Singaxoxa ngamakhono akho okunyakaza okuhle?

Wake wazibuza ukuthi izandla zethu ziyenza ngobuchule nangobuchule kangakanani imisebenzi emincane esiyenzayo nsuku zonke, njengokucindezela inkinobho, ukubhala ngepeni, noma ukubamba inkomishi yekhofi? Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi amakhono okunyakaza okuhle, noma ngesiNgisi `( Fine Motor Skills )` . Ngakho-ke namuhla sizoxoxa ngalokhu ngemininingwane ethe xaxa. Ake sibheke ukuthi lokhu kubaluleke kangakanani empilweni yethu, ukuthi kuthuthuka kanjani, nokuthi yiziphi izinkinga ezingazithinta.

Yiziphi lezi zindlela zokuthuthukisa amakhono okunyakaza kahle?

Kalula nje, amakhono okunyakaza kahle yiwona mnyakazo omncane kakhulu, oqondile esiwenzayo sisebenzisa izandla zethu, iminwe, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izinyawo nezinzwane zethu. Ukuze sikwenze lokhu ngokunembile, sidinga ukubambisana okuhle kakhulu phakathi kwemisipha yethu, amalunga, kanye nesimiso sezinzwa .

Uma sikhuluma "ngamakhono amahle okunyakaza komzimba", sivame ukucabanga ngezinto esizenzayo ngezandla zethu, izihlakala, neminwe. Njengalapho usebenzisa umunwe wakho wokukhomba nesithupha ukuze ubambe into encane. Kodwa, bewazi, singenza futhi lokhu kunyakaza okuhle ngezinyawo zethu, amaqakala, nezinzwane. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kwezemidlalo ezifana nokudansa nokudlala ibhola. Futhi kunezikhathi lapho abanye abantu basebenzisa izinyawo zabo esikhundleni sezandla zabo.

Lokhu kuhlungwa kahle kokulawula kwemoto kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kudinga okulandelayo:

• Ukwazi nokuhlela: Ikhono lokucabanga ngalokho okudingeka kwenziwe nokuthi kwenziwa kanjani.
• Ukuhlanganisa: Ubuchopho, imizwa, nemisipha kusebenza ndawonye.
• Amandla emisipha : Amandla adingekayo ukuze umuntu anyakaze.
• Umuzwa ojwayelekile: Ukuba nomuzwa ojwayelekile ezandleni, iminwe (noma ezinyaweni, ezinzwaneni).
• Ubungcweti: Ikhono lokwenza umsebenzi ngokunemba okukhulu nokunemba.

Izinkinga ngala makhono zingavela kunoma yimuphi ubudala. Kodwa-ke, lapho odokotela bethu kanye nabasebenzi bezempilo bekhuluma ngokukhula kwengane, banaka kakhulu la makhono amahle okunyakaza komzimba. Njengoba ingane ikhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zonke izindawo ezine zokukhula kwayo ziyathuthuka: ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo, ngolimi, kanye nangokomzwelo. Lawa "Makhono Amahle Okunyakaza" ayingxenye yesigaba sokukhula ngokomzimba .

Odokotela bahlola lokhu ngokucophelela ngoba uma kukhona ukubambezeleka okukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwala makhono, kungaba uphawu lwezifo ezahlukahlukene zezinzwa noma izimo zomzimba. Ngakho-ke, lapho le nkinga itholakala ngokushesha, kulapho ungathola khona usizo oludingayo ngokushesha enganeni yakho.

Kungani la makhono okunyakaza okuhle ebaluleke kangaka kithi?

Cabanga ukuthi impilo ibiyoba njani ukube thina, njengabantu, besingenawo la makhono amahle okunyakaza.

Lezi zinyathelo ezincane nezithambile zibalulekile emisebenzini eminingi esiyenzayo nsuku zonke. Kusukela ekuxubheni amazinyo ekuseni, ekuphekeni nasekudleni ukudla, ekugqokeni, lawa makhono ayadingeka. Asetshenziswa ukuthumela imiyalezo efonini yakho, ukuphulula isisu senja yakho. Konke lokhu kubalulekile ekuzimeleni kwethu nasekuzinakekeleni . Kusisiza futhi ukuba sijabulele izinto esizithandayo njengokudlala izinsimbi zomculo, ukudlala imidlalo yevidiyo , nokwenza imisebenzi yezandla.

Kumntwana , lawa "Makhono Emoto Angcono" abalulekile emsebenzini wesikole, njengokudweba nokubhala. Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa lawa makhono emoto abalulekile nasemisebenzini eminingi , njengokusebenzisa amathuluzi emisebenzini ehlobene nokwakha, ukusebenzisa ikhompyutha, nokwenza ukuhlinzwa.

