Ake sixoxe ngohlelo oluyimfihlo olulawula umfutho wegazi lakho: (Uhlelo lwe-Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone - RAAS)!

Wake wacabanga ukuthi umfutho wegazi lakho awuyona nje into ongakwazi ukuyilawula? Eqinisweni, kunesistimu eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi emangalisayo ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu yokuyilawula. Yileyo ndlela esizokhuluma ngayo namuhla. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi uhlelo lwe-renin-angiotensin-aldosterone , noma i-RAAS ngamafuphi. Ungakhathazeki, yize igama lide kancane, masiliqonde kalula.

Iyini le RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System)?

Kulungile, pho iyini i-RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System)? Kalula nje, iyisistimu exhumene yama-hormone, amaprotheni, nama-enzyme emizimbeni yethu asebenza ndawonye. Kufana neqembu elincane eliklanywe kahle. Umsebenzi oyinhloko waleli qembu ukulawula umfutho wegazi lethu kanye nenani loketshezi emzimbeni wethu, okungukuthi, umthamo wegazi, isikhathi eside.

Cabanga ngemithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu njengamapayipi athwala amanzi. Inani legazi eligeleza ngalezi zipayipi, kanye nengcindezi ekhishwa yilelo gazi ezindongeni zamapayipi, yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi umfutho wegazi. Ngakho-ke, lokho okwenziwa yi-RAAS ukwandisa ukumuncwa kabusha kukasawoti (i-sodium) namanzi emzimbeni. Bese inani loketshezi emzimbeni, okungukuthi, umthamo wegazi, liyakhula. Kubangela nokuthi imithambo yegazi inciphe. Okusho ukuthi, ilawula ithoni yemithambo yegazi . Konke lokhu kusiza ukugcina umfutho wegazi usezingeni elifunekayo, noma kunalokho, ezingeni elinempilo.

Kunabadlali abathathu abaphambili kulolu hlelo lwe -RAAS , njengabalingiswa abaphambili emdlalweni:

• I-Renin: Lena yi-enzyme.
• I-Angiotensin II: Lena yi-hormone.
• I-Aldosterone : Lokhu futhi kuyi-hormone.

Ukuchaza la magama amabili kancane, ama-enzyme ayizinhlobo ezikhethekile zamaprotheni asiza futhi asheshise ukusabela kwamakhemikhali emizimbeni yethu. Asiza ekwenzeni ezinye izinto zibe zintsha futhi aphule ezinye izinto. Ama-hormone ayizithunywa zamakhemikhali eziqondisa imisebenzi yemizimba yethu. Ahamba egazini futhi atshele izitho ezahlukene, imisipha, nezicubu ukuthi kufanele zenzeni nokuthi kufanele zikwenze nini. Kufana nenkonzo yeposi yomzimba wethu.

Ngakho-ke, kuyini umfutho wegazi?

Uma uya kudokotela, balinganisa umfutho wegazi lakho nge-cuff engalweni yakho. Ukuze kube sobala, lokhu ukucindezela okudalwa yigazi elingaphakathi kwemithambo yakho njalo lapho inhliziyo yakho ishaya. Lokhu kucindezela okuvamile kubaluleke kakhulu ekugelezeni kwegazi okufanele kusuka enhliziyweni yethu kuya kuzo zonke ezinye izitho nezicubu emzimbeni wethu.

Umfutho wegazi uncike ezintweni eziningana, njengokuthi inhliziyo yakho iphampa igazi elingakanani kanye nobubanzi bemithambo yegazi igazi lakho eligeleza kuyo.

Izinto eziningi, njengemithi ethile, amazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol, kanye nokubhema, zingathinta umfutho wegazi lakho. Kodwa-ke, uhlelo oluyinhloko olunesibopho sokulawula umfutho wegazi yi-RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System). Kodwa khumbula, uma unengcindezi yegazi ephezulu (umfutho wegazi ophakeme) noma umfutho wegazi ophansi (umfutho wegazi ophansi), akudingeki kube yinkinga ngaso sonke isikhathi ngohlelo lwe-RAAS. Kungaba nezinye izimbangela.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-RAAS ne-baroreceptor reflex?

Zombili lezi zibaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni umfutho wegazi, kodwa kunomehluko omncane.

