhathi sohambo olude lwemoto noma lwendiza, khumbula ukuma, ukuhambahamba, nokwelula imilenze yakho njalo.
- Uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu zenkinga ehlobene nemithambo yegazi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zingabonakala zincane kangakanani, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kuyisihluthulelo sokuvimbela izinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
Ngokuvamile asiqapheli ukuthi inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi yethu isebenza kanzima kangakanani ngisho nalapho siphumule. Ukuze uhlale usebenza, uhlelo lwakho lokujikeleza kwegazi kumele lusebenze kahle. Yingakho ukunakekela umzimba wakho kubaluleke kangaka—kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igazi lakho ligeleza kahle futhi ngempumelelo ohlelweni lwakho.
Imithambo yakho iyingxenye ebalulekile, engenakufakwa esikhundleni sohlelo lwakho lokujikeleza kwegazi. Kanye nenhliziyo yakho, imithambo yegazi, kanye nama-capillary, imithambo yakho isebenza ngokungakhathali nsuku zonke ukuze isakaze igazi emzimbeni wakho wonke.
Uma uhamba amabanga amade, ungakhohlwa ukusukuma nokuhambahamba kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuphakamisa imilenze yakho engezansi nokuphakamisa amaqakala akho kusiza imithambo yakho yemilenze ukusunduza igazi emuva liye enhliziyweni yakho. Uma usola ukuthi unenkinga ehlobene nemithambo, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha ukuze uxoxe ngezimpawu zakho. Izimo eziningi zemithambo yegazi zingaphathwa kahle noma zelashwe uma zitholakala kusenesikhathi!