Ake sibheke ezinye izibonelo zokuphila kwansuku zonke?

Nazi ezinye zezindlela ezisetshenziswa ngazo amakhono okunyakaza okuhle:

• Ephethe ipensela bese ebhala, edweba.
• Ukusebenzisa izikele.
• Izingubo ezigoqwayo.
• Ukuthayipha kukhibhodi.
• Ukubeka inkinobho.
• Ukudonsa uziphu.
• Ukubopha izintambo zezicathulo.
• Ukuvula i-doorknob.
• Ukudla ukudla usebenzisa izinto ezifana nesipuni nefoloko.
• Ukudlala imidlalo yevidiyo usebenzisa isilawuli.
• Ukudlala insimbi yomculo efana negitare, umtshingo, noma upiyano.

Cabanga ukuthi impilo yansuku zonke ingaba nzima kangakanani ukube ubungenakukwazi ukwenza ngisho neyodwa yalezi zinto kahle. Yingakho la makhono ebaluleke kangaka.

Indlela la makhono akhula ngayo ezinganeni ezincane (izinyathelo zokukhula)

Izinyathelo ezibalulekile zokukhula ukuziphatha namakhono umntwana avame ukuwabonisa eminyakeni ethile njengoba ekhula. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi akuzona zonke izingane ezikhula ngesivinini esifanayo. Kodwa-ke, izingane eziningi zithola lezi zinguquko cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba zikhula.

Ezinye izibonelo (kodwa kungagcini lapho) zamakhono okunyakaza abonakala ezinsaneni nasezinganeni ezincane zifaka:

• Usana olusanda kuzalwa: luzama ukubamba okuthile ngesandla salo (lokhu kuyimpendulo engenziwa ngokuzithandela ebizwa ngokuthi i-'grasp reflex').
• Phakathi kwezinyanga ezi-3-6: Uhlanganisa izandla, uzama ukubamba ithoyizi.
• Phakathi kwezinyanga ezingu-6-9: Udlulisela izinto kusuka kwesinye isandla kuya kwesinye, uqala ukubamba izinto ezincane ngeminwe yakhe (pincer grasp).
• Phakathi kwezinyanga ezingu-9-12: Uqoqa izingcezu ezincane zokudla ngeminwe bese ezama ukuhlanganisa amabhlogo phezu komunye nomunye.
• Phakathi konyaka owodwa kuya kwemibili: Ubamba ipensela noma ikhrayoni, adwebe imigqa, bese ephendula amakhasi encwadi.
• Phakathi kweminyaka engu-2-3:Ukuzama ukusika ngesikele (ngosizo), ukuzama ukufaka izinkinobho ezinkulu.
• Phakathi kweminyaka emi-3-4: Ufaka imibala ezithombeni futhi adwebe izimo ezilula njengonxantathu.
• Phakathi kweminyaka engu-4-5: Ukwazi ukubhala igama lakhe, ukusika kahle ngesikele, nokuzama ukubopha izintambo zezicathulo.

La makhono okunyakaza aqhubeka nokukhula nokuqina ngisho nangemva kokuba le mingcele yobudala isihlangatsheziwe. Into ebalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ingane ngayinye ikhula ngesivinini sayo. Uma unenkinga ngamakhono engane yakho, khuluma nodokotela wayo.

Lawa makhono okunyakaza okuhle athuthukiswa kanjani?

Lawa "Makhono Emisipha Emihle" aqala ukukhula kusukela ngesikhathi sizalwa. Isibonelo, izingane zivame ukuzalwa zine-"grasp reflex". Uma ugijimisa umunwe wakho engalweni yengane, ivame ukwelula isandla sayo ibambe umunwe wakho. Lena ingenye yamakhono okuqala emisipha emihle abonwayo.

Njengoba ingane ikhula, le migudu emincane iyaqhubeka nokukhula – kuze kube yilapho isikhulile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imisipha yengane yakho iyaqina, futhi ithuthukisa ukuhlangana okudingekayo ukuze yenze ukunyakaza okunembe kakhudlwana.

Ngisho nabantu abadala bangathuthukisa amakhono abo okunyakaza. Isibonelo, abaqwali bamadwala bayazijwayeza ukulenga emifantwini emincane emadwaleni ukuze bandise amandla abo okubamba. Odokotela abahlinzayo bayazijwayeza ukunyakaza kwezandla ukuze kube okunembile, okuhlala njalo, nokunembile.

Futhi, kunezindlela zokusiza ingane yakho ukuthi izijwayeze la makhono okunyakaza okuhle.

Yimiphi imisebenzi engathuthukisa la makhono ezinganeni ezincane?