I-RAAS (i-Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System) isebenza ngokuyinhloko ukulawula umthamo wegazi wesikhathi eside kanye nokumelana kwemithambo yegazi emzimbeni wonke.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-baroreceptor reflex, noma njengoba abanye beyibiza kanjalo , i-baroreflex , isebenza uma kukhona ukwehla kwesikhashana komfutho wegazi. Okusho ukuthi, isabela ngokushesha ezinguqukweni ezincane, ezisheshayo zomfutho wegazi kusukela ekushayweni kwenhliziyo kuya ekushayweni kwenhliziyo. Lawa ma-baroreceptor, atholakala emithanjeni yethu yegazi, asheshe atshele uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa oluzimele ngalezi zinguquko.

Yiziphi izitho ezibalulekile ezihilelekile ku-RAAS?

Izitho eziningana zomzimba, izindlala, kanye nezicubu zomzimba wethu zisebenza ndawonye ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lolu hlelo lwe-RAAS lusebenza kahle. Okubaluleke kakhulu kulezi yilokhu:

• Izinso : Lezi yizo zokuqala ukukhulula i-renin.
• Isibindi: Iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-angiotensinogen yenziwa lapha.
• Imithambo yegazi: Yilokhu okunciphisa futhi kukhuphule umfutho wegazi.
• Amaphaphu: Indawo eyinhloko ye-enzyme ye-ACE.
• Izindlala ze-adrenal: Lezi yizindlala ezimbili ezincane, ezimise okwesikwele ezitholakala ngaphezu kwezinso zethu. Zikhiqiza i-aldosterone.
• Indlala ye-pituitary: Lena yindlala encane elingana nethambo, etholakala phansi kobuchopho, ngaphansi kwe-hypothalamus. Ikhiqiza i-hormone i-ADH.
• I-Hypothalamus: Lesi yisifunda sobuchopho esiqondisa umsebenzi wesimiso sethu sezinzwa esizimele kanye ne-pituitary gland.

Bheka ukuthi zingaki izinto okufanele zisebenze ndawonye ukuze into eyodwa isebenze!

Lolu hlelo lwe-RAAS lusebenza kanjani ngempela?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi le RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System) isebenza kanjani. Lena inqubo eyenzeka ngezinyathelo eziningana:

1. Okokuqala, cabanga ukuthi umfutho wegazi lakho wehla kancane ngokuzumayo . Noma ukuthi inani legazi eliya ezinso liyehla. Ngaleso sikhathi, izinso zethu ezimbili ezihlakaniphile zikhipha i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-renin egazini.

2. Bese le renin iyahamba bese iphula iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-angiotensinogen , eyenziwa esibindini sethu bese ifakwa egazini. Kufana nokusika iphepha ngesikele. Bese kwakheka i-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-angiotensin I.

3. Kodwa le angiotensin I ayisebenzi kakhulu, okungukuthi, ayinawo umphumela omkhulu (ayisebenzi). Ngakho-ke uma intanta egazini, i-angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) emaphashini nasezinso zethu iyiphula ibe yizicucu ezengeziwe. Yilapho-ke i-hormone esebenzayo kakhulu ebizwa ngokuthi i-angiotensin II yakheka khona.

4. Manje le angiotensin II iyisisebenzi sangempela. Ngokungazelelwe ibangela ukuthi izindonga zemisipha zemithambo yethu emincane, ama-arterioles, zinciphe. Cabanga ngakho njengokucindezela ipayipi lamanzi bese amanzi ehamba ngokushesha, futhi lapho imithambo incipha, umfutho wegazi uyanda. Akukhona lokho kuphela, le angiotensin II itshela izindlala zethu ze-adrenal ukuthi zikhiphe i-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-aldosterone . Iphinde itshele i-pituitary gland ukuthi ikhiphe i-hormone yokulwa nokukhipha uketshezi emzimbeni, i-ADH (i-Antidiuretic Hormone), noma i-Vasopressin .

5. Okulandelayo, i-aldosterone ne-ADH zisebenza ndawonye ukutshela izinso ukuthi ziphinde zimunce usawoti odingwa ngumzimba, okungukuthi, i-sodium, emzimbeni, okungukuthi, ukuze ugcinwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-aldosterone itshela izinso ukuthi zikhiphe i-potassium umzimba ongayidingi emchameni .