Nazi ezinye izinto ongayenza ukusiza ukuthuthukisa amakhono okunyakaza okuhle komntwana wakho noma ingane encane:

• Ukubavumela badlale nge-Play-Doh noma ubumba: Ukuzicindezela, ukuzigingqa, nokuzibumba ngezandla zabo kuqinisa imisipha yeminwe yabo.
• Ukuzivumela ukuthi zibophe ubuhlalu obukhulu: Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukuhambisana kwesandla namehlo.
• Ukudlala ngamathoyizi anjenge-'Blocks' noma i-'Lego': Lokhu kudinga ukunyakaza okuncane lapho uwahlanganisa futhi uwahlukanisa.
• Ukudweba nombala: Izingane zifunda ukubamba nokulawula izinto ezifana namapensela, amakhrayoni, kanye nemifanekiso yamanzi.
• Ukuvumela ukuba basike iphepha ngesikelo: Okokuqala, bavumele basike ngemigqa elula, bese ungazijwayeza ukusika izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi (kudingeka futhi ucabange ngokuphepha).
• Ukuzivumela zakhe iphazili: Ukubamba izingcezu ezincane nokuzifaka ezindaweni ezifanele kudinga ukulawula okuhle.
• Ukubavumela badlale ngamanzi: Ukuthela amanzi kusuka enkomishini eyodwa kuya kwenye noma ukucindezela isiponji kusebenzisa imisipha esezandleni zabo.
• Ukusiza nokuzijwayeza ukubopha izinkinobho zezingubo, ukubopha iziphu, nokubopha izintambo zezicathulo.
• Ukuthola usizo oluncane ngenkathi upheka: izinto ezifana nokugeza imifino, ukuxova inhlama, njll.

Yiziphi izimo ezingathinta la makhono okunyakaza okuhle?

Uma kunenkinga nganoma iyiphi yalezi zingxenye zomzimba wethu, ingathinta amakhono okunyakaza okuhle:

• Ubuchopho
• Umhlonzo
• Izinzwa Ezingaphandle (izinzwa eziphuma ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni)
• Imisipha
• Amalunga ezandla nezinyawo
• Amathambo ezandla nezinyawo

Ngenxa yalokho, amakhulu ezimo angaphazamisa la makhono okunyakaza okuhle. Lokhu kukhubazeka kungasukela kokuncane kuya kokukhulu. Isibonelo, kungathatha isikhathi eside nomzamo omkhulu kunokujwayelekile ukucindezela inkinobho, noma kungase kungenzeki nhlobo ukwenza umsebenzi.

Ezinye zalezi zimo zingelashwa noma zilawulwe , kanti ezinye zingabangela ukukhubazeka okungapheli kwamakhono okunyakaza okuhle.

Izimo ezingathinta amakhono okunyakaza kwezingane zihlanganisa (kodwa azigcini lapho):

• Isifo se-Autism Spectrum
• Ukukhubazeka Kwengqondo
• Ukulibaziseka Kokuthuthukiswa
• I-Down Syndrome
• Ubunzima bokubhala (`i-Dysgraphia`)
• Isifo Sokuxhumanisa Intuthuko
• I-Hydrocephalus
• Isifo Sokucubungula Izinzwa (isimo esithinta indlela ubuchopho obusingatha ngayo imizwa efana nokuthinta, ukubona, ukuzwa, ukuhogela, kanye nokunambitha)
• I-Spine Bifida

Izimo ezingathinta amakhono okunyakaza okuhle kokubili ezinganeni nakubantu abadala zifaka:

• Izimo Zofuzo
• Isimila Sobuchopho
• Ukungasebenzi Kwemisipha
• Isifo Samathambo Esibangelwa Yi-Young Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Ukulimala kwemisipha, imizwa, amalunga, kanye namathambo, isibonelo, ukulimala kwe-brachial plexus
• Isifo sohlangothi (ngaphambi, ngesikhathi noma ngemva kokuzalwa)
• Ukulimala Kobuchopho Okubuhlungu

Izimo ezingathinta amakhono okunyakaza okuhle kubantu abadala:

• I-arthritis ye-rheumatoid yamalunga eminwe, izihlakala, amaqakala, noma izinzwane
• I-Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
• I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
• Isifo sokulahlekelwa yingqondo
• Isifo sikaHuntington
• Isifo sikaParkinson
• I-Peripheral Neuropathy ethinta izandla kanye/noma izinyawo

Siyenza kanjani imisebenzi yansuku zonke ibe lula ngobunzima obunjalo?

Ukuthola ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho ninenkinga ngamakhono okunyakaza okuhle kungaba nzima ekuqaleni.Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi kunezindlela eziningi zokushintsha noma zokuguqula imisebenzi yansuku zonke ukuze kube lula ukuyenza.