6. Ngakho-ke, lapho inani le-sodium egazini landa, umzimba uqala ukugcina amanzi. Bese kuthi umthamo wegazi uwonke ukhuphuke, futhi kanye nawo umfutho wegazi ukhuphuke. Yileyo ndlela lolu hlelo lwe-renin-angiotensin-aldosterone oluqedwa ngayo. Umfutho wegazi ubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile.

Uhlelo lwe-RAAS lungenziwa lusebenze ngamanye ama-hormone amaningana. Isibonelo , ama-corticosteroids, i-estrogen, nama-hormone e-thyroid nawo angavuselela uhlelo.

Buyini ubudlelwano phakathi kokwehluleka kwenhliziyo kanye ne-RAAS?

Manje ake sibheke lolu hlelo lwe-RAAS, abanye abalubiza ngokuthi ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo.Buyini ubudlelwano phakathi kwalesi simo nohlelo lwe-RAAS? Eqinisweni, emzimbeni womuntu onesifo senhliziyo, lolu hlelo lwe-RAAS ludlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi eyinkimbinkimbi.

Ekuqaleni, lapho inhliziyo ingakwazi ukupompa igazi ngendlela efanele (okungukuthi, lapho inhliziyo ibuthakathaka), ayikwazi ukunikeza igazi elanele ezithweni ezibalulekile zomzimba. Ngaleso sikhathi, izinguquko ohlelweni lwe-RAAS ziqala ukwenzeka njengendlela yokulungisa lokhu. Ngamanye amazwi, umzimba uzama ukulungisa lokhu kuntuleka.

Ngokukhethekile, i-RAAS ikhipha i-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-Angiotensin II ngomzamo wokubuyisela ukugeleza kwegazi okunciphile. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kukhululwa okwandisiwe kwe-Angiotensin II ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kungenza isifo senhliziyo sibe sibi kakhulu. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kudlula kwe-Angiotensin II kubangela ukukhulisa nokuguqula inhliziyo.

Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, lapho inhliziyo ibuthakathaka futhi ikhipha igazi elincane, umzimba ucabanga ukuthi, 'O, umfutho wegazi lami uphansi, anginalo igazi elanele.' Ngakho-ke i-RAAS iyasebenza ukuze inyuse umfutho wegazi futhi inyuse umthamo wegazi. Nakuba lokho kungasiza esikhathini esifushane, esikhathini eside, kwenezela ukucindezeleka okwengeziwe enhliziyweni esivele ibuthakathaka.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, lapho belapha abantu abanesifo senhliziyo, odokotela basebenzisa imithi ethinta ngqo uhlelo lwe-RAAS futhi ilawule ukusebenza kwalo. Le mithi ivimba uhlelo lwe-RAAS ukuthi lungasebenzi ngendlela engadingekile. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• Ama-Beta-blocker
• Ama-inhibitors e-enzyme aguqula i-angiotensin (ama-inhibitors e-ACE)
• Ama-Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)
• Ama-Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs)

Le mithi inciphisa ukucindezeleka okungadingekile enhliziyweni futhi isize ekulawuleni izifo zenhliziyo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka siyikhumbule ukuthi

Ngakho-ke, manje usungabona ukuthi uhlelo lwe-renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) lubaluleke futhi luyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani ekulawuleni umfutho wegazi lethu kanye nempilo yenhliziyo. Kungase kubonakale kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kodwa kuyisimiso esibalulekile ukuze umzimba wethu uhlale uphilile. Sisebenza njengonjiniyela omncane ngaphakathi emzimbeni wethu.

Uma unenkinga ngomfutho wegazi lakho, isibonelo, uma unezimpawu zomfutho wegazi ophezulu noma umfutho wegazi ophansi , noma uma unomuzwa wokuthi umfutho wegazi wakho kunzima ukuwulawula, sicela ubone udokotela wakho ukuze akunike iseluleko.Bakulungele ukukusiza nokuphendula imibuzo yakho. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela izinto ezinjalo, ngoba yilapho kuphela lapho singenza khona izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nempilo yethu. Ukwazi umzimba wakho kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuphila impilo enempilo.

Uhlelo lwe - Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone, i-RAAS, umfutho wegazi, ama-hormone, izinso, isifo senhliziyo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ama-enzyme, i-aldosterone, i-angiotensin