Ungathola usizo kuchwepheshe wezokwelapha ngomsebenzi ngalokhu. Uchwepheshe wezokwelapha umsebenzi uyisisebenzi sezempilo esisiza abantu babo bonke ubudala ukuthuthukisa ikhono labo lokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Bazokukhombisa ukuthi ungawasebenzisa kanjani amathuluzi noma izindlela ezahlukene ukuze uhlanganyele ngokuphephile emisebenzini yakho. Uchwepheshe wezokwelapha angakufundisa ukuzivocavoca nokuthi ungaphatha kanjani izinto ezahlukene. Ezinganeni, lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukudlala ngamathoyizi nokusebenzisa imishini yesikole. Ukwelashwa komsebenzi kusiza abantu ukuba baphile ngokuzimela ngangokunokwenzeka. Bakunikeza imibono, ukuzivocavoca, namathuluzi ongawasebenzisa ekhaya.

Ezinye izibonelo zokuzivumelanisa nezimo:

• Ukuqinisa: Ukwenza ithoyizi noma into iqine kakhudlwana ngenkathi othile esebenza ngayo. Ungasebenzisa i-Velcro®, izinkomishi zokumunca, ama-clamp, noma omakethi ukuze uvimbele amathoyizi noma izinto ukuthi zingagingqiki kalula, futhi uzigcine zisendaweni yazo ngenkathi ingane yakho izisebenzisa.
• Ukwandisa noma ukwandisa: Ukwengeza okuthile kuthoyizi noma entweni ukuze kube lula ukubamba noma ukuphatha. Isibonelo, ungangeza 'i-pensela grip' enkulu ukuze wenze ipensela ibe lula ukuyibamba. Noma ungangeza 'ama-knobs' ukuze wenze izingcezu zephazili zibe lula ukuphatha.
• Ukwenza lula: Ukunciphisa inani lezinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze kuqedwe umsebenzi. Isibonelo, ingane yakho ingase ishintshe izicathulo eziboshiwe ngezintambo ze-Velcro, okwenza kube lula ukuzigqoka. Izingubo ezinwebekayo zingase zibe lula ukuzigqoka nokuzikhumula kunezingubo ezinamaziphu noma izinkinobho. Ukuphuza utshani kungaba lula kunokubamba indebe bese uyiphakamisa emlonyeni wakho.

Kukhona nezinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini eguquguqukayo . Isibonelo, i-buttonhook ikuvumela ukuthi ubophe izinkinobho ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iminwe yakho (ubamba i-hook ngesibambo). Kukhona nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitsha zokudla ezenzelwe ngokukhethekile ukukusiza ukuthi udle wedwa.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?

Uma ukhathazekile ngokuthi ingane yakho ayihlangabezani nemigomo yekhono lokunyakaza kahle, khuluma nodokotela wezingane wengane yakho. Angabuza imibuzo mayelana nokukhathazeka kwakho futhi enze izivivinyo uma kudingeka. Ungaxhumana nesikole sengane yakho ukuze kuhlolwe.

Uma ubona ukwehla kwamakhono akho okunyakaza noma engane yakho, ikakhulukazi uma ukwehla kwenzeka ngokuzumayo, bona udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kungaba uphawu lwesimo esibucayi esiyisisekelo.

Ngakho-ke, nazi ezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho:

Ngakho-ke, ungabona ukuthi lezi zinto ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi amakhono okunyakaza okuhle zibaluleke kangakanani ezimpilweni zethu. Lezi zikhula kusukela osukwini esizalwa ngalo kuze kube yilapho sesikhulile. Ezinganeni ezincane, ukuhlola indawo ezizungezile kubasiza ukuba bathuthukise la makhono. Futhi ungasekela intuthuko yabo ngemisebenzi esikhulume ngayo ngaphambilini.

Khumbula, ingane ngayinye ihlukile. Ikhula ngesivinini sayo. Ngakho-ke, ungaziqhathanisi nabanye ngokungadingekile.

Uma unokungabaza noma ukukhathazeka ngamakhono engane yakho, ungalokothi unqikaze ukukhuluma nodokotela ngakho. Ngenxa yokuthi kunezimo ezahlukahlukene ezingathinta lokhu kunyakaza okuncane, uma kutholakala kusenesikhathi, kungcono. Uma kudingeka, ungathola usizo oluningi lokubhekana nalezi zinkinga futhi wenze imisebenzi yansuku zonke ibe lula ngezinto ezifana nokwelashwa ngokomsebenzi.

Amakhono Emisipha Emihle, Ukuthuthukiswa Kwengane, Amakhono Ezandla, Ukusetshenziswa Kweminwe, Izigigaba Zokukhula, Ukwelashwa Komsebenzi